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Zbiorowość i tożsamość w polskojęzycznych czasopismach nurtu asymilacyjnego (1870–1910)
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7674
Magdalena Piekara
{"title":"Zbiorowość i tożsamość w polskojęzycznych czasopismach nurtu asymilacyjnego (1870–1910)","authors":"Magdalena Piekara","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7674","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to discussion taking place in the Polish-language Jewish press in\u0000the second half of the 19th century concerning the concepts of identity and community. In the\u0000period covered by this paper, there were political and social processes, in which the above\u0000mentioned terminology played a key role. The anti-Semitic slogans appearing more and\u0000more often in the 1870s made the Polish maskils develop a unified discourse on nationality\u0000or tribalism. Similarly, since the 1880s supporters of assimilation entered into a dispute on\u0000the fundamental matters with the Zionist movement. All these factors “enforced” specific\u0000definitions, sometimes even declarations, placed in the press.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128666151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
„Polscy Aryjczycy”. Pomiędzy naukowymi podstawami mitu a mitycznymi korzeniami nauki w dyskursie słowiańskim XIX wieku
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7716
Marta Taperek
{"title":"„Polscy Aryjczycy”. Pomiędzy naukowymi podstawami mitu a mitycznymi korzeniami nauki w dyskursie słowiańskim XIX wieku","authors":"Marta Taperek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7716","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to reflection on the role of the Aryan discourse in the research of Slavophiles of the 19th century. Traditional studies on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs conducted by historians on the basis of ancient “scraps” and incomplete sources did not give the answer that would satisfy the political ambitions of the Poles. The inclusion of ethnographic and linguistic methods into the Slavic studies helped create the narrative in which the journey, made by the early Slavs from the Land of Aryans, became a full history of the people’s origin. The conviction about the Indo-Iranian origin of the Slavs shaped the mythical thinking and attempts to create a story legitimizing the right to self-determination and the historical significance of this group. The belief in ancient Aryan heritage considerably changed political orientation and the pursuit of a new identity – free of inferiority complex with respect to the West and ready to dictate its own conditions. Discussing the issues related to race and racial differences between particular peoples, including the ones belonging to the Slavic family, showed the authors’ political views and the future of the nation they envisaged. It also deepened the split within the Slavic studies. The sources available and studied by the Slavic history researchers did not provide clear answers to the question whether the Slavs are direct descendants of the Aryans, therefore the research and texts that are examined in the article have creational and commentary nature and serve the function of creating narratives shaping the community. The aim of this approach will be to reflect on how scientific discourse creates the foundations for identity myths.","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130116395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Między poczuciem wyższości cywilizacyjnej a autoidentyfikacją, między rasą a narodem. Polska i Chiny w drugiej połowie XIX wieku
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7691
Anna Kołos
{"title":"Między poczuciem wyższości cywilizacyjnej a autoidentyfikacją, między rasą a narodem. Polska i Chiny w drugiej połowie XIX wieku","authors":"Anna Kołos","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7691","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses, on the one hand, three stages of developing views about race and superiority of European civilization reflected in the second half of the 19th century in aggressive social-Darwinism of positivists, and on the other it confronts racial generalizations with nation-centered thinking, which played an extremely important role in identity discourse of the Poles. On the example of China and the Siberian-Chinese borderland, it can be noticed that perception of geography and the ethnic diversity in the world through the prism of great historiosophical and racial constructions is manifested in quite widespread adaptation of orientalizing language of the hegemon speaking about backwardness, lack of maturity for modernization and definite supremacy of Europe, while resistance to the oppression of the partitioners, and more broadly to the colonial policy of the European powers allows in Poland, contemptuously called Halb-Asien, like in the case of Indians and Boers, creating a kind of auto-colonial identification with the seemingly “exotic” nation.","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115848252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
„Połniejszyj bardak i untiergang”. O degeneracji w literaturze (z nieustającym odniesieniem do Maxa Nordaua)
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7681
Eliza Kącka
{"title":"„Połniejszyj bardak i untiergang”. O degeneracji w literaturze (z nieustającym odniesieniem do Maxa Nordaua)","authors":"Eliza Kącka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7681","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the topic of degeneration, thereby bringing back the name Max\u0000Nordau for reflection on the literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.\u0000Nordau’s writings are not, however, the subject of autonomous reflection or ideological\u0000reconstruction here. The aim is to present a model of the attitude stigmatizing everything that\u0000the author of Entartung considered a disease. Branding literature and art as degenerate meets\u0000with the crisis of the late nineteenth century – partly envisaging this crisis, partly aggravating\u0000it. In this perspective – tracing the signs of degeneration not following Nordau, but referring\u0000to his diagnoses – I read selected works of H.G. Wells, Wacław Berent, Jerzy Żuławski, and\u0000Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz. The theme of degeneration itself is differently functionalized\u0000and metaphorized in their writings. Common for them appears to be a pessimistic attitude\u0000to evolution as in fact involution, increasing morbidity, bestiality, misfortune.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124127877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rasa jako kategoria waloryzująca i estetyczna (na przykładzie opisu postaci)
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7677
Tadeusz Budrewicz
{"title":"Rasa jako kategoria waloryzująca i estetyczna (na przykładzie opisu postaci)","authors":"Tadeusz Budrewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7677","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the concept of race, which was used in the Polish novel in the\u0000years 1870–1930. At that time, the concept became very popular in the language of\u0000the intelligentsia. The analysis showed the existence of three types of categorization of race:\u0000a) ethnic (it included the semantics of the past, space, tribalism, heredity; it positively\u0000valorized OUR MEN and negatively STRANGERS),\u0000b) socio-cultural (categories of heredity, family, kinship, sphere, custom, tradition, it was\u0000responsible for solidifying SOCIAL HIERARCHY),\u0000c) aesthetic (the category of race in the character description concerned the face, arms\u0000and legs; the racial parts of the body positively valorized the character; aestheticism was\u0000based on frequent comparisons to the sculpture, the ideal of BEAUTY became the Hellenic\u0000type.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125395354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Kłopoty z „rasą” – przypadek Ludwika Krzywickiego
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7670
Damian Włodzimierz Makuch
{"title":"Kłopoty z „rasą” – przypadek Ludwika Krzywickiego","authors":"Damian Włodzimierz Makuch","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7670","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the transformations of Ludwik Krzywicki’s views on race. First, based on the biographical and intellectual context, an important place of anthropological reflection of the author of Ludy [Peoples] is pointed out. Krzywicki, aware of the threats coming from the young discipline, perceived it, however, as the chance for the development of science and society. Further in the article, the problems of researchers with ambiguous value judgments about race appearing in the anthropological works of the Polish Marxist are discussed and compared with the difficulties of Krzywicki himself, who from the very beginning of dealing with ethnographic research tried to systematize the reflection on the subject. The fuzzy scope of meaning, ideological burdens, arbitrariness, relativity, and conventionality of the concept of race ultimately led the author to reject the problematic category but also contributed to the development of quantitative and qualitative sociological analysis in his later studies.","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127030348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
„Człowiek był krwawym bydlęciem od przyjścia na świat” – o nowoczesnej rasie „ludzkich bydląt”
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7663
Ireneusz Gielata
{"title":"„Człowiek był krwawym bydlęciem od przyjścia na świat” – o nowoczesnej rasie „ludzkich bydląt”","authors":"Ireneusz Gielata","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7663","url":null,"abstract":"The article, referring to the texts about crowd by Le Bon and Maria Konopnicka, presents the history of the modern subject who discovers wildness surrounding him. Recognizing wildness, the authors of the end of the 19th century reached for evolutionary logic, to be precise to the parameter of biological races treating the phenomenon of “crowd” as a sign of wildness. According to this logic, crowd became a kind of “desocialized horde” (Konopnicka), social “heap”, which was subject to temporary “regress”. Modern mind was then defined by street crowd through the discourse of natural sciences falling into an impassable aporia: lower – higher.","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130137372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Koncepcja rasy we lwowskiej szkole typologicznej
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7666
Dobrosława Wężowicz-Ziółkowska
{"title":"Koncepcja rasy we lwowskiej szkole typologicznej","authors":"Dobrosława Wężowicz-Ziółkowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7666","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the concept of race developed in 1913–1938 by the so-called Lviv typological school, constituting one of the factions of the then actively developed Polish anthropology. The author discusses the concepts of this school in the broad context of the era, stating that the concepts of the school, including the concepts of its founder – Jan Czekanowski, built on the grounds of the Mendelian inheritance theory and fascination with quantitative methods, despite seeking objectivity were determined by the then spreading idea of human racial diversity.","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
„Dziwni to ludzie, ci Aryjczycy!” Utopia rasowa w Gościach z Marsa Władysława Satkego
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7700
Wacław Forajter
{"title":"„Dziwni to ludzie, ci Aryjczycy!” Utopia rasowa w Gościach z Marsa Władysława Satkego","authors":"Wacław Forajter","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7700","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the forgotten science fiction novel entitled Goście z Marsa by\u0000Władysław Satke with regard to “racial” ideology of the turn of the century. It primarily\u0000focuses on reconstruction of the ideological and intertextual background with particular\u0000reference to the 19th-century typologies of “races” and scientific theories based on them.\u0000Furthermore, the article addresses the issue of utopia and its limitations as a literary genre.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115412335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Yellow Race’ in Polish and Serbian Travel Writing from the Second Half of the 19th Century and the First Half of the 20th Century 19世纪下半叶和20世纪上半叶波兰和塞尔维亚游记中的“黄种人”
Przegląd Humanistyczny Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7696
Tomasz Ewertowski
{"title":"‘Yellow Race’ in Polish and Serbian Travel Writing from the Second Half of the 19th Century and the First Half of the 20th Century","authors":"Tomasz Ewertowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0012.7696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7696","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the paper is to show how a discourse on the so-called yellow race functioned in the Polish and Serbian travel writings from the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Examination of the semantics of the term ‘yellow race’ is also proffered. Analysis of writers from Poland and Serbia makes it possible to introduce an interesting comparative perspective. Three main problems analyzed in the article are: a conflict of races, interracial relationships and the so-called yellow peril.","PeriodicalId":239308,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Humanistyczny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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