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A workflow to assess the recoverability of secondary raw materials via physical separation. 通过物理分离评估二次原料可回收性的工作流程。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.040
P Boelens, L Pereira, K Tumakov, J R da Assuncao Godinho, C G da Silva Tochtrop, S Gupta, B M Guy, R Tolosana-Delgado, R Möckel, T Leißner, E Löwer, D Illing, A D Renno, L Ott, F Ellinger, M Rudolph, J Gutzmer
{"title":"A workflow to assess the recoverability of secondary raw materials via physical separation.","authors":"P Boelens, L Pereira, K Tumakov, J R da Assuncao Godinho, C G da Silva Tochtrop, S Gupta, B M Guy, R Tolosana-Delgado, R Möckel, T Leißner, E Löwer, D Illing, A D Renno, L Ott, F Ellinger, M Rudolph, J Gutzmer","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Printed circuit boards represent an extraordinarily challenging fraction for the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment. Due to the closely interlinked structure of the composing materials, the selective recycling of copper and closely associated precious metals from this composite material is compromised by losses during mechanical pre-processing. This problem could partially be overcome by a better understanding of the influence of particle size and shape on the recovery of finely comminuted and well-liberated metal particles during mechanical separation. Here, we propose a workflow to quantify the role of the size and shape of such particles in various separation processes. As a case study, we compare an analytical heavy liquid separation to a new type of eddy current separator. Using X-ray computed tomography, we were able to distinguish metallic and non-metallic phases and determine the size and 3D microstructure of individual particles. For both separation processes, we trained a particle-based separation model that predicts the probability of individual particles to end up in the processing products. In particular, elongated particles were found to display a negative correlation between particle size and sphericity of metallic particles. In line with this correlation, the predicted metal recoveries are positively correlated with particle size but negatively correlated with sphericity in both separation processes. The suggested workflow is easily transferred to other recycling material systems. It allows to quantify the role of 3D geometrical particle properties in separation processes and provide robust predictions for the recoverability of different raw materials in complex recycling streams.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"561-570"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydrothermal pretreatment for enhanced thermochemical or biochemical conversion of pharmaceutical biowastes into fuels, fertilizers, and carbon materials. 通过水热预处理,加强制药生物废料向燃料、肥料和碳材料的热化学或生物化学转化。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.007
Yilin Wei, Xiang Meng, Weiyuan Meng, Lijian Leng, Zhiyong Zeng, Xinming Wang, Shengqiang Liu, Hao Zhan
{"title":"Hydrothermal pretreatment for enhanced thermochemical or biochemical conversion of pharmaceutical biowastes into fuels, fertilizers, and carbon materials.","authors":"Yilin Wei, Xiang Meng, Weiyuan Meng, Lijian Leng, Zhiyong Zeng, Xinming Wang, Shengqiang Liu, Hao Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical biowastes, rich in organic matter and high in moisture, are typical light industry byproducts with waste and renewable attributes. Thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies transform these residues into value-added bioproducts, including biofuels, biofertilizers, and bio-carbon materials. Hydrothermal pretreatment effectively removes toxic substances and enhances feedstock for these processes. This review comprehensively examines its role in improving the formation of bioproducts from pharmaceutical biowastes, focusing on (i) upgrading and denitrogenating solid biofuels with better combustion performance; (ii) enhancing biodegradability and gaseous biofuel production via organic matter decomposition; (iii) enriching soluble carbon and nitrogen for liquid biofertilizer; (iv) eliminating antibiotic residues and reducing antibiotic resistance in solid biofertilizers; and (v) stabilizing carbon and nitrogen structures and optimizing pore characteristics for functionalized carbon materials. The review recommends a potential staged thermochemical approach to co-produce nitrogen-enriched liquid biofertilizers and porous carbon materials from pharmaceutical biowastes. Hydrothermal pretreatment emerges as a key technique for facilitating the migration and conversion of essential elements like carbon and nitrogen. This study reveals the potential of hydrothermal pretreatment to address the limitations of pharmaceutical biowastes and offers insights into their valorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"207-220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceptions of value in retired smartphones: The role of monetary incentives in influencing end-of-hibernation decisions. 对退休智能手机价值的看法:货币激励在影响报废决定中的作用。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.015
Mostafa Sabbaghi
{"title":"Perceptions of value in retired smartphones: The role of monetary incentives in influencing end-of-hibernation decisions.","authors":"Mostafa Sabbaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each year, a significant number of smartphones are retired, yet retained by consumers. These hibernating smartphones have the reuse potential for another lifecycle. Nonetheless, they often stay in storage for a long time and may ultimately face inadequate recovery. This study explores consumers' perceptions regarding the value of hibernating smartphones over time. It examines the influence of factors such as the duration of smartphone storage and monetary incentives on users' decision-making regarding the End-of-Hibernation (EoH). The findings demonstrate that, on average, participants perceive the value of a newly retired smartphone to be 28% higher than its market value. This perceived value increases to 83% after three years since the smartphone's retirement. Participants' tendency to keep a hibernating smartphone increases as the gap between the monetary incentive and their perceived value of the device increases. Conversely, the longer the smartphone stays in hibernation, the less inclined users are to keep it.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"199-206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differentiating low-carbon waste management strategies for bio-based and biodegradable plastics under various energy decarbonization scenarios. 不同能源脱碳情景下生物基塑料和可生物降解塑料的低碳废物管理策略的区别。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.001
Yuxin Huang, Mengqi Han, Zhujie Bi, Nannan Gu, Dungang Gu, Tingting Hu, Guanghui Li, Jiaqi Lu
{"title":"Differentiating low-carbon waste management strategies for bio-based and biodegradable plastics under various energy decarbonization scenarios.","authors":"Yuxin Huang, Mengqi Han, Zhujie Bi, Nannan Gu, Dungang Gu, Tingting Hu, Guanghui Li, Jiaqi Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bio-based and biodegradable (bio-)plastics are heralded as a key solution to mitigate plastic pollution and reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Yet, their end-of-life treatments embodies complex energy and material interactions, potentially leading to emissions through incineration or recycling. This study investigates the cradle-to-grave, emphasizing the waste management stage, carbon footprint for several types of bio-plastics, leveraging both GWP100a and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake methods to explore the carbon reduction benefits of recycling over disposal. Our findings indicate that in scenarios characterized by carbon-intensive electricity, using polylactic acid (PLA) as an example, incineration with energy recovery (-1.6316 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg, PLA) yields a more favorable carbon footprint compared to chemical recycling (-1.5317 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg, PLA). In contrast, in environments with a high proportion of renewable energy, chemical recycling is a superior method, and compared to incineration (-1.4087 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg, PLA), the carbon footprint of chemical recycling (-2.0406 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg, PLA) are significantly reduced. While mechanical recycling presents considerable environmental benefits, its applicability is constrained by the waste quality, especially in the case of biodegradable plastics like PLA. In addition, the degradation of biodegradable plastics such as PLA was modeled during compost and anaerobic digestion processes. This enables us to quantify the specific biogenic carbon emissions released during these processing steps, revealing the direct emissions with dynamic degradation. This study highlights the importance of tailoring bio-plastic waste management strategies to support global energy decarbonization while understanding their life-cycle carbon metabolism to effectively tackle plastic pollution and climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"328-338"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An explainable machine learning system for efficient use of waste glasses in durable concrete to maximise carbon credits towards net zero emissions. 一个可解释的机器学习系统,用于有效利用耐用混凝土中的废玻璃,以最大限度地提高碳信用额,实现净零排放。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.034
Xu Huang, Junhui Huang, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
{"title":"An explainable machine learning system for efficient use of waste glasses in durable concrete to maximise carbon credits towards net zero emissions.","authors":"Xu Huang, Junhui Huang, Sakdirat Kaewunruen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recycling waste glass (WG) can be time-consuming, costly, and impractical. However, its incorporation into concrete significantly reduces environmental impact and carbon emissions. This paper introduces machine learning (ML) to civil engineering to optimise WG utilisation in concrete, supporting sustainability objectives. By employing a dataset of 471 experimental samples of waste glass concrete (WGC), various ML algorithms are applied, including Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Deep Neural Network (DNN), and k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN), to predict properties containing compressive strength (CS), alkali-silica reaction (ASR), and saved carbon credits (SCC). The proposed models achieve outstanding prediction performance with Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.95 for CS, 0.97 for ASR, and 0.99 for SCC using GBR and SVR, demonstrating high prediction accuracy with Root mean square error (RMSE) values of 3.31 MPa for CS, 0.03 % for ASR, and 0.11 for SCC. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is utilised to interpret the model results, ensuring transparency and interpretability of the proposed ML models. The results reveal that the incorporation level of WG is a more significant influencing factor for these properties than the mean size of WG (MSWG).</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"539-550"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advanced recycling and identification system for discarded capacitors utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology. 利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术的先进废旧电容器回收识别系统。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.044
Wenhan Gao, Boyuan Han, Yanpeng Ye, Yuyao Cai, Jun Feng, Yihui Yan, Yuzhu Liu
{"title":"Advanced recycling and identification system for discarded capacitors utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology.","authors":"Wenhan Gao, Boyuan Han, Yanpeng Ye, Yuyao Cai, Jun Feng, Yihui Yan, Yuzhu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the modern electronics industry, with the rapid development of technology and the quick turnover of electronic products, the production of electronic waste (e-waste) has also dramatically increased. Among these, discarded capacitors are a significant component of e-waste. These old capacitors not only contain harmful chemicals but are also rich in economically recoverable precious metals like Nb and Ag. This study specifically aims to enhance the classification of discarded capacitors to enable more efficient recycling and resource recovery.Traditional methods of capacitor classification mainly rely on manual identification, which is inefficient and limited in accuracy. To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of classification, this study introduces, for the first time, the combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology and machine learning for the classification of capacitors. The Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) algorithms can be trained to automatically identify and classify discarded capacitors. To achieve better performance, we developed a novel algorithm called the Optimized Feature Extraction Variance Algorithm (OFEVA), which addresses the limitations of existing methods by significantly improving the accuracy of the classification model. Compared to training with principal component scores data from traditional Principal Component Analysis (PCA), training with OFEVA achieves higher classification accuracy and computational efficiency.This innovative approach not only helps increase the recycling rate of discarded capacitors and reduce environmental pollution but also provides significant technical support for the reuse of resources, thereby making an important contribution to the fields of environmental protection and resource recycling. In addition, the spectral lines of pure niobium have been calibrated for the first time in this paper, providing important data for further spectroscopic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dry solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash by mayenite. 垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯盐和重金属的梅氏岩干固化研究。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.035
Xin Li, Dongdong Ge, Nanwen Zhu, Yukai Zong, Shi Cheng, Pin Zhou, Min Jiang, Yun Gu, Shouqiang Huang
{"title":"Dry solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash by mayenite.","authors":"Xin Li, Dongdong Ge, Nanwen Zhu, Yukai Zong, Shi Cheng, Pin Zhou, Min Jiang, Yun Gu, Shouqiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are hazardous substances such as chloride salts and heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (WIFA). During thermal treatment, the concentrated chlorides promote the volatilization of heavy metals, increasing the ecological risk. The water washing method is also employed as a pre-treatment for WIFA, but a substantial volume of wastewater with high chloride content is produced that poses challenges for effective treatment. This study integrates chemical stabilization with heat treatment method and suggests the utilization of a calcium aluminum oxide-mayenite (CA) for the solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in WIFA. The experimental results indicate that adding CA for heat treatment has a significant solidification effect on chlorides. Under the conditions of WIFA: CA mass ratio of 1: 1 and temperature of 1200 °C, the chloride ions were solidified by forming Ca<sub>12</sub>Al<sub>14</sub>O<sub>32</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, with a fixation efficiency of up to 85 %, and most of the chlorides in WIFA became insoluble instead of soluble. Most of the heavy metals in WIFA were immobilized and doped into the crystal structure of CA, forming the catalytic metal-rich Ca<sub>12</sub>Al<sub>14</sub>O<sub>32</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> phase, which was subsequently applied to the degradation of chlorobenzene. Under an initial concentration of 512 ppm, the degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene reached 50.4 %. Through the introduction of CA, not only the solidification of chloride and heavy metals is achieved, but the high-value resource utilization of the final heat treatment product is also realized, providing a new method for the disposal of fly ash.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"481-494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient reduction of electric arc furnace dust by CO/H2 derived from waste biomass: Biomass gasification, zinc removal kinetics and mechanism. 废生物质CO/H2高效还原电弧炉粉尘:生物质气化、除锌动力学及机理
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.049
Xingnan Huo, Dingzheng Wang, Jinlin Yang, Shaojian Ma
{"title":"Efficient reduction of electric arc furnace dust by CO/H<sub>2</sub> derived from waste biomass: Biomass gasification, zinc removal kinetics and mechanism.","authors":"Xingnan Huo, Dingzheng Wang, Jinlin Yang, Shaojian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) represents hazardous solid waste that poses substantial environmental risks, necessitating the urgent development of green and efficient recycling methods. Biomass, a renewable and carbon-neutral resource, offers a viable solution. This study proposes a synergistic process that integrates biomass gasification with reducing EAFD. The kinetics of zinc removal during the process were examined, and the synergistic reaction mechanisms between biomass gasification and EAFD reduction were analyzed through PY-GC/MS, SEM/EDS, XRD, TEM, and thermodynamic calculations. The findings demonstrated an exceptional zinc removal efficiency of 99.88%, governed primarily by interfacial chemical reactions. The synergistic reactions mutually enhanced the reduction of EAFD and the reforming of pyrolysis products. Furthermore, the process achieved low carbon emissions owing to the carbon cycle established through coupling reactions between the dust and biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supercritical CO2 coupled with water washing to enhance the removal of chlorine in MSWI fly ash together with its carbon sequestration function. 超临界二氧化碳与水洗相结合,可提高 MSWI 粉煤灰中氯的去除率和固碳功能。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.028
Huan Wang, Fenfen Zhu, Renhua Chen, Yuqun Qiu, Bing Zhao
{"title":"Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> coupled with water washing to enhance the removal of chlorine in MSWI fly ash together with its carbon sequestration function.","authors":"Huan Wang, Fenfen Zhu, Renhua Chen, Yuqun Qiu, Bing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high chlorine content in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is a key factor restricting its treatment and disposal. In this study, a new treatment method was proposed to enhance the deep dechlorination of fly ash by coupling supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SC) treatment with water washing. Simultaneously the alkaline compounds in fly ash can fix CO<sub>2</sub> and achieve CO<sub>2</sub> credits. The results showed that supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> significantly improved the removal of chlorine. The treatment of \"double water washing + SC + washing again\" reduced the chlorine content in fly ash to 0.83 %, while \"SC + double water washing + SC + washing again\" reduced the chlorine content to 0.88 %, and the removal rate of chlorine was as high as 96.8 % and 96.5 %, respectively. In addition, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> promoted the decomposition of insoluble chloride (Friedel's salt) and the removal rate of insoluble chloride salts can reach 89.1 %. On the other hand, after supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> treatment, fly ash can quickly and efficiently absorb CO<sub>2</sub>, and the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> absorbed after two supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> treatments was 64 g/kg. Lastly, supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> could significantly stabilize heavy metals in fly ash and reduce the concentrations of Pb and Cr in the washing solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"419-429"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeted metals extraction from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries via thermochemical-induced sulfation roasting: Thermodynamics & kinetics. 通过热化学诱导硫化焙烧从废旧镍钴锰电池中定向提取金属:热力学和动力学。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学
Waste management Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.025
Liumei Teng, Weizao Liu, Xu Duan, Zhuo Li, Cai Chen, Zhenghao Wang, Jian Yang, Qingcai Liu
{"title":"Targeted metals extraction from spent LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> batteries via thermochemical-induced sulfation roasting: Thermodynamics & kinetics.","authors":"Liumei Teng, Weizao Liu, Xu Duan, Zhuo Li, Cai Chen, Zhenghao Wang, Jian Yang, Qingcai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To alleviate the energy crisis and control environmental pollution raised by spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of efficient and economic methods for their recycling is crucial for sustainable development of new energy industry. Herein, a combined pyro - hydrometallurgical process was adopted for recovery of valuable metal elements for spent LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM523). Different from conventional pyrometallurgical methods with high temperature and energy consumption, the NH<sub>4</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub> roasting strategy works at 400 °C and achieves remarkable leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Mn, and Ni achieved 97.5 %, 91.4 %, 91.3 %, and 95.50 %, respectively. Under the ideal conditions, abundant water-soluble metal-ammine-sulfates and metal-sulfates were revolved from NCM523. The process factors, including sulfation-roasting temperature, reagent mass ratio, roasting time, are intensively studied. Furthermore, a plausible reaction mechanism was deeply investigated with assistance of macro-micro scale, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. Wherein, the Li of the NCM523 first react sufficiently with NH<sub>4</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub> owing to higher thermodynamic/kinetic motivation at the primary stage during the sulfation-roasting procedure. Subsequently, the transition metal (Ni, Co, and Mn) from the lithium-depleted NCM523 would revolve to corresponding metal-ammine-sulfates or metal sulfates, and their sulfation-roasting kinetics conformed to the unreacted nuclear model. This study proposed an alternative green route of low energy consumption and acid-free procedure for recovering spent NCM batteries, which is conducive to industrial-scale recycling of waste LIBs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"193 ","pages":"430-442"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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