Waste management最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of whole-site methane emissions from anaerobic digestion plants: Towards establishing emission factors for various plant configurations","authors":"Viktoria Wechselberger ,&nbsp;Marlies Hrad ,&nbsp;Marcel Bühler ,&nbsp;Thomas Kupper ,&nbsp;Bernhard Spangl ,&nbsp;Anders Michael Fredenslund ,&nbsp;Marion Huber-Humer ,&nbsp;Charlotte Scheutz","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines methane (CH₄) emission factors from biogas and wastewater treatment plants, based on primary and secondary data collected from 109 facilities. Primary emission data were measured at 19 facilities representing prevalent plant configurations across Europe. Statistical analysis highlights two categorical variables, namely primary feedstock and plant size, expressed as CH₄ production (≤<!--> <!-->250 <!--> <!-->kg<!--> <!-->h⁻¹: small and medium-sized plants, &gt;<!--> <!-->250 <!--> <!-->kg<!--> <!-->h⁻¹: large plants), each of which has a significant impact on whole-site CH₄ emissions. Additionally, digestate storage (gastight vs. not-gastight) has a meaningful effect when considering CH₄ production as a continuous variable in the statistical analysis.</div><div>Our results indicate that wastewater treatment plants have the highest average CH₄ losses (7.0 % of CH₄ produced, n = 31 or 0.10 <!--> <!-->kg<!--> <!-->population equivalent<!--> <!-->(PE)^-1 <!-->yr⁻¹, n = 28), followed by manure-based plants (3.7 %, n = 49), biowaste treatment facilities (2.8 %, n = 11) and energy crop-processing plants (1.9 %, n = 14). Furthermore, small and medium-sized plants have elevated emissions (5.6 %, n = 67) compared to larger counterparts (2.2 %, n = 42), primarily attributed to the absence of gastight digestate storage. Emissions tend to be lower with gastight digestate storage (2.7 %, n = 61) than not-gastight storage options (6.2 %, n = 48).</div><div>Emission factors were determined for normal operating conditions, with a further investigation into other-than-normal operating conditions revealing temporal or constant emission peaks in eight out of 19 facilities. These peaks, suggesting potential areas for targeted mitigation strategies, were attributed to pressure relief valves, flare ignition problems and major leakages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losses and emissions in polypropylene recycling from household packaging waste","authors":"Johann B. Kasper ,&nbsp;Luke A. Parker ,&nbsp;Sander Postema ,&nbsp;Elena M. Höppener ,&nbsp;Alexandra H. Leighton ,&nbsp;Alexander M.D. Finnegan ,&nbsp;Sam B. Rutten ,&nbsp;José Nijman ,&nbsp;Amanda Larasati ,&nbsp;André C.C. Soares ,&nbsp;Marcel C.P. van Eijk","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we replicated a typical high-quality post-consumer polypropylene (PP) recycling process to investigate its losses and emissions and study potential improvements. To our knowledge this is the first time that quantitative measurements on all process steps have been performed instead of an accumulated yield and emissions in water. In the process an overall PP yield of 85 wt% based on pure PP input is achieved. The loss of target material is largest at the two mechanical dryer steps (6.6 wt%) and in the wet grinder combined with friction washers (4.0 wt%). In the process we observed approx. 3.9 wt% of the PP input as microplastics in the wastewater before the dissolved air flotation unit which is capable of 97–99 % mass-based removal of microplastics (MPs). Around 330 µg of PP was emitted to air at the mechanical drying step for each kg of input material. This is a very low mass fraction, but considering the particle size distribution the number of particles is vast. This emission can be reduced by using air filters at locations where MPs are generated. To reduce losses and emissions we investigated a few potential process changes. Compared to current practice, positive results were achieved by ensuring that the knives of the wet grinder remain sharp. The mechanical drying process can be improved by lowering the centrifugal speed which reduces the generated microplastics here from 4 wt% to 1 wt% without significantly affecting the moisture content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 230-241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective collection of absorbent hygienic products: The results of a pilot test and waste characterization","authors":"Antonio Gallardo ,&nbsp;Mar Carlos ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Colomer-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Víctor G. Muzaber ,&nbsp;Cristobal Badenes Catalán ,&nbsp;Héctor Moreno Solaz ,&nbsp;Vicente Apolinar Roig ,&nbsp;Vicente Colás Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Absorbent hygiene products (AHP) are single-use materials that are discarded after use. These products include diapers for babies and adults, menstrual pads, absorbent pads, and other personal hygiene items that represent a significant proportion of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this research, the impact of a pilot campaign for the separation of these AHP in a neighborhood of a city in eastern Spain has been studied. To this end, firstly, the percentages of AHP existing in the mixed waste bin (MWB) before and after the campaign were determined. A significant decrease in these materials was observed in the MWB (from 5 % to 3 % before–after the campaign). Secondly, the composition of AHP in the two types of selective collection bins (small red bins [SRB] located at the curbside and big red bins [BRB] for door-to-door collection in high–generation establishments such as nursing homes, kindergartens, etc.) was verified. Adults’ diapers were the most abundant fraction (46 %-63 %), especially in door-to-door collection. The generation rate of this type of waste (17 kg/inhab-year) and the efficiency of each type of collection were also determined. Finally, the chemical properties (humidity, heating value, volatile solids, ashes, chlorides, bromides, metals, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen) of the AHP collected in the three types of containers (MWB, SRB, and BRB) were determined with the aim of proposing the possible recycling of this waste or energy recovery from it. It was observed that AHP from selective collection had better properties for recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of rainfall percolation through a novel capillary barrier cover with a zipper-shape interface between fine- and coarse-grained soils","authors":"Song Feng ,&nbsp;Yahua Zheng ,&nbsp;Hongwei Liu ,&nbsp;Guangyao Li ,&nbsp;Xin Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The huge amount of leachate generated in landfills causes persistent pollution to soil and groundwater. Landfill cover is vital for reducing leachate generation through reducing rainwater infiltration. Yet, the traditional cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBE) is only applicable in reducing rainwater percolation at its base in arid or semi-arid region. To solve this problem, a novel capillary barrier cover is proposed, which adds multiple gravel-segments to the traditional CCBE to form the zipper-shape interface between fine- and coarse-grained soils. Hydraulic response of this zippered CCBE is numerically investigated considering different gravel-segment sizes, drainage-ditch widths and climate conditions. It is found that the zippered CCBE has a lower water percolation than the traditional one by up to 57 %. It is because the capillary barrier effects along the right side-wall of gravel-segment leads to water accumulation and hence water percolation near its base, facilitating reducing water percolation using drainage ditch below the gravel-segment. Moreover, water percolation increases when the gravel-segment height exceeds 0.3 times thickness of fine-grained soil or the gravel-segment width increases, due to reduction of water storage in fine-grained soil. Under the recorded annual precipitation of 1235 mm in the semi-humid region in China, the annual percolation of the traditional and zippered CCBEs are 84 mm/year and 36 mm/year, respectively. Thus, the zippered CCBE might extent the applicability of the traditional CCBE from arid or semi-arid region to semi-humid region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of the solid fraction of food waste separated by a screw press using an integrated hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion process","authors":"Fabrice Tanguay-Rioux ,&nbsp;Fanny Monteil-Rivera ,&nbsp;Mengwei Ye ,&nbsp;Frédérique Matteau Lebrun ,&nbsp;Vinicio Vasquez ,&nbsp;Fred Ngoundjo ,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Frigon ,&nbsp;Laurent Spreutels","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of food waste by anaerobic digestion (AD) still faces several challenges. Fractionating the waste, with a screw press separator, into a liquid phase rich in soluble compounds and a solid fraction could contribute to reduce these challenges, provided that the solid fraction is valorized. To do so, hydrothermal carbonization was shown to be a promising option. Indeed, HTC produced a hydrochar having an energy content 8–38 % higher than the initial feedstock and a process water that could be further converted to methane through anaerobic digestion, with a yield of 160–230 mL CH₄ per g of COD. The methane production was shown to be influenced by the recalcitrance of certain HTC products, with hardly no inhibition detected. The integrated 3-step process produces as much energy as conventional anaerobic digestion, while reducing challenges associated to low loading rate and digestate handling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 676-686"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating direct use fertilizer potential of hydrothermal liquefaction solid mineral products: Integrating anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction","authors":"Kamaldeep Sharma,&nbsp;Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl,&nbsp;Thomas Helmer Pedersen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable agriculture is vital for reducing reliance on harmful chemical fertilizers and ensuring environmental and economic stability. Integrating Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) with anaerobic digestion (AD) can improve biomass efficiency and recovery of both energy (liquid fuels) and valuable nutrients, essential for achieving circular bioeconomy. Biogas digestate is rich in nutrients, and the HTL process can concentrate these nutrients in the solid phase, making the resulting product well-suited for agricultural applications. In this study, HTL solids were produced from biogas digestate using a continuous bench-scale HTL pilot plant to assess their potential as direct-use fertilizers. The optimal conditions for keeping contaminants within allowable limits in mineral products were identified by testing various reaction temperatures, with and without the use of a catalyst. The elemental composition of mineral products (2179 and 2181) showed high carbon varying from 51.61 and 48.41 wt%, phosphorus varying from 3.46 to 3.07 wt% and sufficient nitrogen contents varying from 1.19 to 1.13 wt%. Furthermore, carbon stability of 2179 and 2181 was measured to be 1.2 and 0.3, respectively, which indicated good quality of HTL mineral products. Organic contaminants and heavy metals in HTL mineral products obtained after biocrude recirculation cycles using the HTL pilot plant were found to be close to or below the allowed limits set by Danish legislation. Avoidance (EC50 1.62 %) and seed germination (EC50 21.37 %) tests of the mineral product indicated a moderate level of biotoxicity and a substantial plant growth stimulation potential. A maximum amount of 39 kg/ha for 2179 and 55 kg/ha for 2181 is suitable for field use without harming soil organisms. The phosphates recovery from mineral products into phosphorus-based fertilizers like struvite and hydroxyapatite using mild acids and bases as leaching agents showed around 90 % phosphates recovery and 70 % bioavailability. The synthesized fertilizers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Overall, HTL mineral products present a sustainable alternative for enhancing soil fertility, reducing reliance on harmful chemical fertilizers, and supporting both environmental and economic stability, thereby contributing to a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalysis pyrolysis debromination from waste printed circuit boards: Catalysts selection, parameter effects, products, and mechanisms","authors":"Jiahui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen Xi ,&nbsp;Ruitong Gao ,&nbsp;Bo Niu ,&nbsp;Zhenming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a typical e-waste, waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), are the most valuable and hazardous components containing all the basic and precious metals as well as toxic substances such as heavy metals, brominated epoxy resins (BERs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Due to their high toxicity and carcinogenicity, effective treatment of BERs and BFRs is the key to achieve the environmental-friendly recycling of WPCBs. Recently, catalysis pyrolysis has proven an efficient and promising approach to removing and recovering bromides from WPCBs. The selection of catalysts and pyrolysis parameters mutually affect the debromination of WPCBs including products and mechanisms. However, there are few studies that focus on analyzing and summarizing the above aspects. Herein, this review first introduces types of catalysts (metals, oxides, hydroxides, molecular sieve, etc.) and figures out that metals are regarded as the most suitable catalysts for WPCBs debromination due to their high efficiency and easy to recycle. Then, the interactive effects of catalyst types and pyrolysis parameters on the debromination efficiency are analyzed, and it was found that temperature ranging from 500 to 600 °C, rapid heating rates, small-size samples and in-situ metals were more suitable for debromination. Moreover, a new idea of in-situ catalysis pyrolysis using self-compositions in WPCBs is highlighted, which point out that the defects of catalysts during the reaction process could promote debromination performance. This review summarizes the key knowledge about catalysis pyrolysis debromination from WPCBs, which will devote to the recycle WPCBs more efficiently and environmental-friendly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decapsulating waste photovoltaic laminated modules by the combination treatment of thermal field and the solvent of the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone","authors":"Chunmu Wang,&nbsp;Jiahua Lu,&nbsp;Baojia Qin,&nbsp;Jie Zhu,&nbsp;Jujun Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve the goal of dual-carbon strategy, China has vigorously developed the photovoltaic industry. However, the life cycle of photovoltaic panels is limited, resulting in a large number of waste photovoltaic laminated modules. Waste photovoltaic laminated modules contain rich metallic and organic resources, and have high recycling value. In the process of recycling waste photovoltaic laminated modules, decapsulation is a key step. Pyrolysis was considered as the common decapsulation technology, but it would cause problems such as loss of organic resources, producing pyrolytic carbon black and toxic gases. This paper reported a wet decapsulation technology. It employed the combined treatment of thermal field and the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to swell ethylene vinyl acetate for liberating the materials of waste photovoltaic laminated modules. Under the conditions of 170 °C and 30 min, the 3 cm × 3 cm-sized waste photovoltaic laminated module was completely decapsulated. The analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was grafted to ethylene vinyl acetate structure, and some new groups were generated, such as N–H and C = O. Calculation results of density functional theory showed that N atom and methylene were active sites in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. They could react with the cross-linked bridge and side chain of ethylene vinyl acetate to form N–H and C = O groups, which made ethylene vinyl acetate lose its viscosity and produce decapsulation effect. This paper presents new scientific information for the eco-friendly wet decapsulation of waste photovoltaic laminated modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaic cell-derived silicon fertilizer and its combined effect with silicate-dissolving bacteria Bacillus aryahattai on rice growing during the tillering stage","authors":"Jia Wen ,&nbsp;Yichen Zhou ,&nbsp;Han Meng ,&nbsp;Qing Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread retirement of crystalline silicon solar cells in coming years poses a significant obstacle to sustainable development. Arable soils have experienced a gradual decline in available silicon levels due to intensive agricultural production. Therefore, it is feasible to repurpose recovered waste crystalline silicon cells below cell-reuse benchmark into agriculturally usable resources. This study investigates the impact of photovoltaic crystalline silicon-derived fertilizer (Si group), external silicate-dissolving bacteria (Bac group), and their combination (All group) on early rice nutrient uptake, growth development, and soil physical and chemical properties through a 45-day potting experiment. The combined addition of silicon fertilizer and bacteria significantly improved soil nitrification process (nitrate nitrogen NO₃-N increased by 73.5%) and soil organic matter content by 16.2%. The increases in soil-available silicon (by 14.9%) and total potassium (by 19%) in the All and Si were significant. For rice growth, the addition of silicon fertilizer did not have a positive effect on dry matter accumulation and plant height possibly due to the Si threshold effect or K stress. However, the chlorophyll content of the Bac and All treatment groups was enhanced by 25% and 29%, respectively, suggesting the positive effect of bacteria on soil nitrogen utilization. The absorption of potassium by the plants was positively correlated with silicon, and the accumulation of silicon reduced the carbon content of the rice’s aboveground parts by 7.3% to 9.0%. The study provides a feasible solution of recycling and reusing waste crystalline silicon in agricultural applications, and the results also have indicative significance for the sustainable rice production under non-stress environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 160-171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle size determines the short-term phosphorus availability in biochar produced from digestate solids","authors":"Ingeborg F. Pedersen ,&nbsp;Dorette S. Müller-Stöver ,&nbsp;Camilla Lemming ,&nbsp;Klara Cecilia Gunnarsen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar pellets produced from the solid fraction of manure-based digestates are rich in phosphorus (P) and may represent a P source that is easy to handle and suitable for transport to P-deficient regions. However, the effect of feedstock composition and particle size on P availability in this type of biochar remains unexplored.</div><div>To evaluate the effect of particle size on the short-term P availability in biochars derived from manure digestate solids, an incubation experiment was carried out, in which four biochars produced from digestate solids in powder and pellet form were incubated with three soils of low P content. The recovery of P in bicarbonate and water extracts was measured after 7 and 70 days of incubation. A subsequent pot experiment with barley on two of the soils was aimed at examining early crop recovery of P, comparing the effects of coarse and fine biochar particles.</div><div>Biochars from digestate solids had total P contents ranging from 12 to 63 g kg⁻¹. In all three soils, the recovery of P in water and bicarbonate extracts was lower after incubation with biochar pellets compared to powder, and P recovery remained constant or decreased slightly over time. Early shoot biomass and P recovery in barley were also higher when fine biochar particles were applied. The results suggest that particle size reduction improves the immediate availability of P in biochars produced from manure-based digestate solids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}