The Eye of the Largest Forest Raptor, the Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja): Morphologic Observations and Reference Values for Selected Ophthalmic Tests.

IF 1.7 4区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI:10.1111/vop.70014

Andressa Lopes Grego, Wanderlei de Moraes, Bret A Moore, André T Somma, Thiago Alegre Coelho Ferreira, Ana Carolina Veiga Rodarte-Almeida, Arianne Pontes Oriá, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To carry out a descriptive investigation of the most relevant morphological features of the harpy eagle eye and to provide normative data for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests.

Animals studied: Twenty-nine clinically normal harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja).

Procedures: Selected morphological ocular observations were made in live animals under physical restraint: Schirmer tear test (STT), culture of normal conjunctival flora, slit lamp biomicroscopic examination of adnexa and anterior segment, rebound tonometry, applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), palpebral fissure length (PFL), B-mode ultrasound, and ocular biometry. Eyelid histology was evaluated from previously deceased individuals.

Results: STT type I 17.48 ± 5.476 mm/min; Rebound tonometry 14.00 IQR 4.00 mmHg; Applanation tonometry 15.00 IQR 6.00 mmHg; CCT 0.563 ± 0.041 mm; PFL 26.42 ± 2.13 mm; Axial globe length 29.43 IQR 0.42 mm; Anterior chamber depth 5.00 IQR 0.22 mm; Axial length of the lens 6.60 IQR 0.97 mm; Vitreous chamber depth 16.50 IQR 0.80 mm, and pecten length 8.80 IQR 1.47 mm. The conjunctiva of the lower eyelid has a distinct cartilaginous plate adjacent to the conjunctival epithelium. The most frequent conjunctival bacterial isolates were E. coli (32.76%) followed by Enterobacter spp. (15.52%) and Streptococcus spp. (10.34%).

Conclusion: Reference data and morphologic observations obtained in this investigation might aid in the understanding and diagnosis of eye diseases in harpy eagles and improve the clinical management of ocular disease.

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来源期刊

Veterinary ophthalmology 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

37.50%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Veterinary Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed, international journal that welcomes submission of manuscripts directed towards academic researchers of veterinary ophthalmology, specialists and general practitioners with a strong ophthalmology interest. Articles include those relating to all aspects of: Clinical and investigational veterinary and comparative ophthalmology; Prospective and retrospective studies or reviews of naturally occurring ocular disease in veterinary species; Experimental models of both animal and human ocular disease in veterinary species; Anatomic studies of the animal eye; Physiological studies of the animal eye; Pharmacological studies of the animal eye.