Waste management最新文献

{"title":"Recovery of multiple polyol grades from complex flexible polyurethane foams by depolymerization with alkanolamines","authors":"Zoë De Herdt ,&nbsp;Muhammad Adeel ,&nbsp;Lukasz Pazdur ,&nbsp;Matthew Porters ,&nbsp;Victor Beeckmans ,&nbsp;Jonas Cassimon ,&nbsp;Christophe M.L. Vande Velde ,&nbsp;Pieter Billen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical recycling of polyurethane (PU) foams is limited by their chemical complexity, especially in multi-polyol formulations, resulting in low recovery rates of high-value products. This study presents a novel chemical depolymerization approach using diethanolamine (DEA) to achieve three-phase separation and maximize recovery of aromatic amines derived from isocyanates. Reaction parameters including temperature, reaction time, and DEA:PU ratio were evaluated, identifying optimal conditions (240 °C, 30 <!--> <!-->min, DEA:PU 2:1 by mass) that consistently produced a clear three-phase separation and yielded methylenedianiline (MDA) at 89 % of the theoretical maximum. Layer analysis revealed a distinct component distribution: the top and middle phases contained mainly polyols (82.7 % Polyol 1, 87.4 % Polyol 2, respectively), while the bottom phase was predominantly MDA and unreacted DEA. Urea-containing intermediates formed under milder conditions, gradually decomposing into aromatic amines under extended reaction times, revealed aminolysis as the dominant reaction pathway. The method was successfully applied to MDI- and TDI-based foams, with up to five polyols, and to mixed foams, demonstrating robustness and versatility. A predictive test, mixing polyols and cleaving agents at room temperature, reliably indicated the feasibility of three-phase separation even before depolymerization. Testing other cleaving agents showed that alkanolamines with primary or secondary amines, such as 2-aminoethanol, can also induce three-phase separation. The potential of other amines requires further investigation for optimized and efficient macroscopic phase separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 115340"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable discharge of lithium-ion batteries using coconut water: a natural alternative to chloride-based electrolytes","authors":"Helton Rogger Regatieri,&nbsp;Hugo Ferreira dos Santos,&nbsp;Ruan Vinícius Rocha Damaceno,&nbsp;Henrique Cesar Linhares Almeida,&nbsp;José Ricardo Cezar Salgado","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neutralization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) prior to recycling is a crucial safety step to avoid short circuits, thermal runaway, or toxic emissions. Conventional protocols commonly rely on chloride-based aqueous solutions, such as NaCl or KCl, which accelerate discharge due to their high ionic conductivity. However, these electrolytes present risks associated with corrosion and environmental contamination. In this study, coconut water as a natural and biodegradable alternative for discharging LIBs has been investigated. Aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl (1.0–3.0 mol L⁻¹), as well as commercial coconut water, both within and beyond expiration dates, were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Coconut water demonstrated slower yet stable discharge behavior, achieving complete battery neutralization within 28 h, with no evidence of casing corrosion. Its ionic content, primarily K⁺, was sufficient to support low-risk, long-duration discharge processes. Additionally, expired coconut water performed similarly to non-expired samples, indicating suitability for repurposing food-grade waste. This work highlights coconut water as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to synthetic electrolytes in decentralized recycling workflows, aligning with circular economy principles and reducing the environmental burden of battery end-of-life management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 115321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual catalytic system using industrial solid waste and zeolite for enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon conversion from waste bamboo biomass","authors":"Jingchao Wei ,&nbsp;Bangda Wang ,&nbsp;Tongxiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Fei Gong ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Quanwei Lv ,&nbsp;Ziheng Jin ,&nbsp;Shouliang Yi ,&nbsp;Xia Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study developed a dual-catalyst system combining typical industrial solid waste (i.e. red mud, coal fly ash, blast furnace slag, red gypsum and anode slag) and zeolite in synergistically promoting the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of waste bamboo biomass for aromatics production. The results demonstrated that industrial solid wastes significantly enhanced deoxygenation and decreased the oxygenated compound content by 2.60 % to 26.26 % compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis. Notably, red gypsum exhibited the most pronounced effect, increasing the content of aromatic precursors, such as hydrocarbons, by 21.82 %. In the dual-catalyst system, the red gypsum/HBeta (H-form Beta zeolite) combination (1:1 ratio) attained a total aromatics relative content of 43.58 % at 550°C, representing a 30.79 % improvement over single HBeta. Moreover, the contents of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX) increased by 37.27 % and 49.29 %, respectively. The improved aromatics content was primarily attributed to the abundant reactive oxides and hierarchical pore structure within the dual-catalyst CFP (DC-CFP). In the DC-CFP, the mesopores of the industrial solid waste promote the diffusion of macromolecules produced by pyrolysis, while lattice oxygen transfer from Fe₂O₃ (28.29 %) in red gypsum facilitates the cleavage of the C–O, C=O and C–C bond to yield small-molecule precursors. These intermediates then undergo aromatization driven by the acidic sites of the microporous HBeta zeolite, synergistically enhancing aromatics content and offering a novel approach for utilizing industrial solid waste resources and biomass energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 115342"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric Vehicle Batteries Recycling: A Review","authors":"Behzad Esmaeilian ,&nbsp;Yaohong Xiao ,&nbsp;Gagan K. Goyal ,&nbsp;Lei Zuo ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Sara Behdad","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of electric vehicles has created an urgent need for practical end-of-life lithium-ion battery recycling systems that are technically competent, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable. To clarify these growing technical and systemic challenges, a detailed synthesis of the existing body of knowledge is required. This review systematically analyzes the EV battery recycling literature retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From an initial set of about 1,700 publications, 130 studies were selected through structured screening for methodological relevance and technical analyses. The review is structured around four major topics: (1) collection and infrastructure planning, (2) recycling technologies, (3) digital and automation technologies, and (4) lifecycle and techno-economic assessments. For collection and infrastructure planning, the literature on game-theoretic and reverse logistics models show that coordinated networks and policy-driven incentives considerably improve collection outcomes and economic performance. In the area of recycling technologies, studies discuss that mechanical disassembly is mainly manual due to design heterogeneity and safety risks; while emerging robotic solutions deliver operational improvements. Pyrometallurgy provides robust throughput but is energy-intensive, hydrometallurgy facilitates selective recovery, supercritical and electrochemical routes offer cleaner options, and direct regeneration supports closed-loop circularity but requires scale-up. About digital and automation technologies, AI supports advanced diagnostics, robotics increases flexibility, digital twins facilitate predictive control, and digital product passports advance traceability but face governance and standardization challenges. Also, in the lifecycle assessment and techno-economic assessments domain, studies suggest that logistics and collection rates dominate cost and emission profiles, with siting optimization and automation driving measurable improvements. The synthesis of literature also identifies three future research directions: intelligent hybrid systems, information recovery systems, and resilient value networks which emphasize the need for digitally connected policy-aligned recycling infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 115302"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term leachability and stabilization of lead and cadmium co-contaminated soils using hydroxyapatite-modified drinking water treated sludge","authors":"Zijun Ye ,&nbsp;Haonan Cong ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Benyi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyapatite (HAP) modified drinking water treated sludge (DWTS) was developed for the remediation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) co-contaminated soils, thereby simultaneously achieving the dual objectives of solid waste management and contaminated site remediation. However, long-term leachability and stabilization of Pb and Cd co-contaminated soils under environmental exposure were not very clear. In this work, batch stabilization tests, freeze–thaw cycles, soil column leaching test, and wet-dry cycles were conducted. The results showed that HAP and DWTS mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 (2H‑DWTS) and applied at 5 % (w/w) with 14 days of incubation stabilized the leaching concentrations of Pb and Cd at 0.05 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L, respectively. 2H‑DWTS stabilized Pb and Cd through dissolution-precipitation, cation exchange, and adsorption/complexation, resulting in the formation of insoluble phosphates, carbonates, and hydroxides. The 2H‑DWTS treated soil showed strong resistance to freeze-thaw‑induced deterioration, with Pb and Cd leaching concentrations increasing by only 0.09 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L, respectively, after 12 cycles. In the soil column leaching tests, 2H‑DWTS reduced the cumulative leaching of Pb and Cd by 28.7 % and 26.5 %, respectively, under CaCl₂ solution, and by 24.6 % and 47.3 %, respectively, under simulated acid rain. Wet-dry cycles combined with CaCl₂/simulated acid rain aging decreased the leaching concentrations in each cycle but led to an increase in the cumulative leaching concentrations. This study not only provides new insights into the management of DWTS but also lays a theoretical foundation for the application of H-DWTS composites in the remediation of Pb and Cd co-contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 115320"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming coal washery rejects into carbon nanomaterials via microwave pyrolysis for waste to value conversion","authors":"Burada Shravani ,&nbsp;Navneet Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Shavi Agrawal ,&nbsp;Anurag Shakya ,&nbsp;B.Rajasekhar Reddy ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Dishwar","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a sustainable approach for converting coal washery rejects into high-value carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) using microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis. Initial characterization of the raw coal tailings revealed a high fixed carbon content (40.27 wt%) and calorific value (20.4 MJ/Kg). Through beneficiation techniques such as froth flotation and oil agglomeration, the carbon content was enhanced to 73.97<!--> <!-->–<!--> <!-->75.93 wt% with an increased calorific value of 27.2<!--> <!-->–<!--> <!-->30.7 MJ/Kg. The cleaned coal concentrate was subjected to microwave pyrolysis in the presence of Fe-based catalysts. Under optimized conditions (810 W microwave power, 45 µm catalyst particle size, and 2:1 coal-to-catalyst ratio), the process resulted in a 66.5 % yield of carbon nanomaterials with up to 80 % purity. Varying these parameters influenced the morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials, producing carbon nanotubes with an average length of 1.41 µm and diameter of 80.22 nm. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed an I_D/I_G ratio ∼ 1 for the optimized samples, indicating a high degree of graphitization, while XRD confirmed the presence of crystalline graphite (0<!--> <!-->0<!--> <!-->2) planes at 2theta ∼ 26°. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of transforming high-ash coal waste into functional carbon nanostructures via a controlled microwave-heating route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 115319"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified red mud catalysts for enhanced bio-crude yield and metal retention in hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood","authors":"Seyedmohammad Mousavi,&nbsp;Martina Damizia,&nbsp;Maria Paola Bracciale,&nbsp;Roya Hamidi,&nbsp;Sogand Musivand,&nbsp;Paolo De Filippis,&nbsp;Benedetta de Caprariis","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising route for biofuel production, but the resulting bio-crude suffers from low quality, high metal content, and poor stability. This study explores the use of red mud (RM), a metal oxide-rich industrial waste, as a low-cost catalyst and hydrogen producer to enhance bio-crude yield and stability during the HTL of oak wood. To enhance RM performance, it was modified through thermal treatment, acid washing, and reduction. The study aimed not only to improve bio-crude yield and quality but also to assess the impact of these treatments on the migration of metals into the oil and aqueous phases. The acid-washed and reduced RM showed the best catalytic activity, reaching a bio-crude yield of almost 50 %. This was attributed to its high surface area which increased from 14.9 to 49.1 m²/g and consequently, enhanced iron availability, which promoted in-situ hydrogen generation. As revealed by the characterization of the samples, acid treatment led to the formation of a stable FeTiO3 (ilmenite) phase, which enabled the complete reduction and reoxidation of Fe during the process. The presence of ilmenite also significantly minimized Fe leaching into both oil and water phases, the amount of Fe in the bio-crude decreases from 2330 to 42.5 ppm. Bio-crudes obtained with both catalysts showed high H/C ratios and carbon recoveries up to 67 %. These results demonstrate the potential of modified RM as a sustainable catalyst in HTL, offering a valuable route for waste valorization and reducing the need for expensive bio-crude upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature and material thickness on the diffusion properties of bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) in waste containment systems","authors":"A.M. Arif ,&nbsp;F.B. Abdelaal","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diffusion behaviour of four elastomeric bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) from two manufacturers and with different thicknesses is investigated to assess the effects of temperature, thickness, and formulation on their performance as diffusive barriers for solid waste containment applications. All BGMs examined had a 0.012 mm anti-root polyester (PET) film at their bottom surfaces. Diffusion tests are conducted on the as-received BGMs and the BGM components (the isolated PET film, and a modified BGM sample obtained by removing the PET film from the as-received material) at 24 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C. The diffusion parameters inferred at the three test temperatures were used to generate theoretical concentration profiles, which closely matched the experimental data, thereby validating the use of a two-layer modelling approach that treats BGMs as a multilayer composite material. Results demonstrated a clear increase in the diffusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with temperature through the as-received BGM and its different components, with the PET film providing the main resistance to VOC migration. Additionally, it is shown that thicker BGMs exhibited longer times to equilibrium, consistent with a reduced rate of permeation resulting from extended diffusion pathways. However, BGMs from the same manufacturer exhibited comparable diffusion parameters regardless of thickness. These findings highlight the need for material-specific composition testing in diffusive performance assessments. They also show the key role of temperature and the PET film in controlling the VOC migration through BGMs in containment barrier systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in solid waste streams: Research needs and gaps in research methodology","authors":"Victoria C. Hoffmann,&nbsp;Olya S. Keen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade, the presence of microplastics in municipal waste streams has become increasingly recognized as a significant environmental issue. While most studies have focused on liquid waste, specifically wastewater treatment plants, as a primary source of microplastic contamination, emerging research has begun to highlight solid waste systems. This review evaluates forty-six peer-reviewed studies reporting microplastic concentrations in landfill leachate, digestate from anaerobic digesters, composting facilities, and recycling operations. The concentrations of microplastics in these systems remain sparsely explored, and among available studies, methodological inconsistencies limit reproducibility and synthesis. The inconsistencies identified in this review included omitting essential sample processing steps, minimal reporting of detection limits for analytical instruments, and limited documentation of tactics for reducing inevitable laboratory contamination. These gaps highlight the importance of developing standardized methodologies and transparent reporting practices that account for sampling design, analytical sensitivities, and contamination control. This review synthesizes recent methodological trends, identifies key information to report, and proposes foundational elements for a more unified approach to microplastic analysis in solid waste streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of HTC products from olive tree prunings in soil: Agricultural amendment or biopesticide depending on phytotoxicity","authors":"J.M. Díaz-Rasero ,&nbsp;T. Sosa ,&nbsp;B. Ledesma ,&nbsp;M. Grande ,&nbsp;S. Román","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) products (both hydrochars, (HC), and process water, (PW) derived from olive tree pruning, on the development of lettuce plants (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>). HTC was performed under varying conditions (temperature 200–220 °C and biomass to water load, 1/5 and 1/12 wt./wt.) and both HC and PW characterized by suitable physico-chemical analyses. It was found that not only their processing conditions but also the amount at which these HTC products were added affected their performance when added to the seeds or plants. In the case of HCs, germination and phytotoxicity tests on lettuce seeds promoted root growth at low concentrations (0.5 %) and inhibited germination and seedling development at higher concentrations (≥2%). The effect of PWs was linked by the biomass load used in HTC: lower ratios showed phytotoxicity, while more diluted options were not detrimental. These findings underscore the dual potential of HTC products as fertilizers or herbicides, contingent on processing and application parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115280"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}