中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Association between prediabetes and glomerular hyperfiltration status in residents in China].","authors":"Y Hou, M Zhang, X Zhang, Z P Zhao, C Li, M T Yu, L M Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240408-00177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240408-00177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the association between pre-diabetes and glomerular hyperfiltration status in residents in China. <b>Methods:</b> The study subjects were the non-diabetes population in China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2018. According to the definition of prediabetes, the study subjects were divided into normoglycemic and pre-diabetes groups, and multivariate factorial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between prediabetes and the risk for glomerular hyperfiltration and glomerular filtration rate decline, respectively. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose-response relationship between different glycemic indexes and the risk for glomerular hyperfiltration. <b>Results:</b> A total of 129 735 eligible study subjects aged 18 to 74 years were included, including 45 336 persons with prediabetes. After adjusting for confounders, the <i>OR</i> for glomerular hyperfiltration in the prediabetes group was 1.26 (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.20-1.32) compared with the normoglycemic group, and prediabetes was not associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (<i>OR</i>=1.03, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.96-1.12). Age-stratified results showed a 28% increase of risk for glomerular hyperfiltration in prediabetes group compared with normoglycemic group in those aged 18-59 year (<i>OR</i>=1.28, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.21-1.35), and a 15% increase of risk in old adults aged 60-74 years (<i>OR</i>=1.15, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.05-1.25); the risk for glomerular hyperfiltration in women with prediabetes (<i>OR</i>=1.38, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.29-1.47) was higher than that in men with prediabetes (<i>OR</i>=1.14, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.06-1.22); and the risk for prediabetes glomerular hyperfiltration was higher in those with insufficient physical activity (<i>OR</i>=1.29, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.22-1.36) than in those who were physically active (<i>OR</i>=1.16, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.04-1.29). Restricted cubic spline results showed that fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and glomerular hyperfiltration risk all showed U-shaped associations, and 2 hours blood glucose glomerular hyperfiltration risk after taking sugar showed an approximate J-shaped association. <b>Conclusions:</b> The risk for glomerular hyperfiltration exists in the prediabetes population, and prediabetes is not associated with the decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Hyperglycemia control at an early and reversible stage is important to prevent glomerular hyperfiltration developing to hypofiltration and renal impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of frailty and importance of influencing factors in adults in Shaanxi Province].","authors":"Z K Li, Y Huang, Z P Wang, H Jing, Y X Teng, Y Z Liu, Y Shen, Q Li, B B Mi, J M Yang, H Yan, S N Dang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240612-00345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240612-00345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the prevalence of frailty and the importance of its influencing factors in adult population in Shaanxi Province. <b>Methods:</b> The data were from Shaanxi baseline survey of natural population cohort study in northwest China during 2018-2019. The frailty index (FI) was constructed to evaluate the frailty status of the population, and XGboost model combined with Shapley method was used to analyze the importance of the sociodemographic and life behavior factors affecting the prevalence of frailty by gender and age. <b>Results:</b> A total of 25 079 subjects were included, in whom 964 (3.8%) had frailty, and there was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of frailty between women (3.9%) and men (3.8%) (<i>P</i>=0.629), but there was a gender specific difference in the distribution of FI (<i>P</i><0.001), and the proportion of the pre-frailty in men was higher than that in women. The prevalence of frailty increased with age (<i>P</i><0.001), the prevalence of frailty were 1.3%, 2.5% and 7.8% in young, middle-aged and elderly women, respectively, and 1.9%, 2.7% and 5.5% in young, middle-aged and elderly men, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle patterns were both influencing factors for the prevalence of frailty, but their importance varied with gender and age. The top five contributing factors were education level, staying up late, annual family income level, sedentary time and marital status in young women, and staying up late, smoking, annual family income level, sedentary time and drinking in young men. The top five contributing factors were education level, annual family income level, passive exposure to smoking, staying up late, and sedentary time in middle-aged women, and annual family income level, education level, sedentary time, staying up late and drinking in middle-aged men. The top five contributing factors were annual family income level, passive exposure to smoking, sedentary time, marital status, and smartphone use in elderly women, and education level, annual family income level, smoking, smartphone use and sedentary time in elderly men. <b>Conclusions:</b> There are gender specific differences in the distribution of FI in Shaanxi. The prevalence of frailty increased with age, but young and middle-aged people also have frailty risk. The prevalence of frailty in young men was mainly related to unhealthy life behaviors, such as staying up late, smoking, sedentary behavior and drinking, while the prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and elderly men and women were more affected by sociodemographic factors, such as education level, economic status and marital status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in adults with hypertension in China].","authors":"Y M Chen, Z P Zhao, M Zhang, X Zhang, C Li, M T Yu, L M Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240423-00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240423-00212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and influencing factors in adults with hypertension in China and provide evidence for the management of CKD in hypertension patients. <b>Methods:</b> The prevalence data of CKD in hypertension patients in China were collected from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2018, the data of 68 829 hypertension patients were analyzed. After complex weighting, the prevalence of CKD in the study population was compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of CKD in adults with hypertension. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of CKD in the hypertension patients was 18.2% (95%<i>CI</i>: 17.4%-19.0%) and increased with age, and the prevalence was 16.4% in men and 20.6% in women (<i>P</i><0.001). In different age groups, CKD at stage G1 mainly occurred in those aged 18-44 and 45-59 years, with the prevalence of 10.8% and 7.8%, respectively, while CKD at stages G2 and G3a mainly occurred in those aged >60 years, with the prevalence of 9.4% and 9.7%. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that in the hypertension patients, being aged ≥60 years, being women, smoking (including current and ever smoking), physical inactivity, being underweight or obese, and suffering from diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were the potential risk factors for CKD (all <i>P</i><0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of CKD was higher in people with hypertension than in general population in China, and age, gender, smoking status, physical activity level, and suffering from diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia or not were significant influencing factors. It is necessary to strengthen health education and kidney function testing in adults with hypertension and develop comprehensive CKD prevention and control measures targeting high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in research of incidence of co-infection of HIV and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and influencing factors].","authors":"R Z Liu, R Su, D M Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240806-00478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240806-00478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-infection of HIV and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) poses a severe challenge for the prevention and control of infectious disease, resulting in poor clinical outcomes of the patients and risk for wide spread. As steady progress in global health, the co-infection of HIV/MTB has been basically controlled, and the new cases are generally declining. However, its incidence remained high in resource-limited areas. The incidence of the co-infection of HIV/MTB is associated with the interaction among individual, social, health service, and natural factors. Comprehensive measures are needed to reduce this disease burden. This paper summarized the epidemiological characteristics of the co-infection of HIV/MTB and influencing factors both at home and abroad to provide evidence for the identifications of high-risk populations and areas and development of targeted prevention measures for the purpose of reduce the incidence of co-infection of HIV/MTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Statistical methods for extremely unbalanced data in genome-wide association study (2)].","authors":"N Xie, W J Bi, Z W Zhang, F Shao, Y Y Wei, Y Zhao, R Y Zhang, F Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240712-00422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240712-00422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extremely unbalanced data refers to datasets with independent or dependent variables showing severe imbalances in proportions, which might lead to deviation of classical test statistics from theoretical distribution and difficulties in controlling type Ⅰ error. The increased availability of genome-wide resources from large population cohorts has highlighted the growing demand for efficient and accurate statistical methods for the process of extremely unbalanced data to improve the development of genetic statistical methods. This paper introduces two widely used correction methods in current genome-wide association study for extremely unbalanced data, i.e. Firth correction and saddle point approximation, describes their effectiveness in controlling type Ⅰ errors confirmed by simulation experiments, finally, and summarizes the commonly used software for extremely unbalanced genomic data to provide theoretical reference and suggestion for its application for the statistical analysis on extremely unbalanced data in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of premature deaths from malignant tumors on life expectancy among Chinese residents, 1990-2021].","authors":"X Y Liao, Y C Zhou, J M Liu, Y N Liu, M G Zhou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240626-00377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240626-00377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze premature deaths from malignant tumors among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021, and to quantify the extent to which changes in premature mortality from malignant tumors affect life expectancy among people aged 30 to 69 years. <b>Methods:</b> Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data on selected causes of death in China, the malignant tumor mortality rate was estimated for Chinese residents aged 30-69 years from 1990 to 2021, and life expectancy and de-malignant cause-of-death life expectancy were calculated based on the abridged life table for the Chinese population. Arriaga's decomposition method was used to assess the extent to which changes in malignant tumors mortality contributed to changes in life expectancy for people aged 30-69 years and Potential gains in life expectancy (PGLEs) for people aged 30- 69 years. <b>Results:</b> From 1990 to 2021, the standardized mortality rate of malignant tumors among Chinese people aged 30-69 years decreased from 154.29/100 000 to 98.58/100 000, and the change in the mortality rate of malignant tumors among people aged 30-69 years contributed to the increase of life expectancy of about 0.78 years, and the largest contribution was made by the age group aged 55-59 years, which was about 0.17 years. Among the top 10 malignant tumors, the largest \"positive contributions\" are stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, and liver cancer, with a cumulative contribution of 0.55 years, while pancreatic cancer hurts the increase of overall life expectancy. The PGLEs of malignant tumors for the population aged 30-69 years will be 1.69 years in 2021, which is higher for men (1.97 years) than for women (1.32 years). The top 5 malignant tumors causing loss of life expectancy in the population were tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer, in that order. Compared with 1990, in 2021, PGLEs for malignant tumors among people aged 30-69 years increased in seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), including Yunnan and Guizhou, and the rest saw a decline, with the largest decrease in Anhui Province. <b>Conclusions:</b> The standardized mortality rate of malignant tumors among Chinese residents aged 30-69 years declined from 1990 to 2021;the change in mortality rate of malignant tumors showed a positive effect on the growth of life expectancy, the change in PGLEs of malignant tumors varied among provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and premature deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and gastrointestinal malignant tumors still need to be paid attention to.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Change trend of disease burden of chronic kidney disease mortality in Chongqing, 2012-2023].","authors":"X B Ding, Y Jiao, J S Tang, X Y Lyu, R Ding, L L Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240518-00286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240518-00286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze change trend of disease burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) mortality between 2012 and 2023 in Chongqing, and provide suggestion for CKD prevention. <b>Methods:</b> The mortality data of CKD were collected from Chongqing death registration between 2012 and 2023 according to International Classification of Diseases 10^th. The data were analyzed to calculate mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, age specific mortality rate, and the rate of years of life lost (YLL) and proportion by using software SPSS 26.0. The mortality rate of CKD between men and women, urban area and rural area were compared by <i>χ</i>² test. The change trend was described by average annual percent of change (AAPC). <b>Results:</b> The mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of CKD were 7.94/100 000 and 4.63/100 000 respectively in 2012 and 6.70/100 000 and 2.79/100 000 respectively in 2023 in Chongqing. The difference in change of CKD mortality rate was not significant (AAPC=-0.79%, <i>t</i>=-1.60, <i>P</i>=0.273). However, the standardized mortality rate of CKD decreased by 3.59% (<i>t</i>=-3.98, <i>P</i>=0.003) from 2012 to 2023. The mortality rate of CKD was higher in men than in women in 2014 and 2022, the differences were significant (all <i>P</i><0.05). The standardized mortality rate of CKD in men and women decreased by 3.17% and 4.11% respectively between 2012 and 2023, the difference was significant (all <i>P</i><0.05). The mortality rate of CKD had been higher in urban area than in rural area since 2016 (all <i>P</i><0.05). During this period, the mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of CKD in urban area remained stable, but the mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of CKD in rural area showed average annual decreases of 2.21% and 4.90%, the differences were significant (all <i>P</i><0.05). The proportion of CKD due to hypertension decreased, but the proportion of CKD due to diabetes and other causes increased. The rate of age standardized YLL of CKD showed an average annual decrease of 2.83%, the differences were significant (<i>P</i>=0.011). <b>Conclusions:</b> The standardized mortality rate and age standardized YLL of CKD decreased from 2012 to 2023 in Chongqing. Men, urban residents and the elderly are key populations in CKD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of dyslipidemia and influencing factors in HIV-infected people before starting antiretroviral therapy in China, 2018-2023].","authors":"H L Jia, L Wei, Y X Geng, X M Gan, D C Zhao, Y Zhao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240902-00546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240902-00546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the prevalence of baseline dyslipidemia in HIV-infected people before starting antiviral therapy (ART) in China. <b>Methods:</b> The data were collected from HIV/AIDS ART database of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A national sample of HIV- infected people who initiated ART from 2018 to 2023 was used to collect baseline information, including sociodemographic characteristics and laboratory test results. According to the Chinese Lipid Management Guidelines (2023) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ guidelines, triglyceride (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/L or total cholesterol (TC) ≥5.2 mmol/L were identified as dyslipidemia. Statistical analysis was performed with software SAS 9.4. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing TG and TC abnormalities in HIV-infected patients before ART. <b>Results:</b> A total of 359 952 adults infected with HIV were included in this study, the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 38.41% (138 263/359 952). The abnormal rates of TG and TC were 31.40% (113 041/359 952) and 13.75% (49 494/359 952), respectively. In all age groups except for the 25-44 age groups, the abnormal rates of TG and TC were higher in HIV-infected women than in HIV-infected men. In HIV-infected patients, women, those aged 45-64 years, those lived in northeast region, those had heterosexual transmission, and those with BMI ≥28.0 kg/m², CD4⁺T lymphocytes counts ≥500 cells/µl had higher rates of baseline dyslipidemia (all <i>P</i><0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The abnormal rate of TG in HIV-infected people before ART was higher in China from 2018 to 2023, especially in HIV-infected women, and the abnormal rate of TG and TC increased with age. Attention should be paid to the clinical diagnosis and ART selection in the treatment of HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected pregnant women and influencing factors in some regions of China, 2017-2023].","authors":"X W Li, A L Wang, Y L Cao, Q H Qin, J R Zheng, X H Xie, Maimaitiming Aibibai, L L Guan, X Y Wang, D X Huang, Q Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240827-00532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240827-00532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women and influencing factors in China and provide reference for the improvement of the health status of HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns. <b>Methods:</b> Based on a mother-child cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women and children (PMTCT-MC-2005) established in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, this study enrolled pregnant women with or without HIV infection as study subjects from January 2017 to June 2023, a total of 1 646 pregnant women (558 HIV-infected and 1 088 HIV-uninfected) were included, and 34 cases with missing data were excluded. The <i>χ</i>² test was used to analyze the difference in the incidence adverse pregnancy outcome between two groups, and used logistic regression model to identify the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1 612 pregnant women were included in the study, in whom 541 were infected with HIV and 1 071 were not infected with HIV. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 18.8% (303/1 612), the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 33.1% (179/541) in the HIV-infected pregnant women and 11.6% (124/1 071) in the pregnant women without HIV infection. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome were age <35 years at delivery (a<i>OR</i>=0.64, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.43-0.95) compared with the age ≥35 years and the duration of antiviral treatment over 10 years (a<i>OR</i>=0.43, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.23-0.79) compared with less than one year. <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women was high in some regions of China during 2017-2023. It is necessary for HIV-infected women to get pregnancy at appropriate time based on antiretroviral treatment effect and strengthen self-care to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 1","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between short-term ambient air pollution exposure and arterial stiffness and effect modification of obesity].","authors":"Y X Tan, H X Peng, Y Zheng, S Y Wang, Y Q Wu, X Y Qin, J Li, T Wu, D F Chen, M Y Wang, Y H Hu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240531-00320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240531-00320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To assess the association between short-term ambient air pollution exposure and arterial stiffness and whether obesity modifies these associations. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted based on Fangshan family cohort in Beijing. The 24 hours average air pollutant levels on the day cohort participants took baseline survey were calculated as short-term air pollution. A generalized additive model (GAM) with Gaussian links was used to estimate changes in typical carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BAPWV), pulse pressure (PP) and ankle-branchial index (ABI) after short-term exposure to each air pollution (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO). The cross-product terms of each air pollution, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio were included in the GAM model to test the interaction. Further, they conducted a stratified analysis to test their effects on the relationship between short-term exposure to each air pollution and the arterial stiffness indicators. <b>Results:</b> A total of 4 211 individuals were included in the analysis. Individuals' age was (58.9±8.7) years, of which 2 268 (53.9%) were female. Several covariates, including sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and history of drugs, were included in the analysis. The results of the GAM analysis showed that an increase in PM_2.5 (<i>β</i>=2.912×10^-4, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.424×10^-4-4.400×10^-4, <i>P</i><0.001), CO (<i>β</i>=0.027, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.011-0.043, <i>P</i><0.001), SO₂ (<i>β</i>=2.070×10^-3, 95%<i>CI</i>: 7.060×10^-4-3.430×10^-3, <i>P</i>=0.003), and NO₂ (<i>β</i>=3.650×10^-4, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.340×10^-5-7.060×10^-4, <i>P</i>=0.036) were associated with an increase in CIMT, while an increase in PM₁₀ (<i>β</i>=0.018, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.002-0.033, <i>P</i>=0.028) was associated with an increase in PP in the study population. Besides, the waist-to-hip ratio had an effect-modification on the correlation of short-term exposure of PM_2.5 (interaction <i>P</i>=0.015), NO₂ (interaction <i>P</i>=0.008), and CO (interaction <i>P</i>=0.044) with CIMT, and the correlation between short-term exposure of PM_2.5 (interaction <i>P</i>=0.002), NO₂ (interaction <i>P</i>=0.010), CO (interaction <i>P</i>=0.029), PM₁₀ (interaction <i>P</i><0.001) with PP. The significant association between CIMT, PP, and air pollution concentrations was more visible in people with lower waist-to-hip ratios. <b>Conclusions:</b> Short-term ambient air pollution exposure was associated with arterial stiffness indicators, and there was an effect modification of waist-to-hip ratio on these associations, and lower waist-to-hip ratios may enhance the association between air pollution exposure and indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"45 12","pages":"1639-1648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}