Operational parameters regulate in-situ emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) during kitchen waste composting: Linking functional microbial dynamics to emission mitigation

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114935

Jiayi Zhang , Xiaowen Li , Junsheng Xiong , Hao Mei , Weiqin Zhu , Miaomiao He , Xiaofang Zhang , Ying Ding

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Abstract

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from kitchen waste composting plants causes significant environmental issues. This paper characterized the emission profiles of VOCs and GHGs from KW composting with different operating parameters. Quantitative results showed that emission intensities spanned 7.4-folds (VOCs: 196–1456 μg·m⁻³) to 8.2-folds (GHGs: 79–647 mg·m⁻³) between C1 (R₁M₁A₁) and C9 (R₃M₂A₃). Seven categories of VOCs were identified, with the ‘Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene’ (BTEX) group as the most abundant chemical family. Most VOCs (except for esters) and GHGs predominantly emerged post-thermophilic phase and declined as temperatures receded. Orthogonal experiments were performed to ascertain the impacts of parameters on emissions control, and considering emissions, efficiency, and costs, the optimal parameter combination was the C/N ratio of 35, AR of 0.6 L·kg^-1DM·min⁻¹, and MC of 60 %. High-throughput sequencing was utilized to identify functional microbes related to the gases transformation across C1 (R₁M₁A₁) and C9 (R₃M₂A₃) composting systems. Acinetobacter drove the initial release of alcohol and acid VOCs, Pseudomonas generated alcohols/sulfides during thermophilic phases, and sustained Bacillus correlated with ketone emissions. BTEX-degraders, represented by Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas, declined post-thermophilically, coinciding with emission peaks. Methanosaeta-dominated methanogens promoted CH₄ generation, whereas methanotrophs (e.g., Methylocystis) subsequently converted CH₄ through multifunctional metabolism. Autotrophic nitrification (dominated by Nitrobacter) and heterotrophic denitrification (dominated by Bacillus and Pseudomonas) drove N₂O generation, which can be regulated through oxygen diffusion and C/N ratio optimization. This paper would like provide theoretical guidance for the in-situ control of VOCs and GHGs in practical KW composting process.

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操作参数调节厨房垃圾堆肥过程中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和温室气体（ghg）的原位排放：将功能微生物动力学与减排联系起来

厨房垃圾堆肥厂排放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和温室气体（ghg）造成了严重的环境问题。研究了不同运行参数下KW堆肥的VOCs和ghg排放特征。定量结果表明，C1 （R1M1A1）和C9 （R3M2A3）的排放强度范围为7.4倍（VOCs: 196 ~ 1456 μg·m−3）~ 8.2倍（GHGs: 79 ~ 647 mg·m−3）。共鉴定出7类VOCs，其中“苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯”（BTEX）基团是含量最多的化学家族。大多数挥发性有机化合物（酯类除外）和温室气体主要出现在嗜热后阶段，并随着温度的下降而下降。通过正交试验确定各参数对控制排放的影响，综合考虑排放、效率和成本，优选出C/N = 35、AR = 0.6 L·kg-1DM·min -1、MC = 60%的最佳参数组合。利用高通量测序技术鉴定与C1 （R1M1A1）和C9 （R3M2A3）堆肥系统中气体转化相关的功能微生物。不动杆菌驱动酒精和酸性挥发性有机化合物的初始释放，假单胞菌在嗜热阶段产生醇类/硫化物，持续的芽孢杆菌与酮类排放相关。btex降解菌，以假单胞菌和鞘氨单胞菌为代表，在嗜热后下降，与排放峰一致。以甲烷生菌为主的产甲烷菌促进CH4的生成，而甲烷养菌（如甲基藻）随后通过多功能代谢转化CH4。自养硝化作用（以硝化杆菌为主）和异养反硝化作用（以芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌为主）驱动N2O生成，可通过氧扩散和C/N优化调节。本文旨在为实际KW堆肥过程中VOCs和ghg的现场控制提供理论指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Waste management 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

15.60

自引率

6.20%

发文量

492

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Waste Management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid wastes,it covers the entire lifecycle of solid. wastes. Scope: Addresses solid wastes in both industrialized and economically developing countries Covers various types of solid wastes, including: Municipal (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial, light industrial) Agricultural Special (e.g., C and D, healthcare, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge)