Angelie K Shukla, Malwina E Kowalska, Kevin Arteaga, Manuela Crasta, Christopher Dixon, Frank Famose, Sonja Hartnack, Simon Anton Pot
{"title":"Evaluation of photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) in feline infectious keratitis-patient demographics, treatment protocols, risk factors, and treatment outcome: a retrospective study.","authors":"Angelie K Shukla, Malwina E Kowalska, Kevin Arteaga, Manuela Crasta, Christopher Dixon, Frank Famose, Sonja Hartnack, Simon Anton Pot","doi":"10.1111/vop.13228","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe patient demographics and treatment protocols in a population of feline patients undergoing photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) as an adjunctive treatment for infectious keratitis. Furthermore, to determine the proportion of PACK-CXL treatment success in the population studied, explore risk factors for treatment failure, and provide recommendations for future PACK-CXL clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Records from four veterinary ophthalmology practices were reviewed to identify eligible patients and extract data. Recorded variables included patient-related factors, ocular examination findings, PACK-CXL protocol parameters, and treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Records for 153 cats (154 eyes) were included. Median age in the treatment success group was 8 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4-12), with a median ulcer depth of 30% (IQR 30-40). Median age in the treatment failure group was 10.5 years (IQR 4.75-12) with a median ulcer depth of 45.9% (IQR 30-75). Persian cats were the most represented brachycephalic breed (52 out of 64 cats). Modified PACK-CXL protocols were used, including fast energy delivery (134 eyes), and increased fluence (52 eyes). The overall proportion of success was 88% (95% CI 84-93), which was variable between clinics. Eighty-two of 89 mesocephalic cat eyes (92%), and 54 of 65 brachycephalic cat eyes (83%) were classified as treatment successes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PACK-CXL appeared to be a useful, adjunctive therapeutic modality for the treatment of infectious keratitis in the feline patient population presented here. Brachycephalic cats, older cats, and those with deeper ulcers may be at increased risk for treatment failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"330-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstruction of deep and perforating corneal defects in dogs-A review (Part I/III): Autogenous ocular tissues, donor tissues, and corneal clarity scoring.","authors":"Rick F Sanchez, Eric C Ledbetter, Marta Leiva","doi":"10.1111/vop.13286","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal reconstruction is a key part of veterinary ophthalmic practice and numerous reconstructive techniques have been described for use in small animals in the peer-reviewed veterinary literature written in English. Despite the evidence accrued over the last six decades in over 40 clinical articles and numerous other publications on ocular surface health, several key areas require further study. The comparison between studies is difficult due to elements that go beyond common factors, such as the indication for surgery, the reconstructive technique preferred by the surgeon or the availability of reconstructive materials. However, the differences in reporting style adopted by different authors between similar studies and the lack of data found in retrospective studies add to this complexity. The present review is divided into three parts. One covers the use of autologous materials for reconstruction and corneal transplants, as well as corneal clarity. A second part focuses on biomaterials and keratoprosthetics, while the third part focuses on the use of corneal sutures and report of ocular discomfort/pain in the veterinary literature. The review focuses on the main findings of each reconstruction technique. It aims to identify areas where key information about common procedures is missing so that general guidelines may be provided for the planning of patient record keeping and future retrospective or prospective studies, while it also aims to highlight the presence of knowledge gaps that deserve further attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"519-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstruction of deep and perforating corneal defects in dogs-A review (Part III/III): The use of corneal sutures and reporting of ocular discomfort.","authors":"R F Sanchez","doi":"10.1111/vop.13285","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surgical reconstruction of severe corneal disease is a common and crucial component of the clinical practice of veterinary ophthalmology. The first part of the present review described procedures that utilize autogenous ocular tissues, homologous donor tissues, and heterologous donor tissues in dogs, while the second part reviewed the use of biomaterials and keratoprosthetics in this species. This third part is dedicated to the review of the use of corneal sutures including suture type and suture pattern in corneal reconstruction of small animals including dogs and cats. The review also focused on the way studies report postoperative ocular discomfort/pain and how this is treated. Lastly, the author briefly presents the simple but effective techniques available to bury corneal knots for corneal reconstructive surgery in small animal patients, such as the \"tugging\" and \"deep-superficial-superficial-deep\" methods for simple interrupted sutures, and the adaptation of the latter for simple continuous sutures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"543-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric C Ledbetter, Rick F Sanchez, Marta Leiva Repiso
{"title":"Reconstruction of deep and perforating corneal defects in dogs-A review (Part II/III): Biomaterials and keratoprosthesis.","authors":"Eric C Ledbetter, Rick F Sanchez, Marta Leiva Repiso","doi":"10.1111/vop.13287","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surgical reconstruction of severe corneal ulcers is a common and crucial component of the clinical practice of veterinary ophthalmology. Numerous surgical techniques are used in dogs for corneal reconstruction, and these techniques may be categorized by the material used to repair the corneal lesion. The first part of the present review described procedures that utilize autogenous ocular tissues, homologous donor tissues, and heterologous donor tissues. In this second part of the review, the categories of biomaterials and keratoprosthetics will be summarized. Biomaterials that are reported for use in dogs include amniotic membrane, porcine urinary bladder acellular matrix, porcine small intestinal submucosa, acellular porcine corneal stroma, and other miscellaneous soft tissue and cartilage grafts (e.g., preserved equine renal capsule, autologous omentum, autologous buccal mucosa membrane, bovine pericardium, and homologous peritoneum). Descriptions of keratoprosthesis surgery in dogs are currently limited, but the use of artificial corneal transplants hold promise for dogs with severe, vision-compromising corneal disease that is not amenable to other reconstruction techniques. This review describes the results of experimental studies evaluating these graft materials in dogs, and it will summarize the findings and outcomes of the clinical articles published in each material category. Reporting inconsistencies and areas where additional research is required will be highlighted to help guide future studies in this area. A major aim of this review is to help identify potential subjects that could be evaluated in future investigations and that might lead to refinements in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"532-542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna Walter, Teresa Bilotta, Catarina Goncalves, Claudia Busse
{"title":"A combination of modified Kuhnt-Szymanowski and Celsus-Hotz techniques for correction of entropion and overlong lower eyelids in dogs (40 eyes).","authors":"Hanna Walter, Teresa Bilotta, Catarina Goncalves, Claudia Busse","doi":"10.1111/vop.13084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a surgical approach to correct entropion and overlong lower eyelids in dogs by combining the Celsus-Hotz with the modified Kuhnt-Szymanowski technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of patients undergoing the described surgical procedure were reviewed. A semilunar-shaped piece of lower eyelid was excised and combined with an angled incision at the most lateral aspect of the wound. Adjacent to this incision a skin flap was mobilized to expose the subcutaneous tissue in the ventral aspects. A four-sided wedge resection was used to shorten the lid margin in variable positions. Following closure of the eyelid margin wedge resection, a wedge of equal width was removed from the lateral skin flap. Skin and subcutaneous tissues were closed in a routine fashion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All surgeries were performed by an ECVO diplomate or resident. The surgery was performed unilaterally in four and bilaterally in 18 dogs. Most common breeds were English Bulldog (n = 7), Saint Bernard (3), Rottweiler (2) and Cane Corso Italiano (2). Median age was 22 months (range 5-100 months). Median follow-up was 30 days (range 9-987 days). A single surgical procedure was sufficient to correct the entropion in 97.5% (39/40) of eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination technique described is a suitable surgical procedure to simultaneously correct lower lid entropion and excessive eyelid length, with the added benefits of a stepped wound closure and a flexible lid margin wedge positioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9169812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bactelius Turicea, Christian L Munevar, Sydney G Edwards, Lana L Linton
{"title":"Vision outcomes in dogs with primary glaucoma surgically treated with lensectomy and endolaser cyclophotocoagulation after an Ahmed valve gonioimplantation failure.","authors":"Bactelius Turicea, Christian L Munevar, Sydney G Edwards, Lana L Linton","doi":"10.1111/vop.13172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate vision outcomes of dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) that underwent Ahmed valve gonioimplantation (AVG) followed by lensectomy and endolaser cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) with or without bleb resection after AVG failure.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>Medical records from 2008 to April 2022 were reviewed. All patients selected had an AVG performed first. Following valve failure, lensectomy-ECP was performed in addition to bleb resection as indicated. Additional ECP and AVG replacement surgeries were performed as deemed medically necessary. Main outcomes evaluated included vision preservation, average IOP reduction, and the number of glaucoma medications (both oral and topical) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen eyes from 13 patients were included in the study. Females were predominant (n = 9) compared with males (n = 4). Mean age at initial glaucoma diagnosis was 6.82 years. Following AVG and lensectomy-ECP, vision was preserved in 93%, 84%, 60%, and 48% of eyes at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years respectively. Following lensectomy-ECP, there was a significant reduction in mean IOP of 9.64 mmHg (p = .015) and 9.71 mmHg (p = .016) at 2 and 6 months, respectively. There was a reduction in mean IOP of 2.45, 7.25, and 12.25 mmHg at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, which was not statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in the number of glaucoma medications at all evaluated time points except 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combined AVG and lensectomy-ECP is successful in maintaining vision long term as well as decreasing IOP, and the number of glaucoma medications administered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in canine glaucoma: A retrospective study evaluating sweep velocity.","authors":"Valeria Benitez-Vera, Dineli Bras, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira","doi":"10.1111/vop.13208","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report preliminary results of MP-TSCP in canine patients with glaucoma while evaluating sweep velocity, treatment efficacy, and safety utilizing standardized surgical parameters.</p><p><strong>Animal studied: </strong>Client-owned dogs that underwent MP-TSCP at a veterinary referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>Medical records of 19 eyes (14 dogs) treated with MP-TSCP were reviewed. Eleven eyes were treated with a 10 s/sweep (s) velocity and 8 eyes with a 20 s/s. Laser duty cycle was set at 31.3%, mean laser energy was 2766 mW, and mean duration was 120 s per hemisphere. Minimum post-operative follow-up was 6 months. Outcomes of intraocular pressure (IOP), vision status, degree of antiglaucoma medications, and complications were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significantly lower median (IQR) IOP (<25 mmHg) at each timepoint postoperatively compared to IOP pre-operatively (p < 0.05). The overall success rate for IOP control at 6 months was 84%, 100% for the 10 s/s and 62.5% for the 20 s/s. Vision was preserved in 10/11 (90%) eyes from the 10 s/s group and 4/8 (50%) eyes from the 20 s/s group at 6 months. Average number of glaucoma medications in the 10 s/s group decreased from 4.4 to 1.5 and from 3.3 to 2.5 in the 20 s/s group. Post-operative complications were mild and resolved within 1 week.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MP-TSCP is a non-invasive treatment alternative for canine glaucoma. Employing higher energy levels rendered long-term IOP control while retaining a high safety profile with minimal postoperative complications. There was no statistical difference between a 10 s/s and 20 s/s surgical velocity, both leading to successful surgical outcomes up to 6 months post-operatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"293-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The clinical outcomes of 33 canine eyes following the novel sulcus fixation technique of an injectable acrylic lens through a 3-mm corneal incision.","authors":"Jaesang Ahn","doi":"10.1111/vop.13073","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This retrospective study introduces and evaluates transscleral fixation using a horizontal mattress suture of a conventional injectable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) inserted through a 3-mm corneal incision in dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This technique was applied to four groups: lens subluxation (group SL, n = 15), anterior or posterior lens luxation (group APLL, n = 9), lens capsule tear or rupture (group LCTR, n = 7), and dislocation of the lens capsule containing an IOL (group IOLD, n = 4).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were followed up for an average of 366.7 days (range: 94-830 days) after the surgery. Each IOL was well-centered and the overall visual success rate was 74.3% (26/35). Retinal detachment (4/35) was the most common cause of blindness, followed by glaucoma (3/35), hyphema of unknown etiology (1/35), and severe uveitis accompanied by deep corneal ulcer (1/35).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This technique enables sulcus fixation of an IOL, inserted through a 3-mm corneal incision, which is less traumatic than conventional techniques, without the need for specifically designed IOL for sulcus fixation. In this series, this technique enabled to contribute to restore emmetropic vision in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"100-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9083150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MicroPulse™ transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in the equine patient: A case series of four horses.","authors":"A M Sturbaum, K J Kaiser, J S Riesberg","doi":"10.1111/vop.13184","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.13184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical application and outcome of MicroPulse™ transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) treatment in horses with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Four client-owned horses with primary (n = 2) or secondary (n = 2) glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Horses were treated with MP-TSCPC under standing sedation with a minimum of 30 days of follow-up (range 30-1241 days). Affected eyes were treated with a 31.3% duty cycle and 3000 mW laser power for a total of 180 s. Data collected included signalment, pre- and post-procedure intraocular pressures (IOPs), laser settings, medications, complications, and repeat therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four horses (5 eyes) received at least one treatment with MP-TSCPC. Mean preoperative IOP was 44 mmHg (range 33-49 mmHg). The immediate mean postoperative IOP was 34 mmHg (4 eyes; range 19-55 mmHg). At 1 week, IOP was 38 mmHg (5 eyes; range 21-80 mmHg), at 2 weeks was 40 mmHg (3 eyes, range 17-80 mmHg), at 1 month was 35 mmHg (5 eyes; range 20-50 mmHg), at 3 months was 18 mmHg (2 eyes; range 14-21 mmHg), at 6 months was 35 mmHg (2 eyes; range 30-39 mmHg), and at >300 days was 24 mmHg (3 eyes; range 18-29 mmHg). Complications included corneal ulceration (n = 1 eye), uncontrolled IOP (n = 3 eyes), and need for repeat treatment (n = 2 eyes).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MP-TSCPC used with the above-described settings was unsuccessful in treating the majority of cases. Future studies should be targeted at primary glaucoma cases and with use of alternative laser settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"465-473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}