Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Macroscopic Characteristics of Lacrimal Glands in Select Laboratory Research Animals.","authors":"Nathaniel Pappenhagen, Brandon Ossont, Marianna Bacellar-Galdino, Simone Iwabe","doi":"10.1111/vop.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The lacrimal gland (LG) has recently become a target for dry eye disease (DED) treatments, making its macroscopic anatomical characteristics in laboratory animals important to further preclinical research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LGs were collected from rats (n = 12), rabbits (n = 9), dogs (n = 9), mini swine (n = 12), and non-human primates (n = 20) enrolled in pre-clinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies. Each animal was screened for ocular health and had their LGs collected for anatomical measurements. The isolated LGs were measured for their width, length, and weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cynomolgus monkeys had the widest LGs (11.7 ± 0.41 mm), while New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits had the longest LGs (20.2 ± 0.09 mm). Beagle dogs had the heaviest LGs (337.9 ± 89.5 mg), and rats had the lightest intraorbital lacrimal glands (13.5 ± 1.9 mg).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The information provided in this manuscript describing macroscopic anatomical features of LGs in animals commonly used in preclinical research offers an important tool when developing novel treatments for DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Daily Oral Administration of Cannabidiol Does Not Impact Rebound Tonometry Intraocular Pressure or Schirmer Tear Test Values in Healthy Adult Horses.","authors":"Kathryn Diehl, Colleen Sheridan, Rachel Reed","doi":"10.1111/vop.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of orally administered cannabidiol (CBD) on TonoVet measured intraocular pressure (IOP) and Schirmer tear test I (STT) in horses.</p><p><strong>Animal studied: </strong>Horse.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>This was a masked, randomized, balanced cross-over study of six healthy adult horses. Horses were randomly assigned and received 3 mg/kg CBD in sesame oil or volume matched placebo by mouth once daily for three days. Baseline and daily 4-, 12-, and 24-h post treatment IOPs were measured in triplicate without sedation or eyelid akinesia. Baseline and 24-h post final (day 3) treatment STTs were measured without sedation or eyelid akinesia. After a five-week washout period, horses received the alternate treatment, and measurements were repeated as above.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there were no clinically relevant differences in IOP with CBD administration. Irrespective of treatment, IOPs were significantly higher in the second treatment period (p = 0.009). There were no differences in STT with CBD administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral CBD administration in healthy horses does not impact rebound tonometry IOP or STT measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics in Veterinary Ophthalmology: Resistance, Stewardship, and Emerging Antibiotic-Sparing Strategies.","authors":"Lionel Sebbag, Oren Pe'er","doi":"10.1111/vop.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing challenge in veterinary ophthalmology, particularly in cases of bacterial keratitis, where progressive stromal infection can threaten vision and globe integrity within hours to days. This review synthesizes current evidence on pathogen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, multidrug resistance (MDR) prevalence, and determinants of nonsusceptibility in veterinary patients, highlighting the emerging role of antibiotic-sparing alternatives. Across contemporary studies, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, β-hemolytic streptococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are consistently among the most frequently isolated pathogens. The highest MDR burdens are reported in referral populations and among methicillin-resistant staphylococci worldwide. Feline data remain comparatively limited but show regional variability in resistance patterns, while equine studies reveal temporal shifts in isolate distribution and a rising prevalence of methicillin-resistant organisms in tertiary settings. Recent topical antimicrobial exposure is the most consistently identified predictor of reduced culture positivity and elevated resistance rates in subsequent ocular isolates, highlighting the importance of early microbiologic sampling and judicious antibiotic use. Interpreting antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in ophthalmology remains challenging because clinical breakpoints are generally derived from systemic dosing regimens, despite substantially higher, albeit transient, drug concentrations being achieved at the ocular surface following topical administration. Moreover, the ocular surface microenvironment, including tear proteins, inflammation, biofilm formation, and concurrent serum therapy, may substantially influence antimicrobial activity and therapeutic response. The review concludes with practical ophthalmology-specific stewardship recommendations, a One Health perspective on resistant ocular pathogens, and a forward-looking discussion of antibiotic-sparing adjuncts within a broader multimodal strategy to preserve antimicrobial effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13287550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Mitomycin C Chemotherapy After Surgical Resection of Conjunctival Amelanotic Melanoma in a Dog.","authors":"Junyeong Ahn, Koangyong Sung, Minwoo Jang, Kangmoon Seo, Seonmi Kang","doi":"10.1111/vop.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical course and outcome of adjuvant topical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy following incomplete resection of a conjunctival amelanotic melanoma in a dog.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>A 15-year-old spayed-female Shih Tzu presented with a conjunctival mass in the right eye (OD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ophthalmic and physical examinations, along with computed tomography results, confirmed that the tumor was confined to the conjunctiva and showed no systemic metastases. However, the mass had spread throughout the bulbar conjunctiva and third eyelid OD. A conjunctival mass involving the bulbar conjunctiva and the bulbar surface of the third eyelid of the OD was surgically debulked after the owners declined exenteration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed malignant amelanotic melanoma with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant topical chemotherapy with 0.04% MMC ophthalmic solution was administered four times daily for one month following conjunctival healing. During topical MMC therapy, superficial corneal epithelial defects and conjunctival hyperemia developed, which resolved after discontinuation of the medication. Reduced tear production was noted during long-term follow-up and was managed with topical cyclosporine. No clinical evidence of local tumor recurrence was observed during the 14-month postoperative follow-up period, based on physical and ophthalmic examinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this case of conjunctival amelanotic melanoma with incomplete surgical excision, adjuvant topical MMC therapy was associated with the absence of clinically detectable local recurrence during long-term follow-up. Topical MMC may represent a potential globe-preserving adjuvant treatment option in selected cases of incompletely excised conjunctival melanoma; however, further studies are required to better define its efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13263771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Ovine Corneal Endothelium Using a Human Eye Bank Specular Microscope.","authors":"Tanise Carboni da Silva, Sofia da Fonseca Lopes Pinto, Alana Pinto de Melo, Marcelle Bettio, Diane Ruschel Marinho, Felipe Silva Guareze, João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto","doi":"10.1111/vop.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing and quantitatively analyzing the corneal endothelium of sheep using a specular microscope designed for a human eye bank. Twenty-four healthy corneas from 12 one-year-old male sheep (Ovis aries) were examined. Four central endothelial images per cornea were analyzed using a semi-automated method. Endothelial parameters were automatically calculated by the proprietary software integrated into the specular microscope, including endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell area (AVE), coefficient of variation (CV) in cell size, and percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX). Data normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and paired comparisons between right and left eyes were performed using Student's t-test. High-quality endothelial images were successfully obtained from all corneas. The mean ECD was 3198.3 ± 428.3 cells/mm², AVE was 318.7 ± 42.3 μm², CV in cell size was 38.0% ± 7.9%, and HEX was 57.7%. No statistically significant differences were observed between right and left eyes for any parameter (p > 0.05). A human eye bank specular microscope allows reliable visualization and quantitative assessment of the ovine corneal endothelium, demonstrating its applicability in experimental and translational veterinary ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Ophthalmic Conditions in Popular Dog Breeds in Japan: Insights From a Survey of 105 Veterinarians Practicing Ophthalmology.","authors":"Victoria Caballero, Arisu Kobayashi, Yasuyoshi Umeda, Susumu Hirashima, Yuichiro Muramatsu, Mitsuharu Ota, Makoto Yamashita, Yukako Kobayashi, Keiko Miyadera","doi":"10.1111/vop.70203","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify commonly presented dog breeds and potentially heritable ophthalmic diseases encountered by veterinarians practicing ophthalmology in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was distributed through the Japanese Society of Comparative and Veterinary Ophthalmology. Respondents reported frequently presented breeds for ophthalmic complaints, common ocular diseases by breed, and utilization of diagnostic modalities, including screening eye examinations, gonioscopy, electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and DNA testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 105 responses from veterinarians providing ophthalmologic service exclusively or alongside or as part of primary care were analyzed. The most frequently reported breeds were Toy Poodles (n = 99), Shiba Inus (n = 67), Shih Tzus (n = 44), Chihuahuas (n = 41), Miniature Dachshunds (n = 27), and French Bulldogs (n = 19), differing somewhat from the current most popular dogs according to the Japanese Kennel Club. Cataracts were reported across most popular breeds. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) was prevalent in Miniature Dachshunds and Toy Poodles, glaucoma in Shiba Inus, ocular surface diseases in Shih Tzus, and corneal endothelial dystrophy in Chihuahuas. Screening eye examinations are being performed by 14% of clinicians for puppies and 25% for adult dogs, most frequently by specialists. Gonioscopy and ERG were each utilized by 69% of respondents, OCT by 23%, and DNA testing by 31% through providers offering variable tests and formats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Commonly encountered breeds and heritable ophthalmic diseases were characterized, highlighting possible focus of future clinical and molecular research. Implementation of standardized screening, advanced diagnostics, and genetic testing may improve control of these diseases in Japan's canine population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes of Cats With Presumed Primary Lens Instability: A Retrospective Study of 34 Cases (2018-2022).","authors":"Havi Sarfaty, Raaya Ezra-Elia, Nili Kahane, Shai Sandalon, Yifat Segev, Lionel Sebbag","doi":"10.1111/vop.70215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe the clinical features, disease progression, and outcomes of presumed primary lens instability (PLI) in cats, and to assess its association with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Thirty-four cats (68 eyes).</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical history, ophthalmic findings, and treatment. Eyes were classified as anterior lens luxation (ALL) or subluxated lens (SLL). Clinical monitoring included intraocular pressure (IOP), menace response, absence/presence of blepharospasm, and complications. Surgical eyes underwent intracapsular lens extraction or phacoemulsification, with or without vitrectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cats were 1-13 years old (median 3 years) and predominantly male (82%). At presentation, 68% of eyes had ALL and 32% of eyes had SLL. Blepharospasm was observed in 25% of eyes, mostly in ALL. IOP was elevated (> 25 mmHg) in 38% of eyes overall, comprised of 62% SLL eyes (33 ± 5.7 mmHg) and 25% ALL eyes (54.8 ± 24.1 mmHg). Of SLL eyes followed ≥ 90 days, 73% progressed to ALL within a median of 15 days (5-174 days). Forty-four eyes underwent surgery and, of 42 with follow-up (median 284 days), 95% achieved comfort and 85% retained vision; however, 70% developed postoperative glaucoma within 68 ± 51 days that was still present in 35% of eyes at last recheck. Retinal complications occurred in 14% of operated eyes. Nonsurgical eyes also showed a high risk for IOP elevation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presumed PLI presents bilaterally in generally young cats, often with limited signs of ocular discomfort, but with a high risk of concurrent or delayed glaucoma. Lens extraction restores comfort and can preserve vision but does not prevent future IOP elevation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13291341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Surgical Technique for Removal of Setaria digitata From the Anterior Chamber Under Standing Sedation: Outcomes in 12 Horses.","authors":"Kasturi C Bhadsavle, Kamalkumar Jiddimani","doi":"10.1111/vop.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a rapid surgical technique for removal of the intraocular nematode Setaria digitata from the anterior chamber of horses under standing sedation and to report clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Twelve client-owned horses (2021-2026) presented with a motile intracameral worm.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>All surgeries were performed under field conditions using standing sedation (xylazine 1.1 mg kg^-1 and butorphanol 0.1 mg kg^-1 IV), regional nerve blocks (lidocaine 2%), and topical anesthesia (proparacaine). A 2.8 mm uniplanar oblique (~45°) corneal incision was created ventrolaterally approximately 2 mm from the limbus using a keratome. The anterior chamber was filled with dispersive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and controlled viscoelastic egress facilitated atraumatic extrusion of the worm. The incision was left unsutured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Worm removal was successful in 11/12 eyes (91.7%). In one chronically affected eye, the worm was suspected to be adherent to the iris and could not be removed. Median incision-to-extraction time was 2 min (range 1-3 min). Nine eyes (75%) retained or regained vision within 7 days; three remained non-visual due to pre-existing end-stage glaucoma or suspected retinal detachment. Postoperative complications included transient peripheral corneal edema in one horse, which resolved with medical management, and anterior chamber fibrin formation in one eye in which viscoelastic was not used.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although not a substitute for surgery under general anesthesia, viscoelastic-assisted removal of S. digitata through a small self-sealing corneal incision is a rapid, minimally invasive, and field-applicable technique when performed by appropriately trained ophthalmic surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sustained-Release Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Poly L-Lactide-Co-DL-Lactide (TPU/PLDLA) Cyclosporine-A Implant for the Treatment of Canine Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"M Padjasek, A Cisło-Sankowska, D Pajuelo, K Marycz","doi":"10.1111/vop.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Poly L-Lactide-Co-DL-Lactide (TPU/PLDLA) polymer blend containing cyclosporine (CsA) for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen dogs (twenty-seven eyes total) with KCS, previously unresponsive to topical CsA or experiencing treatment challenges, received a subconjunctival implant of a TPU/PLDLA-CsA blend. Follow-up visits assessed tear production (STT-1), conjunctival hyperemia, corneal pathology, and ocular discharge at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9 months post-implantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implant was well-tolerated. Conjunctival hyperemia was significantly reduced through 3 months post-implant, whereas ocular discharge showed a significant reduction by 9 months post-implant. STT-1 levels increased in 19 eyes (no significant results when data were analyzed collectively), while three eyes showed no improvement. Two dogs with prior stem cell therapy did not experience increased STT-1 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TPU/PLDLA-CsA implant shows potential as an alternative to conventional topical CsA treatment for canine KCS, providing sustained release and reducing the need for frequent drug applications. The implant was generally well-tolerated, with observed improvements in tear production and inflammation reduction. Sedation was used for implantation, making the procedure less invasive compared to the general anesthesia required for some other implants. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up are required to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety, as well as to refine dosing and implantation protocols for optimal therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Findings in A Captive Population of African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum).","authors":"Sydney M Hall, Chin-Chi Liu, Javier Nevarez, Renee T Carter, Pilar Camacho-Luna","doi":"10.1111/vop.70200","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate and report ocular findings in a group of healthy captive African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) and to establish reference data for commonly performed ocular diagnostic tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven female adult captive African Clawed Frogs (ACF) and seven adult captive Tiger Salamanders (TS) were included. All animals underwent ophthalmic examination, Cochet-Bonnet corneal esthesiometry, rebound tonometry (Tonovet Plus), and conjunctival bacterial aerobic culture. Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons between species. Significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One frog exhibited a typical iris coloboma bilaterally and 2/7 frogs exhibited unilateral punctate cortical cataracts. Retinal evaluation was unremarkable in 13/14 frog eyes. One frog exhibited a large chorioretinal scar in one eye. Tonometry was (median, min-max) 24 mmHg (18-36) and corneal touch threshold (CTT) was (median, min-max) 2.25 mm, (1.0-3.0). Five of seven frogs had positive culture results. Four of the 7 salamanders had bilateral nuclear cataracts and 2 of those 4 also had cortical cataracts. Retinal exam in this species was precluded. Tonometry was (median, min-max) 19.5 mmHg, (14-23) and CTT were > 5.0 cm in all individuals. All TS had positive bacterial cultures, mostly gram-negative rods. ACF had significantly less corneal sensitivity and a significantly higher IOP than TS (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TS and ACF can be manageable for ophthalmic examination and minimal diagnostic testing without chemical restraint. This study provides preliminary baseline ophthalmic data in captive Tiger Salamanders and African Clawed Frogs examined without sedation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 4","pages":"e70200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148043865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}