Waste management最新文献

{"title":"Oxy-steam fluidized bed co-gasification of plastic wastes and biomass: experimental study and CFD simulation","authors":"Ashish Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Hassan Khodaei ,&nbsp;Sushil Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste management remains a challenge due to low recycling rates and slow degradation. Gasification offers a solution by converting plastic waste into syngas, which can be used as fuel or for hydrogen production. While fluidized bed co-gasification of plastics at high temperatures has been widely studied, research on low-temperature oxy-steam co-gasification of biomass and plastics is limited. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the co-gasification process at low-temperature (715–745 °C) using pine residue and plastics like polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Furthermore, numerous gasification models have been oversimplified by considering only a small subset of gasification reactions, often overlooking important reactions like tar cracking that significantly influence gasification performance. To address this, a Eulerian-Eulerian computational fluid dynamics model is combined with a detailed 1D chemical reaction model. This model includes thirteen chemical reactions (six oxidation reactions, five reduction reactions, and two tar-cracking reactions) to simulate the oxy-steam fluidized bed gasification of plastic wastes. The carbon conversion efficiencies (conversion of feedstock carbon into gas) of the co-gasification process ranged from 57.98 % for polystyrene-biomass (50/50) to 78.20 % for pure biomass. The model effectively predicted syngas compositions from the gasification of various plastics, achieving average root mean squared errors of less than 5 % for C₂–C₃, CH₄, CO, H₂, and CO₂ gases. The experimental data and kinetic models developed in this study will aid in the preliminary scale up and design for the industrial-scale low-temperature oxy-steam fluidized co-gasification of various plastic wastes and biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114931"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic contamination in different aged landfill mineralization","authors":"Fangfang Lou ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Sima ,&nbsp;Jiahui Lei ,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Qunxing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domestic landfills function as both significant sinks and sources of microplastics (MPs). Inadequate management and re-excavation of landfill mineralized refuse can lead to the release of these emerging contaminants into the surrounding environment, resulting in secondary pollution. Therefore, systematic risk assessments of MPs in landfills are crucial for understanding their environmental impact and informing mitigation strategies. This research investigated three landfills in economically diverse regions of Southeast China, including two sanitary landfills and one informal dump site. A uniform sampling and analytical approach, including solvent extraction and pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), was applied to quantify mixed MPs of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) across 68 mineralized refuse samples. The average MPs concentrations in the three landfills ranged from 0.44 to 1.56 g/ (kg mineralized refuse by mass), and 0.105 to 0.397 g/ (m³ mineralized refuse by volume). Sanitary landfills contained higher MPs levels due to prolonged degradation under harsh landfill conditions. However, despite its older landfill age, the dump site exhibited lower MPs concentrations but a higher diffusion threat due to the lack of effective preventive measures. This research demonstrated that MPs contamination risk was also driven by landfill age and regional economic status. These findings provide a quantitative basis for assessing MPs pollution in landfills and emphasize the need for targeted strategies to mitigate MPs release into the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114930"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational parameters regulate in-situ emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) during kitchen waste composting: Linking functional microbial dynamics to emission mitigation","authors":"Jiayi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Li ,&nbsp;Junsheng Xiong ,&nbsp;Hao Mei ,&nbsp;Weiqin Zhu ,&nbsp;Miaomiao He ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from kitchen waste composting plants causes significant environmental issues. This paper characterized the emission profiles of VOCs and GHGs from KW composting with different operating parameters. Quantitative results showed that emission intensities spanned 7.4-folds (VOCs: 196–1456 μg·m⁻³) to 8.2-folds (GHGs: 79–647 mg·m⁻³) between C1 (R₁M₁A₁) and C9 (R₃M₂A₃). Seven categories of VOCs were identified, with the ‘Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene’ (BTEX) group as the most abundant chemical family. Most VOCs (except for esters) and GHGs predominantly emerged post-thermophilic phase and declined as temperatures receded. Orthogonal experiments were performed to ascertain the impacts of parameters on emissions control, and considering emissions, efficiency, and costs, the optimal parameter combination was the C/N ratio of 35, AR of 0.6 L·kg^-1DM·min⁻¹, and MC of 60 %. High-throughput sequencing was utilized to identify functional microbes related to the gases transformation across C1 (R₁M₁A₁) and C9 (R₃M₂A₃) composting systems. <em>Acinetobacter</em> drove the initial release of alcohol and acid VOCs, <em>Pseudomonas</em> generated alcohols/sulfides during thermophilic phases, and sustained <em>Bacillus</em> correlated with ketone emissions. BTEX-degraders, represented by <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em>, declined post-thermophilically, coinciding with emission peaks. <em>Methanosaeta</em>-dominated methanogens promoted CH₄ generation, whereas methanotrophs (e.g., <em>Methylocystis</em>) subsequently converted CH₄ through multifunctional metabolism. Autotrophic nitrification (dominated by <em>Nitrobacter</em>) and heterotrophic denitrification (dominated by <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em>) drove N₂O generation, which can be regulated through oxygen diffusion and C/N ratio optimization. This paper would like provide theoretical guidance for the in-situ control of VOCs and GHGs in practical KW composting process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114935"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly recovery of cellulose acetate from combusted cigarette filters and reuse for membrane fabrication","authors":"Marco Friuli ,&nbsp;Claudia Grazioli ,&nbsp;Nauman Sattar ,&nbsp;Jasim Zia ,&nbsp;Roberta Del Sole ,&nbsp;Lucia Mergola ,&nbsp;Sudipto Pal ,&nbsp;Antonio Licciulli ,&nbsp;Christian Demitri ,&nbsp;Alessandro Sannino ,&nbsp;Leonardo Lamanna","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cigarette filters, widely discarded and slow to degrade, represent a significant source of environmental pollution. This study presents a novel eco-friendly protocol for recovering cellulose acetate (CA) from smoked cigarette butts using a solvent-based solubilization–desolubilization method with acetic acid as the green solvent. The novelty of this approach lies in its ability to extract and purify CA under mild conditions while avoiding toxic solvents and multi-step processing, commonly found in previous methods. The recovered cellulose acetate (RCA) was thoroughly characterised using FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, and mechanical testing, confirming its chemical and physical equivalence to commercial-grade CA. To validate the functional performance of the recycled material, RCA was repurposed into membranes and tested in a proof-of-concept study for water remediation. These preliminary tests involved the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), with removal efficiencies reaching 55.1 ± 4.8 %, and up to 92.0 ± 13.7 % upon surface modification with TiO₂ under solar lamp irradiation. While not the central focus of this work, the membrane experiments serve to confirm the applicability of RCA in established cellulose acetate use cases. Overall, this work highlights a scalable and sustainable strategy for converting cigarette filter waste into valuable polymeric materials, supporting circular economy principles and offering an alternative to conventional CA recovery processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114915"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and heavy metals emissions from healthcare waste management: A comparative life cycle assessment","authors":"Xiaojun Zheng ,&nbsp;Shan Zhong ,&nbsp;Ohidul Alam ,&nbsp;Syed Jawad Hossen ,&nbsp;Daolin Du","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Healthcare Waste Management</em> (HCWM) contributes to environmental pollution and health hazards. There are several established approaches to measure environmental and health impacts from HCWM. Amidst, <em>Life Cycle Assessment</em> (LCA) is one of the most popular tools to evaluate such impacts. This research was conducted to compare environmental impacts, and <em>Microplastics</em> (MPs) and <em>Heavy Metals</em> (HMs) emissions through LCA from HCWM between public and private <em>Healthcare Facilities</em> (HCFs) in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Five case studies were conducted based on the size of HCFs including one ideal scenario (developed with minimum impacts). The LCA was evaluated by SimaPro version 9.5.0.0 software and the ReCiPe 2016 method. Results revealed that private HCFs highly contributed to the eighteen studied impact categories. The main impact categories were human toxicity, global warming, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, acidification and resource scarcity. The existing common <em>Healthcare Waste</em> (HCW) disposal options were waste transport, open burning, recycling and dumping. The ranges of major impacts from HCWM were global warming (0.588–1.122 kg CO₂ eq), followed by human non-carcinogenic toxicity (0.002–0.003 kg CO₂ eq.) and ecotoxicity (0.000–0.001 kg CO₂ eq.). It demonstrated that dumping of HCW, landfill leachate, open burning/ incineration ash and recycling processes along with wastewater of recycling plants are the potential sources of HMs (up to 14480 mg/kg waste) and MPs (1906–7223 items/kg waste) pollution. This study demonstrates the potential levels of environmental impacts along with HMs and MPs emissions from the HCWM system, which will facilitate the relevant authorities and policy makers to adopt the required strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling approaches for data-driven model predictive control of acid gases in waste-to-energy plants","authors":"Senem Ozgen ,&nbsp;Andrea Wu ,&nbsp;Fredy Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic and environmental sustainability of waste-to-energy (WtE) plants can be improved through advanced control techniques such as model predictive control (MPC), which enables stricter regulation by incorporating constraints, handling multiple objectives, and projecting system behavior forward in time. To be effective, MPC requires accurate process models. Due to the complexity and variability of WtE processes, data-driven modeling offers a more practical and flexible alternative to first-principles approaches, making it well-suited for use in data-driven MPC (DDMPC).</div><div>This study tested several approaches for modeling HCl abatement in WtE plants using routine monitoring data, aiming to identify models suitable for DDMPC. A key part of the process was careful data preprocessing to ensure continuity and reliable results. Various model structures were explored, starting with linear models, then enhancing them with nonlinear transformations (e.g., squared and cubic), and ultimately using fully nonlinear models to capture highly nonlinear behaviors.</div><div>Among the tested structures, the nonlinear ARX (AutoRegressive with eXogenous input) model with Neural Networks as the nonlinear mapping function for the model output yielded the best overall performance. However, the study showed that a simpler model, defined by fewer parameters, can still effectively capture the HCl removal dynamics in the investigated plant. The linear ARMAX (AutoRegressive Moving Average with eXogenous input) model, with its simpler structure, is sufficient for this purpose and is preferred for DDMPC development due to its lower computational cost and suitability for real-time optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114902"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching of aluminium from post-consumer beverage packaging residual PolyAl using biogenic organic acids: Towards low-cost, sustainable recycling","authors":"Jhonny Pinaya ,&nbsp;Yuliia Boiko ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ismail ,&nbsp;Jan Wahlberg ,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Pyo ,&nbsp;Virginia A. Vargas ,&nbsp;Rajni Hatti-Kaul","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic packaging provides enormous benefits for preservation and transportation of food and beverage products. However, recycling the multilayered packaging materials represents a challenge due to the complexity of separating the components making up the different layers. The drinks packaging, having aluminium (Al) as a light barrier placed between polyethylene layers inside the paperboard carton, comprises a significant category of post-consumer waste in need of complete recycling. Microbially produced organic acids are gaining attention for recovery of metals from industrial residues. This report presents a study on evaluation of acetic- and gluconic acid, which are known to be produced by acetic acid bacteria, for leaching out the Al from Tetra Pak PolyAl material remaining after removal of the paperboard. By using Taguchi design technique L₉ (3)⁴, optimal conditions for 100 % Al leaching from 1 % (w/v) PolyAl (0.4 cm²) were determined to be treatment at pH 1 and 50 °C with 0.25 M acetic acid for 6 days or 1 M gluconic acid for 15 days. Increasing the PolyAl concentration to 2 % w/v and particle size to 4 cm² resulted in increase in the time for maximal Al leaching. Various microscopic, spectroscopic and thermal analyses techniques confirmed the removal of Al and revealed no notable change in the properties of the residual PE. The metal released was recovered nearly quantitatively (99.5 %) by precipitation as Al(OH)₃ only from the acetic acid leachate. The results indicate the potential of the leaching method in providing a greener route for recycling the Al containing packaging material using biogenic organic acids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114913"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of environmental and economic impacts of the entire EU waste management system","authors":"J.H. Sund ,&nbsp;P.F. Albizzati ,&nbsp;C. Scheutz ,&nbsp;D. Tonini","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive model that quantifies environmental and economic impacts across the entire EU27 waste management system using Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing. Addressing a crucial gap in official statistics, this model evaluates waste from both collected and generated perspectives, providing insights into the significant portion of waste (approximately 171 Mt annually) classified as mixed waste (also commonly referred to as “mixed residual waste” or “residual waste”). Results demonstrate that assessing waste from both perspectives effectively identifies inefficiencies in collection and treatment systems, revealing critical waste groups and high-impact processes. Although the waste management system as a whole shows net climate benefits, these are mainly related to metals, and the overall modest savings underscore the need for targeted improvements. Our findings highlight that net impacts on Climate Change are driven mainly by management of mineral waste and biowaste, and the incineration of plastic and textiles misallocated to mixed waste, while internal and external costs are highest for mineral waste and biowaste.</div><div>While current EU policies focus prevalently on plastic and textiles, our findings indicate that biowaste, mineral waste and sludge require renewed attention, with special efforts needed to reduce misallocations of recyclable waste to mixed waste. Improving reporting standards, especially to monitor mixed waste more accurately, could help identify misallocation patterns. This model offers policymakers a valuable tool for assessing scenarios, investment decisions, and advancing the EU’s circular economy objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114910"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-scale stirred tank enzymatic bioleaching system for metal recovery from PCBs of end-of-life mobile phones: Process parameter optimization, predictive modelling, and economic assessment","authors":"Amber Trivedi,&nbsp;Subrata Hait","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocatalysts like enzymes have proven to be faster and efficient in metal bioleaching from printed circuit boards (PCBs) than microbe-mediated bioleaching. However, studies on enzymatic metal bioleaching from PCBs are mainly confined to the shake-flask level. Therefore, it is essential to scale-up the process in a semi-scale stirred tank reactor (STR) for commercial applicability. In this study, enzymatic bioleaching of metals from mobile phone PCBs was performed in a semi-scale STR (working volume: 5 L) with optimization and predictive modelling employing response surface methodology (RSM) and machine learning (ML) tools, i.e., support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively. Process variables, i.e., mixing speed (MS) (200–500 rpm) and pulp density (PD) (1–10 g/L) were optimized and content of glucose oxidase enzyme (300 U/L) and Fe²⁺ ions (20 mM) was kept constant. Selective chemical precipitation was also performed for targeted metals recovery from bioleachate. Further, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted to assess the economic viability of the integrated technique. Although the 5 L reactor limits commercial-scale analysis, it lays the foundation for future scale-up and cost optimization. Maximum of 90% Cu, 95% Ni, 96% Pb, and 99% Zn were bioleached at optimal conditions, viz., MS: 395 rpm and PD: 5 g/L. ANN-based ML model (R² &gt; 0.99) more accurately predicted enzymatic metal bioleaching than the SVM. Chemical precipitation recovered &gt; 98% of targeted metals. CBA showing a revenue of 0.0423 USD/kg PCB recycling with a payback period of about four years highlights the economic viability of the integrated technique at the semi-scale level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114916"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of alkali-silica reactivity behavior and mitigation in waste-to-energy bottom ash for sustainable aggregate use in concrete","authors":"Kate D. Weiksnar ,&nbsp;Jordan K. Magnuson ,&nbsp;Ashish D. Patel ,&nbsp;Robbie Posada ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Ferraro ,&nbsp;Timothy G. Townsend","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The beneficial use of waste-to-energy (WTE) bottom ash (BA) as a recycled aggregate in concrete enhances sustainability by reducing reliance on virgin aggregates and diverting industrial waste from landfills. One of the most limiting challenges for this reuse opportunity includes the potential for alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) caused by elevated silica inherent to WTE BA glass and ceramic particles interacting with hydroxides introduced by cement. Two WTE BA-derived aggregates were investigated, and in both cases the test material demonstrated elevated ASR-induced expansion compared to control specimens. Beneficiation of the WTE BA through advanced metals recovery reduced ferrous and nonferrous metals and metallic slag compared to the unprocessed BA. Total element concentration between the two BA-amended aggregates demonstrated a decrease in trace elements such as Al, As, Pb, and Sb. Despite these techniques, specimens containing the processed BA still exhibited elevated ASR compared to control specimens. The addition of coal fly ash reduced ASR severity, although reactivity remained present. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) identified siliceous particles, including glass, ceramics, and slag, as primary contributors to ASR. This suggests that methods for targeted removal of reactive particles of these materials would be useful in reducing ASR and increasing WTE BA recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 114914"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}