Waste management最新文献

{"title":"Impact of sample pretreatment on analytical representativity in mechanical plastic recycling: A case study on brominated flame retardants","authors":"Krista Grönlund ,&nbsp;Ville H. Nissinen ,&nbsp;Joonas Mikkonen ,&nbsp;Ilkka Rytöluoto ,&nbsp;Mathilde Taveau ,&nbsp;Anna Tenhunen-Lunkka ,&nbsp;Jarkko J. Saarinen ,&nbsp;Janne Jänis","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The EU has restricted the use of certain brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in recycled plastics, yet standardized analytical workflows for their determination remain lacking. Mechanical recycling of plastics often produces heterogeneous material streams due to imperfect sorting, making sample pretreatment essential for obtaining representative results for legislative compliance. This study evaluated the impact of different sample pretreatment strategies on analytical representativity using a model feed of blue and white high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) flakes. The evaluated pretreatments included (1) direct injection molding, (2) melt-homogenization followed by injection molding, (3) cryogrinding followed by injection molding, and finally (4) cryogrinding combined with melt-homogenization and injection molding. The distribution of the blue-colored HIPS in the samples was assessed visually and using direct insertion probe mass spectrometry (DIP-MS). Additionally, BFR-containing samples were obtained from a mixture of HIPS and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). The distributions of total bromine and TBBPA in the specimens were evaluated using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and DIP-MS, respectively. Direct injection molding of the flake mixtures resulted in heterogeneous distributions, while cryogenic grinding or melt-homogenization prior to molding produced homogeneous samples. XRF analysis of BFR-containing samples revealed that melt-homogenized samples exhibited lower and more consistent bromine content compared to directly molded ones.<!--> <!-->DIP-MS was effective not only for additive identification but also for evaluating their spatial distribution. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for a standardized sample pretreatment protocol, which would enable reliable analysis of entire recycled plastic batches, ultimately improving the accuracy and effectiveness of plastic recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115083"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of landfill odors assessment: Advancing from stationary measurement to spatiotemporal monitoring","authors":"Syed Zohaib Hassan,&nbsp;Peng Patrick Sun,&nbsp;Jiannan Chen,&nbsp;Debra Reinhart","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Odor issues from landfills remain a persistent environmental challenge, exacerbated by the increasing urbanization and the decreasing proximity of residential areas to waste disposal sites. Conventional odor measurement methods (e.g., olfactometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) have been instrumental in studying landfill emissions and addressing odor complaints. However, these methods either rely on subjective human assessment or require bulky equipment, limiting their large-scale applications on landfill sites. Additionally, real-time odor measurement is hindered by the need for on-site air sampling followed by detailed panel or lab analysis. To overcome these limitations, there is a need to modernize landfill odor assessment through automation, enabling air sampling and analysis with rapid response to odor complaints. Scaling these odor sensors for instantaneous, widespread measurement presents challenges due to the complex and highly variable composition of landfill gaseous emissions. The primary odorants include volatile compounds (VCs) (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, ammonia) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons, organic acids). This work explores the current state-of-the-art olfactory-based and analytical-based methods for landfill odor assessment and examines the latest advancements in automated platforms for large-scale measurement, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). This work also discusses the integration of graphic information system (GIS) and digital twin (DT) technologies for high-resolution spatiotemporal odor mapping and multi-modal data analysis (e.g., zoning, building classifications). Furthermore, the study provides insights into the future convergence of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics, hybrid sensor technologies, and cost-effective scalable solutions to enhance landfill odor assessment and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115086"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous filter balls alternating internal structure of aerobic composting to drive rapid stabilization and efficient metabolic collaboration","authors":"Weizhen Chen ,&nbsp;Yingying He ,&nbsp;Yuankun Xiang ,&nbsp;Li Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-composting of food waste and agricultural residues offers a promising biotechnological solution for organic solid waste management, where oxygen availability critically governs efficiency. This study evaluated the impact of polypropylene-based porous filter balls (PFB) on composting performance. The results demonstrated that PFB addition elevated peak temperature by 10.1 % and reduced oxygen content by 11.2–55.3 % compared to the control (CK), indicating enhanced oxygen utilization through construction of transport channels. Meanwhile, PFB treatment accelerated organic matter and crude fiber degradation, shortening maturation time by 14 days while improving end-product quality. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix analysis confirmed enhanced humification, and physical characterization revealed a more porous structure with greater soil amendment potential. Microbial analysis showed that PFB addition enriched organic-degrading taxa (e.g., <em>Aeribacillus</em>) and strengthened metabolic cooperation. Metagenomic analysis further revealed upregulation of key pathways including dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, collectively improving nitrogen retention, degradation efficiency and humification. This study establishes PFB treatment as an effective oxygen-management strategy for enhancing composting efficiency and product quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115082"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of waste foundry dust as microwave susceptor in microwave treatment of mercury contaminated soil","authors":"Nagchoul Choi ,&nbsp;Kanghee Cho ,&nbsp;Soonjae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the use of waste foundry dust (WFD) as an effective microwave susceptor for the remediation of mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils. Two types of soils, carbonate-based and silicate-based were treated using conventional thermal desorption and microwave-assisted heating. The removal efficiency of Hg was evaluated in relation to soil composition, organic content, and heating method. Traditional thermal treatment achieved 99 % Hg removal in carbonate-rich soils at 500 °C, whereas only 86.7 % removal was observed in silicate-based soils under the same conditions. Microwave heating alone was insufficient to reach effective desorption temperatures, but the incorporation of WFD significantly enhanced heating efficiency by generating localized hotspots, resulting in &gt; 90 % Hg removal within 4 min. WFD demonstrated high thermal durability (up to 900 °C), reusability across multiple cycles, and superior microwave absorption due to its iron oxide content. While some degradation occurred after repeated use, WFD still provided sustainable and cost-effective remediation performance. The study highlights the critical role of soil composition in Hg desorption behavior and demonstrates WFD’s potential as a low-cost, high-efficiency susceptor. These findings suggest that WFD-assisted microwave heating is a promising technique for rapid, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible treatment of Hg-contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115081"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative utilization of organic cabin waste for hydrogen production: A case study at Antalya Airport","authors":"Ali Gunerhan ,&nbsp;Turker Burak Guven ,&nbsp;Hursit Degirmenci ,&nbsp;Onder Altuntas","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study suggested a way to produce valuable hydrogen from organic cabin waste collected at Antalya Airport, and it included energy and cost analyses of hydrogen production based on this method. In the proposed model, cabin waste is converted into biogas using anaerobic digestion technology, and hydrogen is produced from the biogas employing steam biogas reforming technology. Based on calculations, approximately 4126 m³/day of biogas can be produced from 148 tonnes/day of organic cabin waste. The annual hydrogen production capacity of the proposed model ranges from 186.78 to 231.64 tonnes. Calculations show that the minimum electricity consumption to produce 1 kg of hydrogen using steam biogas reforming technology is 21.75 kWh. Furthermore, the minimum selling price (MHSP) for 1 kg of hydrogen has been calculated as $5.67/kg. Conventional practices, such as land fertilization or incineration, are currently being utilized to recycle and make use of organic waste from cabins. The model presented in this study allows the production of hydrogen at a competitive price from waste materials while also providing an innovative transformation method aligned with circular economy principles. These findings are expected to serve as a guide for policymakers, scientists, and industry leaders dealing with sustainable hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115085"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet waste carbon source recharge improves acetoclastic methanogenesis in aged landfills","authors":"Shengman Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangyin Peng ,&nbsp;Jiemiao Ma ,&nbsp;Bingjie Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Kaiming Peng ,&nbsp;Qiteng Zheng ,&nbsp;Chih-Yu Hung ,&nbsp;Chen Cai ,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of new waste sorting policies and “zero landfill” strategies has precipitated the premature retirement of municipal landfills and accelerated their aging, resulting in a significant decline in both the production and quality of landfill gas containing methane (CH₄), thereby impeding resource utilization and exacerbating carbon emissions. Waste-derived organic matter recharge can increase the availability of landfill gas, but the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors remain unclear. In this study, waste-derived organic matter (aged landfill leachate and wet waste slurry) available at the landfill campus was used as a supplemental carbon source to infuse into an anaerobic landfill column system to investigate the effects of exogenous carbon inputs on the performance of landfill CH₄ generation by using metagenomic sequencing. The results show that adding wet waste slurry and alkali-adjusted wet waste slurry increased the methane content by 50.75% and 58.31%, respectively, and significantly increased the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the leachate. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that wet waste slurry recharge enriched acidogenic bacteria, syntrophic bacteria, and acetoclastic methanogenic archaea and increased the expression of functional genes associated with acidification, direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), and acetoclastic methanogenesis. A partial least squares path model (PLS–PM) revealed that functional genes and VFAs were the most important factors influencing landfill CH₄ production. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the scientific management, low-carbon operation and sustainable development of aged municipal landfills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous harmless treatment of barium slag and manganese residue via a multiple water alternating washing process","authors":"Xinghao He ,&nbsp;Yongqiong Yang ,&nbsp;Guiyong Zhou ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Hannian Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barium slag (BS) is a hazardous waste generated during the industrial production process of barium salts, posing serious threats to ecological environment due to its high soluble Ba concentration and high pH. The development of efficient harmless treatment technologies is imperative for BS management. In this study, the Ba dissolution behavior of BS implied that washing with 20 rounds of water could reduce the soluble Ba but cannot achieve harmless treatment. Based on manganese residue (MR) containing soluble MnSO₄, an innovative process involving the alternating washing of MR and BS with water, was proposed to simultaneously achieve harmless treatment of BS and reduction of soluble Mn in MR. The conditions used in the process were optimized as follows: MR/BS mass ratio of 50 g/100 g, washing temperature of 25 ℃, washing time of 60 min, and alternating washing for 5 rounds. Under these conditions, treated BS had a Ba extraction toxicity concentration of 25.60 mg/L, decreasing from 1725 mg/L for the original BS, with the pH decreasing from 12.52 to 11.64, and the treated MR had a soluble Mn of 34.20 mg/L from 1900 mg/L of the original MR. Water transferred‌ soluble ions from one waste to form BaSO₄ or Mn(OH)₂ precipitates, as confirmed by XRD, SEM, and XPS. Additionally, the final washing solution was recyclable for another two water alternating washing processes, with potassium accumulation from 61.1 to 181 mg/L. These findings provide a simple, green, and low-cost technical route for treating BS and MR in production practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115075"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid characterization of MSW and RDF feedstocks for waste-to-energy process using LIBS and ML techniques","authors":"Jincheng Liu ,&nbsp;Oluwabunmi Iwakin ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Romero ,&nbsp;Liang Cheng ,&nbsp;Faegheh Moazeni ,&nbsp;Zheng Yao ,&nbsp;Robert De Saro ,&nbsp;Joseph Craparo","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterogeneity in the composition of municipal solid wastes (MSW) poses significant challenges in the production of biofuel and bioproducts. This research aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of waste analysis and characterization by introducing a fast characterization approach for MSW-derived refuse-derived fuels (RDF) by combining Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with advanced machine learning (ML) techniques. The approach combines data pre-processing of LIBS spectra of RDF, and the development of ML models trained on domain and theory-based spectral features for predicting process parameters. These models are adept at predicting key process parameters like High Heating Value (HHV), carbon content, and volatile matter. This approach can achieve an average RRMSE of 2.13% and R² of 0.98 or higher for all considered parameters on testing data. This work demonstrates significant potential for improving waste sorting, processing efficiency, and environmental compliance over traditional labor- and time-intensive laboratory waste analysis and characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115079"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sewage sludge char catalyzed steam reforming of volatiles from MSW pyrolysis for H2-rich syngas production: Influence of char properties","authors":"Junjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenfei Mei ,&nbsp;Lijie Yin ,&nbsp;Liu Hong ,&nbsp;Yuheng Feng ,&nbsp;Kezhen Qian ,&nbsp;Yuyan Hu ,&nbsp;Dezhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a pyrolysis-steam reforming reaction system to produce H₂-rich syngas from municipal solid waste (MSW) with sewage sludge chars (SSCs) as catalysts. To determine the most important SSC properties influencing H₂ yield, catalytic performances of 7 different plain SSCs were compared to choose the proper SSC as catalyst. The pyrolysis of MSW and steam reforming of the volatiles were carried out at 550 and 800 °C respectively, and H₂ production from different MSW components were also checked. It has been found that the fixed carbon (FC) content of SSCs is the most important factor influencing H₂ yield, followed by Fe content and specific area. An FC-Fe-S index was defined to correlate SSC properties with H₂ yield, which exhibits a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.96). Additionally, it has been found the plastics in MSW produce the most long-chain aliphatic volatile compounds during pyrolysis process and result in the highest H₂ yield of 1.54 Nm³/kg_waste in the reforming stage; while biomass components correspond to lower H₂ yields ranging from 0.71 to 0.84 Nm³/kg_waste due to their higher oxygen contents. This research provides valuable insights for choosing cheap SSCs as sacrificial catalyst to enhance H₂ production through MSW pyrolysis-steam reforming technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115069"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lost on the Pacific Crest Trail: a 4,270 km survey of wilderness waste distribution and characteristics","authors":"Victoria McGruer ,&nbsp;Macy Gustavus ,&nbsp;Kendra Z. Hess ,&nbsp;Hazel Vaquero ,&nbsp;Krystle Moody Wood ,&nbsp;Emin Israfil ,&nbsp;Jorge Gonzalez-Estrella ,&nbsp;Victoria M. Fulfer ,&nbsp;Shelly Moore ,&nbsp;Win Cowger","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mismanaged waste threatens the environment and human health. To better understand waste sources and impacts along recreation trails, we surveyed the entire 4,270 km Pacific Crest Trail, conducting 251 waste surveys (1 km every 16 km). Surveys counted and classified waste within 2 m of the trail. We estimated that there were 53,000 pieces (12,000–130,000) of waste along the trail in 2023, based on a mean count of 12.5 pieces per km. Waste count had a negative log–log linear relationship with distance to the nearest road. Far in the backcountry (survey start 10 km from a road), waste was sparse (0.4 pieces per km), but close to roads (10 m from a road), waste increased to 13 pieces per km. The most common material types were soft plastic (36 %), metal (11 %), and sanitary waste (10 %). The most common morphologies were fragments (47 %), package ends (7 %), and wipes (6 %). Brands visible on waste were rare (48 pieces). We assessed the bias of this survey method, showing that it underestimated waste counts by 50 % compared to conducting the survey twice or with twice the number of surveyors. Surveying trail sections with snow cover or at night also reduced observed counts. These findings suggest that cleanup near roads, waste handling education, reduced plastic use, and innovation from outdoor consumer product producers could reduce trail waste. We propose that a baseline value of 0.4 pieces per km should be a waste management target to achieve for all spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115063"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}