Waste management最新文献

{"title":"Capturing the effectiveness-cost efficiency nexus in Italian municipal solid waste management: A DEA-Quantile regression approach within the EU policy framework.","authors":"Corrado Lo Storto","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the correlation between environmental effectiveness and cost-efficiency in municipal solid waste (MSW) management within the European Union policy framework. Data from 5,516 Italian municipalities is utilized. MSW service effectiveness is evaluated using a composite indicator that aligns with the waste hierarchy. Quantile regression is applied to examine how disaggregated cost components are associated with service effectiveness across its distribution. Results show that effectiveness and cost-efficiency are complementary rather than conflicting objectives. Higher effectiveness is systematically associated with lower total costs per capita, with total costs decreasing by approximately 34% between the lowest- and highest-performing municipalities. This pattern is driven by a structural shift in expenditure from residual waste management to separate collection systems, reflecting changes in waste flows rather than reductions in service provision. The analysis also reveals significant differences across municipalities. Cost factors play a more significant role in low-performing municipalities, where improvements are mainly linked to service restructuring and cost reallocation. In contrast, their impact decreases in municipalities with higher effectiveness levels, where organizational and governance factors become important. These findings highlight the importance of tailored policy approaches. Operational restructuring is crucial for low-performing municipalities, while high-performing municipalities benefit more from improvements in governance, coordination, and citizen engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"226 ","pages":"115837"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of PFAS-derived Fluorine Metrics to Target-List Composition, LoQ Distributions, and Non-Detect Handling in Fluoropolymer Combustion at a Pilot-Scale Waste Incineration Plant.","authors":"Manuela Wexler, Vanessa Nuredin, Hans-Joachim Gehrmann, Dieter Stapf","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeted analytical methods are widely used to quantify per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in combustion flue-gas. However, interpretation of PFAS emission data is challenged by high shares of non-detects (NDs), heterogeneous limits of quantification (LoQs), and extensive target analyte lists. This study evaluates the influence of ND-treatment, target-list composition and LoQ distributions on PFAS-derived fluorine metrics using two pilot-scale incineration datasets. Both datasets exhibit high ND-shares and analyte-specific LoQs spanning several orders of magnitude. Current analytical target lists appear highly sensitive to the ND-substitution approach. However, sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this apparent sensitivity was governed by a small number of analytes exhibiting elevated LoQs. Excluding these analytes reduced variability among ND-substitution approaches by approximately 95 % in one dataset and by more than 99.9 % in the other, largely independent of the selected descriptive statistical parameter. Target-list reduction also decreased variability but provided little additional improvement. Consequently, the apparent influence of target-list composition was found to be largely attributable to the inclusion of a small number of analytes with exceptionally high LoQs. The findings indicate that apparent sensitivities to ND-treatment are governed primarily by analyte-specific LoQ distributions, and, to a lesser extent, by target-list composition. Robust assessment of PFAS-derived metrics therefore primarily requires critical evaluation of analytes exhibiting elevated LoQs, transparent handling of NDs and the application of lower- and upper-bound estimates. Future method development should prioritize harmonized LoQs, refinement of target lists, and inclusion of volatile PFAS and non-target analysis to improve PFAS emission assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"226 ","pages":"115836"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane and nitrous oxide formation and emissions at a full-scale garden waste windrow composting facility in Denmark.","authors":"Louise Anne Klotz, Anders Michael Fredenslund, Charlotte Scheutz","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although composting is widely regarded as a more environmentally sustainable alternative to landfilling, it remains a source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a full-scale Danish central garden waste composting facility were quantified during four measurement campaigns using flux chambers and the tracer gas dispersion method (TDM). Surface fluxes, pore gas composition, and temperature were measured in all on-site material piles, including active composting windrows and storage piles of mature compost and biofuel (the coarse fraction of shredded garden waste destined for energy recovery through incineration). The highest CH₄ surface fluxes (2.1 g CH₄ h^-1 m^-2) and pore gas CH₄ concentrations (18 % v/v) were observed in composting windrows containing shredded and sorted material. The highest N₂O fluxes (0.045 g N₂O h^-1 m^-2) were measured in windrows composed of shredded but unsorted material. Although emissions from storage piles of shredded garden waste, biofuel, and mature compost were lower, they were not negligible. Pore gas CH₄ concentrations increased with windrow age as oxygen availability declined. However, CH₄ surface fluxes remained relatively constant, suggesting enhanced CH₄ oxidation in the windrow surface layer. Average facility-scale emissions measured by TDM were 8.3 kg CH₄ h^-1 (range: 4.6-13 kg h^-1) and 0.037 kg N₂O h^-1 (range: 0.019-0.054 kg h^-1). These results demonstrate that both composting windrows and storage piles contribute to overall facility emissions. Comprehensive, sub-facility-scale measurements are therefore needed to identify key emission sources, support mitigation efforts, and optimize composting operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"226 ","pages":"115827"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals and emerging organic contaminants in Japanese sewage sludge.","authors":"Matěj Hušek, Jaroslav Semerád, Ryosuke Homma, Jaroslav Moško, Toma Matsunaga, Magdalena Barešová, Tomáš Cajthaml, Kazuyuki Oshita, Michael Pohořelý","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of its high dependence on imported phosphorus, Japan is striving to increase the reuse of phosphorus-rich sewage sludge (via direct application or composting) in agriculture rather than using incineration. However, the occurrence and behavior of pollutants in sewage sludge may pose environmental risks and have received limited attention until now. In this study, sewage sludge collected across Japan during a single sampling campaign was analyzed for heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), extractable organic fluorine, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). One sludge sample exceeded the Japanese Cd limit more than elevenfold, while five of twelve samples exceeded the German regulatory limit for the sum of PFOA and PFOS. However, regulatory limits in Japan are currently available only for selected heavy metals among the analyzed pollutants. Therefore, the use of sewage sludge and sludge compost without comprehensive knowledge of their composition and appropriate regulatory limits on heavy metals and various organic pollutants, including emerging contaminants, could result in the uncontrolled release of these pollutants into agricultural soils and broader ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"226 ","pages":"115840"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic sorting and artificial intelligence in material recovery facilities: a review of published research and expert perspectives.","authors":"Tanmay Haldankar, Kelsea Schumacher","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) are essential to municipal recycling infrastructure, but face difficulties in sorting due to the growing complexity of recyclable material streams and contamination in their inputs. The limitations of traditional sorting technologies and reliance on manual sorters at MRFs have driven interest in integrating robotic systems that combine artificial intelligence (AI) detection with robotic actuation. This paper presents a review of AI and robotic sorting at MRFs, based on insights from recent literature and expert consultations. The literature review uncovered advances in AI algorithms and datasets, application of new sensors and multi-modal sensing systems, and novel robotic gripping and grasping strategies. Expert consultations identified a shift toward deploying AI systems as standalone detection tools, particularly for quality control and facility monitoring, and a movement away from robotic integration due to limitations in speed, reliability, and gripper effectiveness. The analysis reveals three key challenge areas: (1) practical deployment and economic viability of robotic sorting systems, (2) limitations in AI performance and data availability, and (3) robot-specific challenges related to gripping and grasping. The paper outlines future research directions to address these challenges and advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"226 ","pages":"115830"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking AI architectures for circularity in textiles: fiber recognition with CNNs, ViTs, and hybrid models.","authors":"Ehsan Faghih, Marguerite Moore, Edgar Lobaton, Zahra Saki","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The explosion of textile waste requires high-efficiency, automated sorting systems to support large-scale recycling. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is a proven technique for non-destructive fiber identification. However, the effectiveness of CNNs in processing spectral data is often constrained by their architectural focus on local feature extraction. Advancements in Artificial Intelligence have generated novel architectures, such as Vision Transformers (ViT), which weigh the importance of all input elements relative to one another, effectively capturing long-range dependencies within a sequence, providing a promising approach for analyzing NIR spectral data derived from post-consumer textiles. This study aims to compare CNN (AlexNet, EfficientNetV2), ViT (ViT-base, ViT-large, DeiT, and BEiT), and Hybrid (ConvNeXt and Swin Transformer) architectures for classifying textile fibers, including cotton, nylon, and polyester. The results demonstrate ConvNeXt's superior performance, achieving the highest overall accuracy for textile fiber classification and indicating its potential to improve automated textile recycling systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"222 ","pages":"115628"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148176884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the tracer correlation method (TCM): A performance-based framework for wider implementation in landfill methane emissions monitoring","authors":"Tarek Abichou ,&nbsp;Foroozan Arkian ,&nbsp;Eric Howarth ,&nbsp;Tahereh Malmir ,&nbsp;Rafee Iftakhar Hossain ,&nbsp;Pylyp Buntov ,&nbsp;Yurii Dudak ,&nbsp;David Risk","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tracer Correlation Method (TCM), when applied to quantify landfill methane emissions, relies on previously developed stringent quality control thresholds (R² ≥ 0.80 and Emission Rate Deviation (ERD) ≤ 20 %, hereafter referred to as the Gold Standard. However, these thresholds often exclude a substantial portion of the collected data, limiting wider use of TCM. We evaluated TCM during a controlled release campaign at the Petrolia landfill (Ontario, Canada), where methane was emitted at known rates (27.1–179 kg/h), though these were not disclosed to the measurement team during testing. Emission estimates from the TCM (slope-based and area-based) were compared to the true releases using the Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). While transects fulfilling the Gold Standard threshold showed strong agreement with actual emissions, several non-Gold Standard transects also yielded emissions estimates within 20–30 % of the released rates. These results were used to propose an expanded classification framework introducing a Silver category (R² ≥ 0.60, ERD ≤ 30 %), that retained additional valid transects under moderate conditions. These results demonstrate that TCM can provide accurate total landfill emission estimates supporting a more flexible, performance-based framework to improve its utility in landfill monitoring programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of air availability and straw amendment on swine manure phosphorus runoff potential","authors":"Wenchao Xing ,&nbsp;Hongzhen Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Xue ,&nbsp;Shixiao Xu ,&nbsp;Lixin Jia ,&nbsp;Pengxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Danping Jiang ,&nbsp;Fuqing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manure is a significant source of phosphorus (P) fertilizer, but its P solubility may influence both environmental impacts and fertilizer effectiveness. The transformation of P fractions in manure during long-term storage remains unclear. This study evaluated P speciation dynamics during extended swine manure storage under both unsealed and sealed conditions, and examined corn straw as an amendment to enhance P stabilization. Results showed that during unsealed conditions, Olsen-P (H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-P) concentration decreased by 16%, while Fix-P (NaOH-P + HCl-P) concentration increased by 150%, indicating the conversion of P to more stable forms. In contrast, sealed conditions had smaller effects on P concentration and solubility, with Fix-P increased by 3%. The incorporation of corn straw in unsealed system resulted in a 45% increase in total phosphorus (TP) concentration and a 12% reduction in Olsen-P, suggesting that the addition of corn straw enhanced chemical precipitation and organic complexation of P. Sealed conditions with straw amendment exhibited similar trends to those in sealed and unamended ones. Under long-term unsealed storage, soluble P in swine manure converted to more stable minerals including MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O, Fe₃(PO₄)₂·H₂O, and AlPO₄·2H₂O, and the manure particles aggregated more. This study may provide valuable insights for developing cost-effective swine manure management practice to reduce P runoff potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on functionalized biochar from solid waste: Advancing sustainable construction and CO2 capture","authors":"Razia Sultana ,&nbsp;Shipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chi Sun Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing CO₂ emissions from cement production and solid waste present significant challenges to achieving carbon neutrality, demanding sustainable strategies for the carbon–neutral construction sector. Producing biochar-driven concrete via the thermochemical conversion of organic waste offers an eco-friendly approach to mitigating CO₂ emissions from cement production while simultaneously addressing the challenge of large-scale solid waste management. The establishment of biochar as a carbon-negative product makes it a promising alternative to traditional cementitious materials in cement-based products. Additionally, porous biochar can adsorb CO₂, which can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) in cement and form stable calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) through an internal carbonation process. However, despite these environmental benefits, high doses of unmodified/pristine biochar often compromise concrete’s mechanical properties, limiting its practical application. Therefore, this review critically evaluates the development of functionalized biochar, focusing on physical and chemical activation methods to overcome these limitations. Particular emphasis is placed on how functionalization enhances biochar’s compatibility with cement and significantly boosts its CO₂ adsorption capacity. To provide a deeper understanding of the literature on this topic, this review first systematically analyzed a comprehensive range of contemporary research on modification methods and the performance of both modified and unmodified biochar, with and without carbonation, in cementitious materials, highlighting their impacts on carbon-capture potential and mechanical properties. Subsequently, various limitations and challenges associated with the application of functionalized biochar in construction materials are highlighted. Finally, the review suggests key areas for future research to optimize biochar applications, aiming to improve mechanical performance, and maximizing carbon capture in waste management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115351"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the performance of Air Pollution Control residues as CO2 sorbents in the calcium looping process","authors":"Carmela Chianese ,&nbsp;Alessandro Dal Pozzo ,&nbsp;Valentina Scognamiglio ,&nbsp;Giulia Masi ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Bignozzi ,&nbsp;Valerio Cozzani","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air Pollution Control (APC) residues deriving from acid gas (HCl, HF, SO₂) removal processes are typically disposed of in hazardous waste landfills. This study explores the potential reuse of these residues as alternative CO₂ sorbents in the Calcium Looping process, leveraging their content of unreacted lime. APC residues originating from different industrial sources (waste-to-energy, ceramic, and glass plants) were subjected to multiple carbonation–calcination cycles and benchmarked against a reference hydrated lime. The observed performance was linked to the morphological and compositional variability of the residues. Ceramic APC residues exhibited an inverse correlation between CO₂ uptake and the presence of stable fluorinated and sulfated phases. The monotonic decline in CO₂ carrying capacity upon cycling was ascribed to sintering. Waste-to-energy residues displayed a more complex cyclic behavior, associated with the melting of chlorinated phases under calcination conditions and the consequent rearrangement of product layers on sorbent particles. Despite their lower performance compared to virgin hydrated lime, APC residues achieved up to 140 mg CO₂/g sorbent after 10 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 115390"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}