Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Validation of Recalibrated TONOVET Plus and TONOVET Pro in Canine Eyes Compared to Manometer and TONOVET.","authors":"Jiwon Lee, Wontae Kim, Jaeho Shim, Yujin Kim, Seonmi Kang, Young-Kyoung Yoo, Young-Ho Lee, Kangmoon Seo","doi":"10.1111/vop.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of recalibrated TONOVET Plus (rTVP) and the newly released TONOVET Pro (TVPR) in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in ex vivo canine eyes compared to manometer and the established TONOVET (TV).</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>Sixteen enucleated canine eyes were cannulated to establish manometric IOPs ranging from 5 to 80 mmHg. IOP measurements were obtained using TV, rTVP, and TVPR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All tonometers showed a strong correlation with the manometer (R² > 0.98). Measurements from rTVP and TVPR exhibited almost perfect agreement with the manometer (CCC = 0.9974 for both), whereas TV demonstrated lower agreement (CCC = 0.9874) associated with greater systematic bias. Specifically, TV showed a lower proportional bias (95% confidence interval [CI] of the slope = 0.987-1.006) but a larger systematic bias (intercept = -3.33 mmHg) compared to rTVP and TVPR (95% CI of the slope = 1.045-1.066 and 1.045-1.063; intercept = -2.532 and -2.633 mmHg, respectively). In accuracy analyses by range, rTVP and TVPR showed no significant difference from the manometer in the 30-70 mmHg and 35-80 mmHg IOP ranges, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the ICare rebound tonometers, rTVP and TVPR provided the most accurate IOP measurements in the ex vivo analysis and demonstrated particularly strong agreement in the high IOP range, suggesting their suitability for IOP measurement in glaucomatous patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular Pressure Reference Values Comparing Two Rebound Tonometers (TonoVet and TonoVet Plus) in Male Camels (Camelus dromedarius).","authors":"Maria Luisa Perez Orrico, Mikel Sabater Gonzalez, Jessica Villar Ibañez, Javier Planas Escudero, Kinley Smith, Rodrigo Pinheiro de Lacerda, Samuela Mazzucchelli","doi":"10.1111/vop.13327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) reference values in healthy male camels using two rebound tonometers: TonoVet (TV) and TonoVet Plus (TV+), and to compare measurements between both devices and in different body positions.</p><p><strong>Animals' studied: </strong>Thirty-four healthy, captive, adult (8-24 years and a median age of 14), male camels belonging to a zoological collection in Fuerteventura, Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All camels underwent general physical examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and tonometry, under minimal physical restraint (headstall and chute). Three consecutive readings were acquired with TV and/or TV+ in the right and/or left eyes in standing and/or sitting positions, whenever possible. Comparisons between groups were made when paired data for the test variable was available for the same eye (for tonometer and body position) or for the same animal (for left and right eyes) using paired t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean IOP (± standard error and range) in standing position was 18.51 mmHg (0.52, 10.33-24.33 mmHg) for TV and 19.53 mmHg (0.50, 12.33-26.33 mmHg) for TV+. In sitting position, the IOP was 14.70 mmHg (0.49, 11.33-18.33 mmHg) for TV and 16.28 mmHg (0.47, 13-19.66 mmHg) for TV+. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011, respectively) in standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV, in any body position (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between right and left eyes, except for TV+ in standing position, with the IOP in the left eye being significantly higher (20.58 mmHg versus 18.51 mmHg, p = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report estimating the IOP reference values in male camels comparing two different rebound tonometers. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher in the standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV (in any body position). Further studies with female individuals and different age groups are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of CT Scan as a Diagnostic Tool in Pet Rabbits Presenting With Signs of Ophthalmic Disease.","authors":"Lauren-Tess Goossens, Susanne A E B Boroffka, Michaela Gumpenberger, Nico J Schoemaker, Inge J M Slenter, Rick F Sanchez","doi":"10.1111/vop.13324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the findings of computed tomography (CT) used to investigate signs of ophthalmic disease in pet rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of records of patients with signs of ophthalmic disease that underwent CT scans in three referral centers between 2001 and 2022. Signalment, presenting ophthalmic and nonophthalmic complaints, CT findings, and restrain modality were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 85 rabbits representing 14 breeds including 28/85 (32.9%) crossbreed/unknown and 25/85 (29.4%) Dwarf rabbits. The top presenting ophthalmic complaints were ocular discharge (48/85, 56.5%), exophthalmos (34/85, 40%), and epiphora (14/85, 16.5%), while 38/85 (44.7%) rabbits also had nonophthalmic complaints. Anesthetic complications forced 1/85 (1.18%) CTs to be stopped. There were ophthalmic abnormalities in the remaining 81/84 (96.4%) CTs with exophthalmos and/or nasolacrimal duct disease affecting 76/81 (93.8%) rabbits and 68/81 (84%) also showing nonophthalmic abnormalities. Ophthalmic abnormalities were seen with nonophthalmic disease in 64/81 (79%) rabbits with dental disease being the most common (52/64, 81.3%) although only 20/52 (38.5%) had presented with dental complaints. No association was found between the presence of exophthalmos and/or NLD disease and dental disease. There were no obvious image artifacts in the 4/84 (4.8%) physically restrained patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Examination with CT in the present study mainly supported the investigation of ocular discharge, exophthalmos, and epiphora, and of possible local and systemic involvement in one eye with intraocular neoplasia. Adnexal disease was often seen with previously unknown, nonophthalmic pathology, which warrants prospective, controlled studies. Image quality studies in a large number of physically restrained patients are also warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Oral Macrocyclic Lactone Heartworm Preventatives on Retinal Function and Chromatic Pupillary Light Reflex in Healthy Companion Dogs.","authors":"Ryan G Hopper, Allison L Ludwig, Michele M Salzman, Ethan Elazegui, Callie M Rogers, Ellison Bentley, Freya M Mowat","doi":"10.1111/vop.13319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine the effect of oral macrocyclic lactone heartworm-preventative medications on retinal function and chromatic pupillary light reflex (cPLR) in healthy dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Cross-sectional retrospective: 60 dogs (n = 33 females) with heartworm medication administration status and electroretinogram (ERG) data available. Prospective clinical study: 25 dogs (n = 10 females) had ERG performed, 18 of which had cPLR performed.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Retrospective: ERG amplitudes/peak times were compared between dogs that had or had not received oral heartworm preventatives. Bivariate and multiple variable linear regression models were used to evaluate relationships between ERG testing and heartworm preventive administration status, age, and sex.</p><p><strong>Prospective: </strong>ERG and cPLR testing were performed at a baseline visit (minimum 14 days since last preventative administration), and a second visit where ERG/cPLR testing was performed 4 h after oral preventative administration. Mixed effects models and Mann-Whitney U statistics were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retrospective: There was no association between heartworm preventive administration status and ERG amplitudes or peak times (all p-values > 0.12).</p><p><strong>Prospective: </strong>Heartworm preventative had no effect on light- and dark-adapted ERG amplitudes or peak times (all p-values > 0.56). Similarly, there was no effect on baseline pupil size (p = 0.83), nor on cPLR (p = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant effects of oral macrocyclic lactones on retinal/cPLR function at preventative doses were identified. While small effects on retinal/cPLR function cannot be completely ruled out, it remains unlikely that these medications cause clinically significant visual deficits at prescribed doses, and proven antiparasitic benefits likely far outweigh small potential ophthalmic risks of administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrobulbar Infiltrative Lipoma in a Dog.","authors":"Trace Presley, Emi Sasaki, Bianca S de Cecco, Renee T Carter, Alissa St Blanc, Nathalie Rademacher, Pilar Camacho-Luna","doi":"10.1111/vop.13322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 6-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog presented to the \"Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital &-anonymized for review\" ophthalmology service with marked exophthalmos and lagophthalmos of the left eye and soft tissue swelling medial to the zygomatic arch. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, and it revealed a well-marginated, lobulated, homogenously fat density involving the retrobulbar space. Preliminary results of a fine-needle aspirate (FNA) and biopsy were not conclusive, and a modified transfrontal orbitotomy was performed to remove the mass. Histopathological evaluation was diagnostic for retrobulbar infiltrative lipoma. Nine months after the surgery, the eye appears within normal limits with no evidence of recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamethasone-Antibiotic Interactions in Canine Ocular Bacteria: In Vitro Susceptibility Changes in Common Corneal Infection Pathogens.","authors":"Donghee Kim, Jiwoo Park, Ji Seung Jung, Jiyi Hwang, Hyun Kwon, Myeongjee Kwon, Jungyeon Yong, Haerin Yoon, Kyung-Mee Park","doi":"10.1111/vop.13315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of dexamethasone on the antibiotic susceptibility of common ocular pathogens in dogs and identify safe antibiotic-steroid combinations for veterinary ophthalmology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized 30 bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Streptococcus canis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, collected from canine patients with suspected bacterial keratitis. The isolates were tested against 17 antibiotics in the presence of dexamethasone concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 mg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using standardized broth microdilution techniques, and changes in susceptibility were analyzed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dexamethasone administration resulted in a significant increase in resistance for ciprofloxacin, ticarcillin, tobramycin, and ceftiofur in S. pseudintermedius; ticarcillin in S. canis; and ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in P. aeruginosa. Despite these increases, amikacin and cefazolin showed minimal impact on resistance when combined with dexamethasone, indicating their potential for safe use in combination therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the potential for dexamethasone to alter antibiotic susceptibility in canine ocular pathogens. While dexamethasone can increase resistance in certain antibiotics, amikacin and cefazolin appear to be safer options for combination therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attempted ablation of an orbital cyst in a dog with 1% polidocanol using fluoroscopy and contrast cystography.","authors":"Marissa R Matthews, Katrina E V Jones, Hannah Flanders, Kathryn Wotman, Allison Cleymaet, Brian A Scansen","doi":"10.1111/vop.13313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-year-old female spayed mixed-breed dog received enucleation surgery of the right eye in 2018 following the diagnosis of glaucoma. The patient was presented in 2021 for recurrent swelling of the right orbit. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of a cystic structure, and chemical ablation with 1% polidocanol (compounded, Stokes Pharmacy, Mt. Laurel, NJ) and contrast cystography was elected for treatment. Iodinated contrast was injected under fluoroscopy and after no leakage was noted, the contrast was aspirated from the orbital cyst and immediately followed by an injection of 1% polidocanol solution. The orbital cyst collapsed within 24 h but returned 25 days post-injection. A second attempt was made for chemical cyst wall ablation with 1% polidocanol foam and ultrasound guidance. The orbital cyst returned 12 weeks post 1% polidocanol foam injection, and the patient presented for surgical removal. Histopathology revealed an orbital conjunctival inclusion cyst associated with granulomatous and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Histopathology confirmed that the draining cyst was lined by conjunctiva and likely represented conjunctival remnants from the previous enucleation. This report describes fluoroscopic guidance for sclerotherapy in the treatment of a post-enucleation orbital cyst in a dog. Contrast cystography may be useful to verify catheter position and demonstrate cyst margins prior to injection. This case report highlights the importance of complete conjunctival excision during enucleation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates of dogs with ulcerative keratitis in São Paulo State, Brazil.","authors":"Pamella A F Casemiro, Alexandre L Andrade, Marita V Cardozo, Romário A Rodrigues, Jaqueline A Silva, Márcia Marinho, Alessandra F C Nassar, Vanessa Castro, Guilherme H R Braz, Cinthya A Gujanwski, Ivan R M Padua, Paola C Moraes","doi":"10.1111/vop.13224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Identify microorganisms present in canine eyes affected by ulcerative keratitis and assess its resistance profile to available antimicrobial drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected from 88 canine eyes that exhibited ulcerative keratitis. They were identified using MALDI-TOF and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the assessed subjects, brachycephalic dogs accounted for 74.48% (50/83) of the evaluated canines. Among the 88 evaluated eyes, 90.9% (80/88) showed positive cultures, with 11.33% (10/88) of the samples isolating more than one species of bacteria. Of all bacterial isolates identified (90), Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 63.33% (57/90), while Gram-negative bacteria constituted 36.66% (33/90), with predominance of Staphylococcus spp. at 35.55% (32/90) being, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius at 68.75% (22/32), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 15.55% (14/90), respectively. Staphylococcus spp. exhibited resistance to penicillin (89.29%), sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (60.71%), and tetracycline (67.86%), while doxycycline (88.89%), cefotaxime (85.71%), chloramphenicol (82.14%), gentamicin, and moxifloxacin (78.57%) showed the highest sensitivity rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed sensitivity (100%) to gentamicin and imipenem, and resistance (8.33%) to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. Similarly, the Enterobacteriaceae family showed higher sensitivity to amikacin and gentamicin (88.89%), imipenem (88.24%), and levofloxacin (87.5%), with pronounced resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (50%) and cefazolin (47.06%). This highlights multiresistance in 23.33% (21/90) of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most isolated species in canine ulcerative keratitis are S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa. However, other species were also isolated, demonstrating diversity in ocular microbiota infection. There is a high-rate multidrug resistance associated with canine ulcerative keratitis. Nevertheless, these strains exhibited sensitivity to antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of systemic acetazolamide administration on intraocular pressure in healthy horses-A preliminary study.","authors":"Anat Shnaiderman-Torban, Oren Pe'er, Kajsa Gustafsson, Amos Tatz, Malka Brizi, Stefan Soback, Wiessam Abu Ahmad, Ramon Magen, Ron Ofri, Gal Kelmer","doi":"10.1111/vop.13240","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In equine glaucoma, topical treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) is recommended. Oral acetazolamide, a systemic CAI, is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Information regarding its effect on equine intraocular pressure (IOP) is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral acetazolamide treatment on IOP in horses, in a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Ten healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Horses were treated with oral acetazolamide (4.4 mg/kg) BID for 1 week. Serum acetazolamide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and IOP were measured before treatment, daily during treatment, and at 48 and 72 h after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acetazolamide serum levels reached steady state at 72 h after the first oral dose. In a mixed effect model logistic regression, there was a significant decrease in IOP on the third treatment day, of 2.4 mmHg (p = .012) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .006) in the left (OS) and right eye (OD), respectively. On the seventh day, there was a decrease in 2.5 mmHg (p = .008) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .007) OS and OD, respectively. A significant increase occurred 48 h following treatment discontinuation (3.6 mmHg, p < .001 and 3.5 mmHg, p < .001 OS and OD, respectively). The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC_(0-10h)) was 1.1 ± 0.5 μg/mL*h, mean residence time 6.7 ± 4.3 h, peak plasma concentration (C_max) 0.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL and time to reach C_max 1.8 h. There was a significant increase in serum concentrations 1, 2, 48, 72, and 156 h following the first drug administration (p < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further studies are required to determine whether acetazolamide is a potential treatment for equine glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of alfaxalone, medetomidine, and xylazine on intraocular pressure in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica).","authors":"Jaegook Lim, Kangmoon Seo","doi":"10.1111/vop.13231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of alfaxalone, medetomidine, and xylazine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica).</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Eight 12-month-old pigeons (16 eyes).</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>The pigeons were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (10 mg/kg of alfaxalone, 0.2 mg/kg of medetomidine, or 10 mg/kg of xylazine) with a 7-day washout period. The IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer and calibrated using the formula y = 0.439x + 2.059, where y is the tonometric IOP and x is the actual IOP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three drugs significantly reduced IOP. Alfaxalone led to the least reduction at 5.2 mm Hg, medetomidine reduced IOP to 12.5 mm Hg, whereas xylazine resulted in the greatest reduction at 15.3 mm Hg. Alfaxalone achieved its maximum IOP reduction in 6 min, whereas medetomidine and xylazine required 95 and 115 min, respectively. Both alpha-2 agonists, medetomidine, and xylazine, showed a prolonged duration of effect and a greater reduction in IOP than those of alfaxalone. All three medications provided adequate sedation without any discernible adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings revealed the varied effects of these drugs on IOP in pigeons, potentially providing valuable insights that could be useful for broader applications in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}