Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social最新文献

{"title":"Los enemigos de la democracia","authors":"Germán Carrillo García","doi":"10.6018/reg.576071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.576071","url":null,"abstract":"This essay aims to reexamine and in a certain way to revitalize the inexhaustible debate on the crisis of contemporary democracies. The fundamental thesisis that theories of crisis in general and those of democracy in particular, from the classic Frankfurt theories to certain neo-Marxist and post-Keynesian currents, have underestimated the triad of capital, capitalists and market (and their virtually unlimited expansive dynamics) as socially strategic forces, while at the same time they have relied excessively on the political capacity for governability of the normative state and supranational institutions (relativizing, in passing, the tour de force that exists between both levels of government). Mainstream political science and sociology continue, as a general rule, to be paralyzed in incalculable attempts to model voter and party preferences, and to emphasize strongly the «culture wars» on the political battlefields, thereby overshadowing the contingent links and historical contradictions between the world of ideas, individual and collective sensibilities, and economic relations. This paper concludes with four general ideas that challenge the dominant political discourse; first, the malaise of democratic institutions and of democracy in general is the result of a global decadence of post-industrial societies; Second, the meteoric and ecumenical rise of extreme right-wing, chauvinist and xenophobic political parties (the rivals of liberal democracy) is not an accident of history; its archaeological origin must be sought among the remains of social ruins left in its wake by the neoliberal earthquake. Third, the conditions of instability and uncertainty of the 1970s, which began in the United States and soon spread throughout the world, created the underlying objective conditions for the subjective forces of neoliberal ideas to directly influence society as a whole. And, finally, to invoke the thinkers of the Enlightenment and particularly the body of liberal ideas to support the antisocial measures of the neoliberal regimes, ignoring, moreover, the enormous distance that separates their theoretical models from our reality is, to say the least, an anachronism and an ahistorical misrepresentation.\u0000 Este ensayo pretende reexaminar y aspira a revitalizar el inagotable debate sobre la crisis de las democracias contemporáneas. La tesis fundamental es que las teorías de la crisis en general y las de la democracia en particular, desde las ya clásicas de Frankfurt hasta ciertas corrientes neomarxistas y poskeynesianas, han subestimado como fuerzas socialmente estratégicas a la tríada capital, capitalistas y mercado (y su dinámica expansiva virtualmente ilimitada), al mismo tiempo que han confiado excesivamente en la capacidad política de gobernabilidad del Estado normativo y de las instituciones supranacionales (relativizando, de paso, el tour de force que existe entre ambos niveles de gobierno). La ciencia política y la sociología predominantes continúa","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128099234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La teoría política de la derecha radical","authors":"Joan Antón-Mellón, Ismael Seijo Boado","doi":"10.6018/reg.559591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.559591","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explain the political theory of the contemporaneous radical right. To do this, their core concepts and how they have been theoretically conceptualized by their cultural referents will be studied. First, it locates radical right within the framework of the far-right, understanding its differences with the extreme right and showing its internal heterogeneity. Then, the cultural referent that have shaped the political theory of the radical right are addressed, specifically four tendencies: the European New Right (ND) of Benoist and Faye (as the main ideological matrix of the radical right), the neotraditionalism of Evola and Dugin, the alt-right of Bannon and the radicalized conservatism of Scruton and Olavo de Carvalho. Finally, the political theory of the radical right is described, marked by a decadentist diagnosis of the society, ethnonationalists objectives and metapolitical and reformist means.\u0000 El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explicitar la teoría política de la derecha radical contemporánea. Para ello, se estudiarán sus ideas-fuerza y cómo han sido teóricamente conceptualizada por sus referentes culturales. En primer lugar, se sitúa a la derecha radical dentro del marco de la ultraderecha, entendiendo sus diferencias con la extrema derecha y mostrando su heterogeneidad interna. Después, se atienden a los referentes culturales que han configurado la teoría política de la derecha radical, concretamente a cuatro corrientes: la Nueva Derecha Europea (ND) de Benoist y Faye (como principal matriz ideológica de la derecha radical), el neotradicionalismo de Evola y Dugin, la alt-right de Bannon y el conservadurismo radicalizado de Scruton y Olavo de Carvalho. Finalmente, se describe la teoría política de la derecha radical marcada por un diagnóstico decadentista de la sociedad, unos objetivos etnonacionalistas y unos medios metapolíticos y reformistas.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125970896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex Oriente lux. El rechazo de Occidente y sus consecuencias sociales y políticas","authors":"H. Mansilla","doi":"10.6018/reg.576121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.576121","url":null,"abstract":"Today in an important portion of the Third World it is usual to believe that the philosophical thinking, the practical wisdom, and the right political doctrine have been not originated in Western Europe, but in Africa and Asia. In the 19th century the romantic movement started a new and positive vision about the Orient in order to establish an alternative to the detested Western rationalism. Today this vision praises above all the historical, political, and economic function of the Chinese civilization, which now is reaching the level that it had always deserved. The dangerous aspect of this doctrine lies in the fact that by means of very popular arguments it lets fall the positive aspects of Western modernity: rationalism, pluralistic democracy, and the conception of human rights.\u0000 En buena parte del Tercer Mundo se cree hoy que el pensamiento filosófico, la sabiduría práctica y la doctrina política correcta no se han originado en Europa occidental, sino en África y Asia. En el siglo XIX el movimiento romántico inició una visión nueva y positiva acerca del Oriente para establecer una alternativa al detestado racionalismo occidental. Hoy esta visión enaltece ante todo el rol histórico, político y económico de la civilización china, que ahora estaría alcanzando el nivel que siempre le correspondió. Lo peligroso de estas teorías es que mediante argumentos muy populares dejan a un lado lo positivo de la modernidad occidental: el racionalismo, la democracia pluralista y la concepción de los derechos humanos.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127349271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If Fascism Is Not Really On the March, Then Why the Constant ‘Brown Scares’?","authors":"T. Bar-On","doi":"10.6018/reg.576091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.576091","url":null,"abstract":"¿Qué es exactamente el fascismo? Los fascistas se veían a sí mismos como creadores de la unidad entre el capital y el trabajo y el fascismo como una ideología revolucionaria antiliberal, anticomunista y anticonservadora, que mezcla ideales ultranacionalistas antiliberales y marxistas revisionistas, y que nació durante las múltiples crisis de los años de entreguerras. Es un tipo de \"socialismo\" en nombre de la nación, que supuestamente renace tras un periodo de decadencia y declive. Los fascistas son, por tanto, anticapitalistas (y anticomunistas) y, por extensión, \"antimaterialistas\". Pretenden crear una comunidad nacional unificada, que no se vea desgarrada por las divisiones de las desigualdades capitalistas ni por el enfrentamiento comunista entre burguesía y proletariado. Los fascistas consideran que el liberalismo, el sistema parlamentario y los legados igualitarios y de derechos de las revoluciones estadounidense y francesa son individualistas y, por tanto, antitéticos a la causa primordial de la nación.\u0000 Today “Brown Scares” are the order of the day in many countries in Europe and the Americas. Why is this the case in anti-fascist age when fascism is not really on the march? I want to advance the argument that there are few fascists remaining today in Euro-American societies, but that “Brown Scares” have been revived in various decades since the 1950s. These “Brown Scares” are used by the establishment to undermine political opponents and to engage in more authoritarian mechanisms against enemies of the current pro-liberal and pro-capitalist establishment.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"317 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116120476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guerra Fría e historiadores anglosajones","authors":"Paul Preston","doi":"10.6018/reg.576241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.576241","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a study by australian historian Darryl Burrowes are analyzed, the life trajectories and works, of great significance and transcendence, of four important writers: George Orwell, Gerald Brenan, Burnett Bolloten and Herbert Rutledge Southworth about the Spanish Civil War. The historian addresses the extent to which the perceptions of the conflict of the four writers were influenced by the Cold War period and by the greater or lesser influence of the two anglo-saxon agencies that were decisive in shaping public opinion and cultural policy during those years in relation to contemporary politics and recent history: the Information Research Department of the British Foreign Office and the American Congress for Cultural Freedom.\u0000 A partir del estudio del historiador australiano Darryl Burrowes se analizan las trayectorias vitales y las obras, de gran significación y trascendencia, de cuatro importantes escritores: George Orwell, Gerald Brenan, Burnett Bolloten y Herbert Rutledge Southworth sobre la Guerra Civil española. El historiador aborda en qué medida las percepciones sobre el conflicto de los cuatro escritores se vieron influidas por el período de la Guerra Fría y por la mayor o menor influencia de las dos agencias anglosajonas determinantes en la configuración de la opinión pública y de la política cultural durante esos años en relación con la política contemporánea y la historia reciente: el Departamento de Investigación Informativa del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores en Gran Bretaña y el Congreso Americano por la Libertad Cultural.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflexiones sobre lo particular y lo universal: Unidad y diversidad en la vida social y en la teoría social","authors":"Wolfgang Streeck","doi":"10.6018/reg.576101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.576101","url":null,"abstract":"How do the general and the specific, or unity and diversity, relate in social life and political practice? The essay investigates four areas of social theory that may be fruitfully explored in terms of a constitutive tension between universal and local forces: endogenous institutional change, the role of intermediary organizations in the governance of industrial relations, nation–building, and the origin of capitalist diversity.\u0000 ¿Cómo se relacionan lo general y lo particular, o la unidad y la diversidad, en la vida social y la práctica política? En este ensayo Wolfgang Streeck investiga cuatro áreas de la teoría social que pueden ser fructíferamente exploradas en términos de una tensión constitutiva entre fuerzas universales y locales: el cambio institucional endógeno, el papel de las organizaciones intermediarias en el gobierno de las relaciones industriales, la construcción de naciones y, por último, el origen de las variedades o diversidad del capitalismo.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociología Global: Hacia un Paradigma Alternativo desde el Sur","authors":"R. Munck","doi":"10.6018/reg.553661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.553661","url":null,"abstract":"The project to (re)construct a global sociology is one where there is no agreed paradigm or even a shared understanding of the main issues that would be needed to secure a new robust and credible paradigm. What I seek to do here is to simply clarify the terms of the debate so as to establish whether we might pursue the quest for an alternative paradigm with some conviction. I first consider the ‘strong case’ for a global sociology based on the assumptions of globalisation theory which, overall, seems to suffer from economism in my view. Next I present a postcolonial perspective which posits a fundamental division between the global South and the North, an enterprise I find to be marked by a certain culturalism. I then present elements for an alternative approach towards a new paradigm based on an understanding of complexity, uneven development and the politics of scale. A brief Latin American excursus at the end seeks to provide some texture to the overall argument that a new global sociology could develop through a critical Southern lens and a focus on cultural political economy.\u0000 En el proyecto para (re)construir una sociología global no hay un paradigma acordado, ni siquiera una comprensión compartida de las principales cuestiones que serían necesarias para lograr un nuevo modelo robusto y creíble. Lo que intentaré aquí es únicamente clarificar los términos del debate para determinar cómo deberíamos perseguir con convicción la búsqueda de este paradigma alternativo. En primer lugar, abordo la “gran cuestión” de una sociología global basada en los supuestos de la teoría de la globalización que, en general, adolece de economismo desde mi punto de vista. Posteriormente, presento una perspectiva postcolonial que plantea una división fundamental entre el Sur y el Norte global, una iniciativa que encuentro marcada por un cierto culturalismo. Adicionalmente, ofrezco elementos para un enfoque alternativo hacia un nuevo modelo basado en una comprensión de la complejidad, el desarrollo desigual y las políticas de escala. Una breve digresión latinoamericana al final del artículo tiene el propósito de realizar una aportación al debate general sobre una nueva sociología global que podría desarrollarse a través de una perspectiva crítica desde el Sur y un enfoque en la economía política cultural.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116088568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic metamorphosis in the 21st century","authors":"José María García Martínez","doi":"10.6018/reg.554721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.554721","url":null,"abstract":"On 21st century, capitalist development process is going through important economic, political, social and cultural transformation. On this paper I try to contribute with a brief synthesis of some relevant factors related with these political transformations, analyzing the new political battlefield between a nationalism faced against globalization and 21st century progressivism, reflecting on the role of traditional left and socialist movements on the public space of politics opened by the new conditions of contemporary globalization and the harmful consequences of the neoliberal policy spread throughout the world since the last years of 20st century.\u0000 En el siglo XXI, el proceso de desarrollo capitalista está atravesando por importantes transformaciones económicas, políticas, sociales y culturales. En el presente artículo se realiza una breve síntesis de algunos factores relevantes relacionados con estas transformaciones políticas, analizando el nuevo campo de batalla político entre el nacionalismo enfrentado a la globalización y la corriente política progresista surgida en el siglo XXI, reflexionando sobre el papel que juegan los tradicionales movimientos socialistas y de izquierda en el espacio público de la política abierto por las nuevas condiciones de la globalización contemporánea y las severas consecuencias de la política neoliberal extendida por todo el mundo desde finales del siglo XX.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124912003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Los ensayos de actualización del marxismo y el peligro de justificar una tecnocracia autoritaria","authors":"H. Mansilla","doi":"10.6018/reg.553641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.553641","url":null,"abstract":"This essay displays the central factors which animate the cyclical attempts to renew Marxism, which also had in Latin America noteworthy representatives. These attempts generally follow the way started by Georg Lukács. He separated the methodological core of Marxism from the concrete results of Marxist analyses. The core rests always valid and true, while the specific results may contain errors which do not affect the essential quality of Marxism. The danger lies in legitimizing the intellectuals who master the Marxist method and thus can build a political and technocratic elite, which would be armoured against any critique.\u0000 El texto muestra los factores centrales que animan los intentos cíclicos de renovar el marxismo, que también en América Latina han tenido representantes notables. En general estos intentos prosiguen la senda iniciada por Georg Lukács, quien separó el núcleo metodológico del marxismo de los resultados concretos a que llegan los análisis marxistas. El núcleo siempre es válido y verdadero, mientras que los resultados específicos pueden contener errores que no afectan la calidad esencial del marxismo. El peligro reside en legitimar a los intelectuales que dominan el método marxista, quienes pueden constituir una élite política y tecnocrática que estaría blindada contra toda crítica.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128258457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflación, Economía de Mercado y Guerra de Clases","authors":"Richard D. Wolff","doi":"10.6018/reg.554601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6018/reg.554601","url":null,"abstract":"Richard D. Wolff carries out a caustic and solid critique against the conventional perspective that presents inflation as a natural phenomenon of the adjustment of the universal law of supply and demand. Nothing could be further from the truth, behind the recent rise in prices there is a class war and a dislocated market economy led by a minority elite that intends to further squeeze a citizenry sunk by debt and the meteoric rise of the interest rates. Wolff also offers a number of anti-inflationary policy alternatives recorded in US history that were able to reduce inflation and inequality.\u0000 Richard D. Wolff realiza una caustica y sólida crítica contra la perspectiva convencional que presenta la inflación como un fenómeno natural del ajuste de la ley universal de la oferta y de la demanda. Nada más lejos de la realidad, detrás de la reciente subida de precios hay una guerra de clases y una economía dislocada de mercado a cuyos mandos de control se encuentra una minoría elitaria que pretende exprimir aún más a una ciudadanía hundida por la deuda y el ascenso meteórico de los tipos de interés. Wolff ofrece, además, una serie de alternativas políticas antiinflacionarias que en el pasado estadounidense contuvieron la inflación y el aumento de la desigualdad.","PeriodicalId":239844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Globales. Análisis Histórico y Cambio Social","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125526502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}