Waste management最新文献

{"title":"Vision-based volumetric estimation of localized construction and demolition waste","authors":"Ashwani Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Kunal Jha ,&nbsp;Nikhil Bugalia ,&nbsp;Quang Phuc Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of the quantity of localized construction and demolition waste (CDW) is critical for optimizing the upstream operations of the CDW’s reverse supply chain (RSC). However, existing studies extensively focus on downstream RSC operations with approaches that quantify large-scale material stockpiles through semi-automated workflows relying on expensive, non-portable devices. These approaches are impractical for upstream operations such as quantifying small-scale, localized CDW stockpiles scattered around urban environments, requiring frequent estimations. In contrast, this study proposes a novel vision-based framework that enables automated, fast, and accurate volume estimation of small-scale localized CDW using a consumer-grade imaging device. The framework incorporates a hybrid segmentation technique involving a ground plane identification process through a novel rule-based modification to the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, followed by a clustering process. A new Multi-View Classification Model (MVCM) based on ResNet-50 architecture is also developed to recognize CDW clusters. A Delaunay triangulation-based approach estimates the volume of recognized CDW clusters. The framework is developed and validated using one of the most extensive datasets comprising 184 scans from the laboratory and the field environment. The MVCM achieved a high F1 score of 0.97 for identifying CDW using 3500 images. The framework demonstrates high accuracy for volume estimation, achieving an absolute percentage error (APE) of 8.97% compared to manual measurements. The overall process achieves an end-to-end processing time of 11 min, underscoring its efficiency and suitability for field deployment. The proposed framework is of significant practical value for localized CDW quantification and decision-making in upstream RSC operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115046"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-loop recycling of lead iodide precursor from waste organic solvents in the production of perovskite solar cells: Toward sustainable photovoltaics","authors":"Qingfang Zou ,&nbsp;Zifan Lin ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Li ,&nbsp;Guang Hu ,&nbsp;Shifa Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Zheng ,&nbsp;Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Sha Liang ,&nbsp;Huabo Duan ,&nbsp;Shushan Yuan ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Ling Xu ,&nbsp;Yin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiakuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), characterized by high efficiency, have demonstrated significant potential in solar energy harvesting. However, the PSCs production process usually generates substantial waste containing polar organic solvents, i.e., N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which are contaminated with high-concentration Pb(Ⅱ). This study introduces a closed-loop recycling approach to separate and recover Pb(Ⅱ) from waste organic solvents using a cation-exchange resin, enabling lead reuse in PSCs manufacturing. The resin efficiently adsorbs and desorbs Pb(Ⅱ) from the solvents, achieving a recovery efficiency of over 97 % and demonstrating excellent reusability. The separated lead solution is further converted into high-purity lead iodide (PbI₂) precursor (99.99 %). PSCs fabricated with the recovered PbI₂ precursor exhibit a power conversion efficiency (17.72 %) and current density (17.59 mA/cm²), comparable to devices made with commercial PbI₂ precursor (18.39 %, 17.27 mA/cm²). This work presents an environmentally-friendly method for efficient lead separation and recovery from PSCs production waste solvents, promoting the sustainable development of the PSC industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115049"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable AI and machine learning-based analysis of municipal solid waste generation rate: a South African case study","authors":"Oluwatobi Adeleke,&nbsp;Tien-Chien Jen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upsurge in solid waste generation poses a significant challenge that must be addressed proactively and sustainably. Despite extensive research on the application of machine learning (ML) models in their black-box nature in waste generation forecast, less attention has been given to the multi-factor complexity and multicollinearity, explainability, regional heterogeneity, and latent pattern of waste generation. This study addresses this gap by developing a multi-stage ML-framework integrating principal component analysis (PCA), SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), k-means clustering, and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model. The study utilised a high-dimensional 17 socio-economic, demographic, meteorological, and infrastructural variables in South Africa. The PCA retained about 90.3% of the data variance in 13 principal components (PCs), reducing the complexity of the waste dataset. The k-means cluster unveils 3 distinct waste-generation groups, reflecting different service-access and infrastructure levels. SHAP revealed that access to refuse removal<strong>,</strong> relative humidity<strong>,</strong> population density<strong>,</strong> and household income were the most influential variables to waste generation prediction. The ANFIS model with Grid Partitioning (GP) clustering based on PCA-transformed input outperformed others with RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R² values of 0.1939<strong>,</strong> 0.1655<strong>,</strong> 21.31, and 0.8943 at the training. This research provides intelligent data-driven insights that aid municipal planners in facilitating region-specific and targeted policy formulations, resource and infrastructure allocations and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115036"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation behavior and environmental impacts of a hemp-containing “eco-friendly” compostable plastic in natural environments","authors":"Jan Loskot ,&nbsp;Klára Katonová ,&nbsp;Daniel Jezbera ,&nbsp;Rudolf Andrýs ,&nbsp;Roman Svoboda ,&nbsp;Anju Tanaka ,&nbsp;Alena Myslivcová Fučíková","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A field experiment was carried out to assess the degradation behavior and environmental impacts of hemp fiber-containing polymeric material labeled as “compostable plastic”. The main question was: What happens if products made from this material are released into nature? To find the answer, small pieces of this composite material were exposed to sandy clay soil and river water for 2, 4, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, and 33 weeks. After taking out, the samples were thoroughly analyzed using light and electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the material is fairly stable in both tested natural environments. It remained compact even after 33 weeks, almost without weight loss. Only about 10–15 % of its bioorganic content was decomposed during the long-term degradation. If products made from this material are left in the natural environment, they will cause long-term pollution, including the formation of microplastics. This “compostable” plastic also can not be composted because one of its components is degradation-resistant polypropylene. Thus, despite the manufacturer’s declarations, the material is not a good choice for eco-friendly production. The results show that it is not always appropriate to dispose of materials labeled as “compostable plastics” or similar by putting them into a compost bin or just leaving them in nature. Our findings also highlight the need for an objective assessment of the environmental impacts of so-called “eco-friendly”, “green”, or “sustainable” products rather than their reckless promotion and consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115045"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-purity copper recovery from polyimide-enameled wires using pulsed discharge with a grinding pre-treatment","authors":"Takuji Kirihara ,&nbsp;Asako Narita ,&nbsp;Chiharu Tokoro","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A promising strategy to meet growing demands for copper is to recover high-grade copper from spent enameled wires. However, spent enamel-wire recycling is challenging because the tightly bonded insulating films must be removed. Polyimide films are particularly difficult to remove because of their high heat and solvent resistance, and few studies have reported successful removal of polyimide films. The present study proposes a physical method to remove polyimide films from enameled wires by applying a grinding treatment and pulsed discharge. Pulsed discharge alone could not peel off such films; however, the grinding pre-treatment partially removed the polyimide film, which inhibited current flow to the target pieces, allowing the pulsed discharge process to effectively peeled off the film. Optimizing the grinding method increased the probability of energizing the sample, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the pulsed discharge step. The film removal rate reached 93.0 wt% using the developed combination treatment. Analytical results indicated that the film was peeled via carbonization in local high-temperature areas with radical-driven oxidation on the film surface. Meanwhile, neither carbonization nor oxidation occurred inside the polyimide film because the high dielectric strength of polyimide prevented the formation of current pathways. These results suggest that the generation of harmful substances and greenhouse gases during polyimide decomposition can be suppressed. The findings reported herein demonstrate the significant potential of pulse discharge as a physical method for rapidly removing films from spent enameled wires with low environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115044"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimized operation mode in mature landfill leachate treatment based on EEM-PARAFAC-SOM","authors":"Yujia Duan ,&nbsp;Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Jiadong Liu ,&nbsp;Xudong Wang ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpää ,&nbsp;Tebogo Mashifana","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mature leachate demonstrates low biodegradability due to the increase of recalcitrant substances during the landfill process. Development of tolerant membrane bioreactor (MBR) and catalytic ozonation coupled system is crucial for the deep treatment of leachate. By optimizing the treatment system, this study developed three operation modes including internal circulation (Mode 1, 1st–10th day), MBR-catalytic ozonation (Mode 2, 11th–30th day), and catalytic ozonation-MBR (Mode 3, 31st–58th day), and explored their treatment effects on leachate. The results showed that during Mode 1, the removal rate of NH₄⁺-N reached 99.6 %, and the COD removal rate exceeded 80 %. Mode 2 and Mode 3 achieved COD removal rates of 92.4 % and 96.6 % respectively, among which the effluent of Mode 3 met the discharge standards. The FRI removal rates of five types of organic matter were more than 95 %. Catalytic ozonation could first oxidize and decompose large-molecule organic substances into relatively small-molecule and easily degradable organic substances, which were then degraded and utilized by microorganisms in the MBR system. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 37.95 % to 75.27 %, and it was the main body for degrading organic matter and denitrifying nitrogen. The abundance of <em>unclassified Rhodobacteraceae</em> significantly increased from 1.33 % to 30.16 %. By degrading the organic matter in the leachate, it controlled the accumulation of NO₂^–-N and NO₃^–-N in synergy with the denitrifying bacterial community. This research offered reference for the continuous treatment of leachate and improved understanding of evolution of bacterial community, bringing it much closer to practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115039"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of multi-kingdom microbiome interactions drive CNPS cycling in landfills","authors":"Wenqing Hong ,&nbsp;Shu Yang ,&nbsp;Weixi Shu ,&nbsp;Gordon Price ,&nbsp;Liyan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill ecosystems represent significant terrestrial carbon sinks, where municipal solid waste (MSW) undergoes decomposition and transformation through biochemical reactions mediated by multi-kingdom microbiome. However, the spatial and temporal characterization of microbial interactions and collaboration within these multi-kingdom microbiomes remain largely unknown. In this study, we reveal the hierarchical and collaborative mechanisms by which multi-kingdom microbiomes drive carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling across a 30-meter landfilling depth, corresponding to a landfilling age of 1 to 4 years. Through integration of metagenomics and network analyses, we elucidated vertical succession patterns in microbial community structure and function. The surface layer (1–2 years) was centered on bacterial-dominated primary metabolism, with <em>Enterococcus aquimarinus</em> and <em>Brevundimonas bullata</em> inferred to mediate metabolic coupling through fermentation, nitrogen fixation andphosphorus solubilization. Concurrently, phage-driven host lysis may contribute to the suppression of acidification. In the middle layer (2–3 years), co-occurrence patterns between archaea and fungi suggest mutualistic interaction supporting methanogenesis, wherein fungi such as <em>Anaeromyces robustus</em> would supply key substrates for methanogens such as <em>Methanofollis ethanolicus</em>. In the bottom layer (3–4 years), fungi, bacteria, and viruses collaborate under nutrient-limited conditions, with phages employing a “kill-the-winner” approach to sustain ecosystem function and stability. Collectively, our findings indicate that key microbial connectors across kingdoms contribute to elemental cycling through cross-kingdom interaction, including substrate exchange and nutrient supply. This study advances our understanding of multi-kingdom microbial dynamics during MSW decomposition and offers a conceptual framework for enhancing biogeochemical cycling efficiency within landfill ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115048"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium recovery from waste aluminum electrolyte via bioleaching: Comparative insights into acidic and alkaline pathways using Aspergillus niger and Glutamicibacter nicotianae","authors":"Mehrdad Kordloo ,&nbsp;Zohreh Boroumand ,&nbsp;Hadi Abdollahi ,&nbsp;Ali Rezaei ,&nbsp;Yousef Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Ayoub Solgi","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing limitations of primary lithium sources, recovering lithium from secondary resources, such as waste aluminum electrolyte (WAE), has gained increasing importance. This study investigates the application of bioleaching as a sustainable and eco-friendly method for lithium recovery from WAE. Two microorganisms with distinct pH preferences were employed: <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (<em>A. niger</em>), known for its production of organic acids and effectiveness in acidic environments, and <em>Glutamicibacter nicotianae</em> (<em>G. nicotianae</em>), a bacterium that thrives in alkaline conditions. Bioleaching experiments were systematically conducted at varying pulp densities (10, 30, and 50 g/L) over 30 days. Under optimal conditions (10 g/L pulp density), <em>A. niger</em> achieved 100 % lithium extraction within 22 days, whereas <em>G. nicotianae</em> achieved 43.75 % lithium recovery after 30 days. Kinetic modelling revealed that lithium dissolution with <em>G. nicotianae</em> was controlled by diffusion through a product layer, while <em>A. niger</em>’s bioleaching process was governed by surface chemical reactions. These differences highlight the varying metabolic pathways and interactions of each microorganism with the waste material. The bioleached residues were further characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, revealing significant surface and mineralogical changes, particularly with <em>A. niger</em> treatment. The findings demonstrate the distinct mechanisms and efficiencies of acidic versus alkaline bioleaching pathways and provide insights into optimising bioleaching processes for lithium recovery from industrial waste streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115043"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic thermal treatment of mixed lithium iron phosphate and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide black mass for improved recycling operations","authors":"Marius Müller ,&nbsp;Christian Nobis ,&nbsp;Michael Irmer ,&nbsp;Michael Fischlschweiger ,&nbsp;Bengi Yagmurlu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various approaches are being investigated to recover valuable materials from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, particularly for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode chemistries. Graphite recovery has gained increasing interest due to its classification as a critical raw material, with Flotation being a promising process for its recovery from black mass. A requirement for successfully realizing this process is the removal of binders from the anode and cathode surfaces, which is usually achieved through thermal treatment. This paper investigates the thermal decomposition behavior of pure and mixed NMC/LFP materials under oxidative and inert atmospheres and examines how these differences affect subsequent flotation performance. Macro thermobalance analysis, combined with differential thermal analysis (DTA) and mass spectrometry for multidimensional thermal analysis, was used to understand possible reactions and obtain thermally treated samples for flotation.</div><div>The thermally pretreated samples were then subjected to flotation to assess the influence of the mixing ratio and evaluate the thermal treatment’s quality. Differences between roasting and pyrolysis were identified, with roasting exhibiting higher net exothermicity, which increased with rising NMC content. Fluorine behavior also differed: in LFP, it was released as hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas, whereas in NMC, it remained in the residue and could continue to react during thermal treatment and subsequent processes. The findings demonstrate that cathode composition significantly influences behavior in thermal treatment and has to be considered to optimise pretreatment strategies for effective graphite recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 115042"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient lithium recovery from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries via sulfuric acid roasting: Reaction mechanisms and gas emission control","authors":"Yimeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Ye Qian ,&nbsp;Feifei Zhou ,&nbsp;Lijuan Sun ,&nbsp;Hongyang Jin ,&nbsp;Zhaolian Ye ,&nbsp;Xin Min ,&nbsp;Songjian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has introduced significant challenges related to efficient and environmentally sustainable lithium recycling. Recovering cathode materials from spent LIBs via sulfuric acid roasting and subsequent leaching requires a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms and gas emission behaviors to facilitate industrial application. In this study, thermodynamic calculations were conducted using HSC 6.0 software, and real-time gas evolution was analyzed through thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Gas products were further identified indirectly using ion chromatography (IC) after absorption in an alkaline solution. Material characterization was performed by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reaction mechanisms and gas release behaviors of graphite-containing Li_1.15(Ni_xCo_yMn_1-x-y)_0.85O₂ during sulfuric acid roasting were systematically investigated to optimize the roasting-leaching process.The results revealed a two-stage reaction mechanism: at low temperatures (approximately room temperature to 400 °C), the cathode material reacts with sulfuric acid to form lithium sulfate and transition metal sulfates; during the medium-to-high temperature stage (400-700 °C), lithium sulfate remains thermally stable, while transition metal sulfates decompose or are reduced to water-insoluble oxides or metallic phases, enabling selective lithium extraction. Elevated roasting temperatures also lead to substantially increased emissions of SO₂ and CO₂. These findings establish a thermodynamically informed roasting-leaching process, facilitating selective lithium recovery while effectively mitigating gas emissions. Additionally, the study provides valuable mechanistic insights into sulfuric acid roasting, presenting a scalable and sustainable strategy for environmentally friendly recycling of spent LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 115037"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}