Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"A descriptive ultrasonographic and histological evaluation of the eyes of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae).","authors":"Larissa Pavanelli, Joana Midori Penalva Ikeda, Adriana Castaldo Colosio, Hernani Gomes da Cunha Ramos, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira, Alessandra Estrela-Lima, Danielle Nascimento Silva, Caterina Muramoto, Arianne Pontes Oriá","doi":"10.1111/vop.13279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe morphological features of Megaptera novaeangliae eyes using ultrasonography and histology.</p><p><strong>Animal studied: </strong>A total of 21 globes from 19 M. novaeangliae were used for the study, including two animals with bilateral assessment. Nine stranded animals were found alive, 10 dead.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Carcasses were classified according to decomposition state. Globes were assessed ultrasonographically, biometric measurements were taken and then the tissues were sectioned for histological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen carcasses were classified as decomposition code 2 and two as code 3. Fifteen animals were calves, three juveniles and one adult, twelve males, and five females. The cornea was thinner in the center of the eye and thicker at the periphery. The lens had an oval shape. Fourteen animals showed a structure in the vitreous body which looked triangular and filamentous by ultrasonography and, histologically, originated in the central part of the optic nerve and extended to the posterior region of the lens, composed of connective tissue. The most common abnormalities found by ultrasonograph were retinal detachment (n = 13) and displacement of the lens into the vitreous (n = 4), along with alterations suggestive of hemorrhage, fibrin deposits, and increased echogenicity in the optic nerve (n = 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An intraocular structure not previously described in cetaceans was found in this investigation; its function remains unknown. Circulatory changes that were evident in the histopathological analysis may be due to the stranding process and raise the need to consider ophthalmic examinations before reintroducing stranded mysticetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo confocal microscopic features of canine primary corneal squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Callie M Rogers, Kelly E Knickelbein, Erin M Scott, Eric C Ledbetter","doi":"10.1111/vop.13278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) findings in dogs with primary corneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eight dogs with primary corneal SCC.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Dogs diagnosed with primary corneal SCC by histopathology were examined with a modified Heidelberg Retina tomograph and Rostock Cornea Module prior to surgical intervention. The findings from the IVCM examination were correlated with clinical details from ophthalmic examinations and diagnostic test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight eyes from eight dogs with unilateral primary corneal SCC were examined. Corneal lesions were characterized with IVCM by abnormal epithelial cells that were polygonal and enlarged with marked morphological variability and anisocytosis within individual corneas. The abnormal cells displayed variable reflectivity, but most had highly reflective cellular borders and moderately reflective cytoplasm. Cells that were markedly and diffusely hyperreflective were also occasionally observed possibly representing keratinization and dyskeratosis. On IVCM, neoplastic cells were grouped into cords, clusters, and sheets, and nests of neoplastic cells often invaded the underlying corneal stroma. Keratin pearls were a frequent finding and appeared as circular whirls of neoplastic epithelial cells arranged around concentric layers of hyperreflective amorphous material within a dark cyst-like space. Abundant blood vessels and scattered leukocytes were present in all tumors. There was a high degree of morphologic agreement between IVCM analysis and histopathological findings in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The distinguishing features of primary corneal SCC during IVCM examine were similar to those seen in histopathologic examination of tumor sections, including enlarged and pleomorphic squamous epithelial cells, anisocytosis, keratin pearl formation, and dense vascularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intracameral tissue plasminogen activator injection on posterior capsular opacification, fibrin formation, and intraocular pressure in dogs after phacoemulsification","authors":"Kyulee Kim, Young‐Sun Kang, Joon Young Kim","doi":"10.1111/vop.13277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13277","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTo evaluate whether intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection is effective in regulating posterior capsular opacification (PCO), fibrin formation and intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery.Animal StudiedProspective study involving 30 eyes of 21 dogs that underwent phacoemulsification.ProceduresThirty eyes were randomly divided into two groups of 15 eyes (control and tPA groups). Intracameral tPA (25 μg/0.1 mL) was injected into tPA group eyes before corneal incision closure but not into the eyes of the control group. The grades of anterior fibrin formation and PCO were compared based on slit lamp biomicroscope examination at 1 and 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2–3 months postoperatively. IOP was measured using applanation tonometry every 30 min for 4 h immediately after operation and on the following morning. The IOP of the two groups at each time was compared.ResultsThe grade of anterior fibrin formation and that of PCO were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; .05). However, the IOP of the tPA group was significantly lower than that of the control group at each point on the day of surgery (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). No complications were observed with tPA injection, except for temporary hyphema (for 3 days) in one eye.ConclusionsAlthough the intracameral tPA injection did not affect anterior fibrin formation and PCO, it effectively maintained normal IOP immediately after phacoemulsification. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of intracameral tPA injection in achieving immediate IOP control after phacoemulsification.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses","authors":"Houman Faghihi, Afsaneh Gharibi, Maneli Ansari Mood, Seyed Mehdi Rajaei, Seyyed Morteza Alavi","doi":"10.1111/vop.13276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13276","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to detect and describe ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses.Animals StudiedA total of 55 Turkmen horses (33 mares and 22 stallions) from one herd were evaluated in this study.Procedure(s)Demographic data (Age, Sex, Coat color) were recorded. All animals underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The Schirmer tear test ‐I (STT‐I) was performed for all horses prior to other diagnostic tests. Neuro‐ophthalmic examinations (menace response, dazzle reflex, pupillary light reflex, maze test, and visual tracking) were carried out in different lighting situations (bright and dim lights). Slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein staining, and tonometry were performed for each horse.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of horses was 5.7 (4.6) years (range of 1–17 years). In total, 18 horses (32.7%) had ocular‐related lesions. Cataract, iris hyperpigmentation and corneal edema were the most identified conditions in the horses of this study.ConclusionsAbout one‐third of studied horses had at least one ocular abnormality. No ocular abnormalities attributed to the distinct cream/gold coat color were identified, which the Turkmen horse is known for.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ocular surface parameters before and after cryo- and laser therapy for distichiasis in dogs: A pilot study.","authors":"V Zwiauer-Wolfbeisser, A Tichy, B Nell","doi":"10.1111/vop.13275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this pilot study was to establish a satisfactory, scientific approach to effectively compare quantitative measurements of various ocular surface parameters before and after surgical treatment in dogs suffering from distichiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ophthalmic examination was conducted on 12 dogs (23 eyes) before and after surgical treatments for distichiasis, at four different time points, (t₀ = before surgery, t₁ = 1-2 h after surgery, t₂ = 1 week after surgery, t₃ = 1 month after surgery, and t₄ = 6 months after surgery) between 2021 and 2022, and analyzed retrospectively. The examination included Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), interferometry, noninvasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus size (TMS), and meibography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant changes were found in STT-1 (t₀: 22.2 ± 6.5 mm, t₂: 22.5 ± 5.7 mm, t₃: 20.8 ± 5.1 mm, and t₄: 22.6 mm ± 4.8 mm) before and after surgery. Mean interferometry scores showed a slight, not statistically significant, decrease from t₀ to t₃ and t₄ (t₀: 2.1 ± 0.8, t₁: 2.1 ± 0.7, t₂: 2.1 ± 0.9, t₃: 1.8 ± 0.6, and t₄: 1.9 ± 1.1). Mean NIBUT did not change significantly between time points (t₀: 3.9 ± 1.3 s, t₁: 4.0 ± 1.3 s, t₂: 4.0 ± 1.4 s, t₃: 3.5 ± 0.7 s, and t₄: 3.5 ± 0.9 s). TMS showed a slight, not statistically significant increase (t₀: 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, t₁: 0.5 ± 0.3, t₂: 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, t₃: 0.6 ± 0.2 mm, and t₄: 0.7 ± 0.3 mm). There were no changes in the gross morphology of the meibomian glands (MG).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study could not detect a negative effect of different forms of treatment of distichiasis on the precorneal tear film parameters in dogs. However, due to the study's retrospective nature and small sample size, no definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding the changes at the different time points.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronofrontal rhytidectomy: A new approach for the treatment of severe pseudoptosis and superior entropion in dogs","authors":"Rita Vilao Cardoso, Marta Leiva, Cristina Seruca, Rodrigo P. Lacerda, Fernando Laguna, M. Teresa Peña","doi":"10.1111/vop.13270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13270","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeTo describe the use of coronofrontal rhytidectomy (CFR) for the treatment of severe pseudoptosis and superior entropion in dogs, and to provide guidelines for the selection of surgical technique depending on presentation.MethodsA review of medical records of dogs that underwent rhytidectomy from 2002 to 2023 was carried out, including signalment, clinical signs, type of rhytidectomy, concurrent surgical techniques, re‐interventions, post‐operative complications, follow‐up time, and outcome.ResultsTwenty dogs with a median age of 5.1 years were included in this study. English Cocker Spaniel was the most common breed (8 dogs:40%) and males were overrepresented (13 dogs: 65%). Besides pseudoptosis and visual impairment (100%), the other most common clinical signs were entropion and/or ectropion (19 dogs: 95%), conjunctivitis (17 dogs: 85%), euryblepharon (12 dogs: 60%) and non‐ulcerative keratitis (10 dogs: 50%). CFR was performed in 12 dogs (60%), frontal rhytidectomy in 5 (25%), coronal in 2 (10%), and modified shared in 1 (5%). Concurrent surgical techniques were performed in 17 dogs (85%), being lateral canthoplasty (13 dogs; 65%), and Celsus–Hotz (10 dogs; 50%) the most common. The median follow‐up time was 115 days with no complications and good outcomes reported in all dogs. At last re‐recheck, complete correction of the eyelid positioning was obtained in 92% (11/12) and 87.5% (7/8) of the cases that underwent CFR and other rhytidectomy techniques, respectively.ConclusionCFR is an effective surgical treatment for severe pseudoptosis and superior entropion in dogs. The provided guidelines will assist in the selection of the most appropriate eyelid lifting technique.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of owner presence on healing of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects after anterior stromal puncture","authors":"Natalia L. Rivera‐Viscal, Ellison Bentley, Taylor A. Opgenorth, Michael R. Lasarev","doi":"10.1111/vop.13274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13274","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTo examine the effect of client presence on healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defect (SCCEDs) following debridement and anterior stromal puncture (ASP).Animals StudiedSixty‐eight client‐owned dogs.ProceduresDogs presenting prior to the COVID‐19 shutdown were assigned to the C group (client in the room, 31/68), while dogs presenting after were assigned to group NC (no client in the room, 37/68). Inclusion criteria were retention of fluorescein, non‐adherent epithelium, persistence for at least 1 week, and recheck within 1 month. Exclusion criteria were concurrent ocular disorders and endocrinopathies. Success was defined as negative fluorescein retention at first recheck. <jats:italic>t</jats:italic>‐Tests, rank‐sum tests, and chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare findings between groups. Logistic regression was used to determine whether odds of success at first recheck differed between groups or were modified by other characteristics.ResultsDogs in the NC group were older (9.9 vs. 8.7 years, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .014) and had more bandage contact lenses (BCLs) placed (65% vs. 29%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .003). There were no other significant differences between groups. BCL placement was associated with significantly greater odds of healing by first recheck (OR = 4.00, 95% CI: 0.63–11.2; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .008). The NC group initially had 2.5 times greater odds of healing than the C group; after adjusting for BCL placement, the association between client location and healing weakened (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.63–5.13; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .277).ConclusionsHealing was marginally associated with not having the client in the room, likely due to increased BCL use. BCL application improves SCCED healing rates following debridement/ASP.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142250654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular osseous metaplasia in an older red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) 24 years following traumatic injury to the globe.","authors":"Taylr Wells, Miranda Sadar, Haley Jost, Leandro Teixeira, Michala de Linde Henriksen","doi":"10.1111/vop.13273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An approximately 26-year-old, suspected female, red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) was presented with a history of chronic ocular changes of the left eye likely secondary to blunt trauma resulting in blindness and phthisis bulbi. Ophthalmic evaluation of OS revealed a large intraocular mass, 3+ aqueous flare indicating anterior uveitis, and severely decreased intraocular pressure measuring 5 mmHg. Ocular ultrasound revealed an abnormal, spherical shaped and hyperechoic lens, as well as hyperechoic material or a mass lesion in the posterior segment. An enucleation procedure was performed, and histopathology of the eye revealed no signs of neoplasia but instead intraocular osseous metaplasia with bone marrow and adipose tissue replacing the lens. Similar mass lesions were found in the retina and choroid. Multiple fractures in the scleral ossicle and cartilage correlated the intraocular lesions with a blunt traumatic event. A bioresorbable disk of porcine small intestine submucosa (BioSIS Vetrix®) was incorporated to relieve tension during closure. The graft sloughed during healing process, revealing a healed wound underneath. The BioSIS was not incorporated into the wound as designed but may have facilitated healing. This is the first report of intraocular osseous metaplasia in a raptor and the use of BioSIS Vetrix® with enucleation in an avian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular melanosis in the adult Cairn Terrier population within the United Kingdom.","authors":"Adam C Margetts, Cathryn Mellersh, Kerry Smith","doi":"10.1111/vop.13271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prospective investigation to determine the prevalence of ocular melanosis in adult Cairn Terriers within the United Kingdom using a previously established staging scheme.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ophthalmic assessment was performed on adult Cairn Terriers, recruited from various geographic locations within the United Kingdom. Examination included gonioscopy, rebound tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, performed by one examiner (AM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 93 dogs were examined, including 52 females and 41 males, aged between 15 months and 16 years 4 months. Sixty of 93 dogs (64.5%) were >7 years of age. Nine of 93 dogs (9.6%) demonstrated changes consistent with ocular melanosis. Four of 9 (44.4%) had Stage 1 disease and 5 of 9 (55.6%), Stage 2. Stages 3 or 4 were not identified in any dogs. Mean intraocular pressures in affected and unaffected dogs were 14.7 mmHg (range 12-17 mmHg) and 12.8 mmHg (range 5-21 mmHg), respectively. Incomplete pupil dilation was noted in affected dogs following pharmacologic mydriasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ocular melanosis was identified in approximately 10% of examined dogs, over half were dogs of breeding age (<7 years of age). It is possible that Grade 1 disease could go undetected, prior to obvious scleral pigment accumulation (Grade 2 disease). It is therefore recommended that dogs undergoing pre-breeding screens have pre-dilation assessment of the anterior segment using slit lamp biomicroscopy with subsequent gonioscopy to clearly assess for circumferential thickening of the iris base that might otherwise go undetected. Additionally, regular reassessment of breeding dogs is advised as disease progression could be rapid.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic findings and reference values for selected ocular parameters in whooping cranes (Grus americana) and Mississippi sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pulla).","authors":"Hannah B Gafen, Rodrigo S Garces-Torres, Chin-Chi Liu, Andrew C Lewin, Pilar Camacho-Luna, Robert A MacLean, Renee T Carter","doi":"10.1111/vop.13272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish baseline ophthalmic parameters for an endangered, semi-wild population of healthy whooping cranes (Grus americana) (WHCR) and Mississippi sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pulla) (SACR).</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Eighteen WHCR and 16 SACR.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Ophthalmic examination was performed by a single observer, followed by conjunctival swab collection for aerobic bacterial culture and measurement of tear production (phenol red thread test, PRTT) and corneal diameter (CD) as tolerated. Measurement of the axial globe (AG) length, anterior chamber (AC) depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber (VC) depth, and pecten length was performed via ocular ultrasound (OUS) as tolerated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eyelid cicatrization (n = 1 WHCR), keratitis (n = 2 WHCR), incipient cataracts (n = 1 WHCR, n = 4 SACR), and uveal cysts (n = 1 SACR) were identified. Twenty-one bacterial species were cultured from SACR, while 18 bacterial species were cultured from WHCR. SACR under 6 months old had increased PRTT values compared to older SACR (p = .0432). AG length and VC depth of male WHCR were greater than in female WHCR (p = .0045 and p = .0008, respectively). WHCR less than 6 months old had greater AC depth and lens thickness than WHCR over 6 months (p < .001 and p = .0013, respectively). SACR less than 6 months old had greater AC depth and lens thickness than WHCR over 6 months (p < .0001 and p < .0001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WHCR and SACR are amenable to complete ophthalmic examination. Age-related differences in PRTT in SACR, sexual dimorphism in WHCR, and age-related differences in AC depth and lens thickness in WHCR and SACR were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}