Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Identification of Mast Cells in the Rat Lacrimal Glands.","authors":"Ozkan Yavas","doi":"10.1111/vop.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the presence, microanatomical localization, and immunohistochemical subtypes of mast cells in the lacrimal glands (LGs) of rats.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of ten female Sprague-Dawley rats' LGs were evaluated in this study.</p><p><strong>Procedure(s): </strong>The experimental animals were euthanized. LG samples were collected and fixed in 10% neutral formaldehyde for 48 h. Sections were taken from the paraffin-embedded samples and stained for microscopic examination. The histochemical properties of lacrimal gland epithelium and the composition of tears were examined by Periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue staining and evaluated microscopically. Toluidine blue staining and tryptase and chymase immunohistochemically demonstrated localization and phenotypes of mast cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The existence and varying numbers of mast cells were successfully demonstrated in all three LGs by Toluidine blue staining, and the highest number of mast cells was observed in the extraorbital lacrimal gland, while their numbers were almost the same in the intraorbital lacrimal gland and Harderian gland. Immunohistochemically, chymase-positive mast cells were more numerous than tryptase-positive cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first documentation of the presence of mast cells with different phenotypes in rat LGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Infected Corneal Ulcers in Dogs With or Without the Use of Topical Serum.","authors":"Rachel L Davis, Emily A Latham, Wendy M Townsend","doi":"10.1111/vop.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if topical serum use impacts clinical outcomes of infected corneal ulcers in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 252 eyes (237 dogs) undergoing medical and surgical therapy for infected corneal ulcers managed with or without topical serum.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Patients were identified retrospectively in the same geographic region of the United States. Healing times, visual outcomes, and enucleation were recorded for medically managed ulcers. Visual outcomes and enucleation were recorded for surgically managed ulcers. The number and frequency of topical medications were recorded for all groups. Statistical analyses were performed for all comparisons, with a significance level of p = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 252 eyes (237 dogs) were included. Of these, 203 eyes underwent medical therapy (150 without serum/53 with serum) and 49 eyes were treated surgically at presentation (35 without serum/14 with serum postoperatively). In the medical group, the use of serum had no impact on healing times (p = 0.380), visual outcomes (p = 0.751) or enucleation (p = 0.433). In the surgery group, visual outcomes (p = 0.488) and enucleation (no eyes enucleated) were not impacted by serum use. Healing times were not impacted by frequency (p = 0.092) or number of topical medications (p = 0.346).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to determine if topical serum use affects clinical outcomes of infected corneal ulcers in dogs. Topical serum did not impact healing times, visual outcomes, or enucleation rates of infected corneal ulcers treated medically or surgically in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Postoperative Intraocular Inflammation in Dogs Receiving Transzonular Intravitreal Triamcinolone-Moxifloxacin Versus Subconjunctival Triamcinolone After Phacoemulsification.","authors":"Samantha V Palmer-Greenberg, Laura A Mancuso, Melanie L Church, Brad Nadelstein, Andrew Berdoulay","doi":"10.1111/vop.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the postoperative effect of transzonular intravitreal triamcinolone-moxifloxacin compared to subconjunctival triamcinolone administered during phacoemulsification in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Forty-eight dogs (96 eyes) undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>All dogs undergoing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation received transzonular intravitreal triamcinolone-moxifloxacin (TITM) in one eye and subconjunctival triamcinolone (SCT) in the contralateral eye. Aqueous flare (AF), anterior chamber fibrin formation (FF), pigment precipitates (PP) on the intraocular lens, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), corneal edema (CE), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed 1 day, 1 week, 2-3 weeks, 4-6 weeks, 8-12 weeks, and ≥ 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in AF over time (p > 0.05); however, at 2-3 weeks postoperatively, the average AF was statistically greater (p = 0.01) in the TITM group compared to the SCT group. At three postoperative time points, IOP was significantly different (p < 0.05) between TITM and SCT eyes, but remained within a normal reference range. In both groups, IOP significantly decreased (p < 0.05) over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the parameters evaluated, including overall visual outcome and surgical success, no clinically relevant differences between groups were appreciable. TITM and SCT, used adjunctively to postoperative topical ophthalmic and oral anti-inflammatories, appear to be acceptable techniques for administering a local ocular corticosteroid during canine phacoemulsification, but whether they provide any synergistic or additive effect remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Loteprednol Etabonate and Ketorolac Tromethamine on Intraocular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress After Paracentesis-Induced Blood-Aqueous Barrier Breakdown in Cats.","authors":"Hanna Rodrigues Miranda, Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro, Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto, Bianca Eidt Rodrigues, Nathalia de Assis Pereira, Thiago Henrique de Oliveira Alves, Suélem Aparecida de França Lemes, Anderson de Oliveira Souza","doi":"10.1111/vop.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of loteprednol etobonate (LE) and ketorolac tromethamine (KT) on pupil diameter (PD) and aqueous humor levels of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), total protein (TP), and glutathione (GSH) following paracentesis-induced intraocular inflammation in cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty cats (n = 10/group) underwent anterior chamber paracentesis at T1 and T2 (60 min apart). At T1, the right eye received one drop of LE, KT, or saline (CG). PD was measured at T1 and T2, and aqueous humor samples were analyzed for PGE₂, TP, and GSH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At T1, PD, PGE₂, TP, and GSH levels did not differ among groups (p > 0.05). At T2, PGE₂ concentrations were significantly lower in LE (p < 0.0001) and KT (p = 0.01) groups when compared to CG. When compared to CG, TP values were significantly lower only in the LE group (p = 0.002). GSH levels decreased significantly across all groups (p < 0.01), maintaining significantly higher levels in the LE group (p = 0.04). PD decreased significantly in the CG (p = 0.003) and KT (p = 0.01) groups, but not in the LE group (p = 0.18).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LE and KT effectively reduced PGE₂ levels following paracentesis. LE also significantly decreased TP levels, mitigated miosis, and preserved GSH, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Considering that KT also reduced PGE₂ levels, further studies are warranted to determine whether KT might effectively reduce protein influx into the anterior chamber at later time points.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor) and Fasudil (ROCK Inhibitor) in Combination for Canine Corneal Fibrosis In Vitro\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vop.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in Veterinary Pathology: Insights and Initiatives From a European Veterinary Specialist DEI Task Force.","authors":"Daniela Denk, Roberta Rasotto, Erika Abbondati, Emilian Małek, Sarah Kirschner-Kitz, Chiara Palmieri","doi":"10.1111/vop.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP) and the European College of Veterinary Pathologists (ECVP) DEI Task Force (DEITF) was established to assess and advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives within the European veterinary pathology community. To gain a baseline understanding of DEI challenges and perceptions, an online survey was conducted in March 2024. 208 responses were collected and analyzed alongside feedback from interactive DEI sessions at the annual congress (2024, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain). The results indicated a predominantly female respondent group (66%), an overrepresentation of experienced pathologists (58.7%), and limited ethnic diversity, with 85.6% identifying as White/Caucasian. Key DEI challenges included workplace discrimination, financial disparities in residency programs, language barriers for non-native English speakers, limited neurodiversity accommodations, and a lack of LGBTQIA+ inclusivity. In response, the DEITF has developed a comprehensive set of recommendations outlining actionable strategies for ESVP/ECVP, training centers, and event organizers. These efforts focus on gender identity recognition, neurodiversity and accessibility, and residency experience improvements. Additionally, the DEITF is committed to implementing regular DEI-focused education, workshops, and policy recommendations. Future goals include the development of mentorship programs, the implementation of recommendations for equitable accessibility to professional opportunities, the establishment of DEI-focused scholarships, the integration of inclusive curricula, and advocacy for structural changes within training centers and professional societies to promote standardized policies supporting underrepresented groups. The DEITF actively welcomes collaboration and input from other DEI-focused groups within the field, emphasizing the importance of proactive engagement in fostering a more inclusive, diverse, and supportive veterinary pathology profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the KOWA SL-19 Plus Portable Slit Lamp With Integrated Digital Camera for Veterinary Ophthalmic Imaging: A Comparative Study With Smartphone-Based Systems.","authors":"Bertrand Michaud","doi":"10.1111/vop.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compares the performance of the KOWA SL-19 Plus portable slit lamp, equipped with an integrated digital camera, and a smartphone-based imaging system adapted to fit on the slit lamp eyepiece for veterinary ophthalmic imaging. Both devices were tested for their efficiency, image quality, and diagnostic utility in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>A total of 20 eyes from 13 animals (7 dogs and 6 cats), presenting various ophthalmic conditions, were examined using both devices.</p><p><strong>Procedure(s): </strong>During the ophthalmic examination, videos were captured using both the KOWA SL-19 Plus and the smartphone-based system, then the best picture was extracted. Extraction time was measured. Thirty-nine board-certified ophthalmologists evaluated the images together, focusing on image quality and diagnostic value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The KOWA SL-19 Plus outperformed the smartphone-based system in all categories. The mean extraction time for the KOWA SL-19 Plus was significantly faster (65.47 s) than for the smartphone system (115.50 s, p < 0.000001). Image quality was higher for the KOWA SL-19 Plus (3.80 vs. 2.98 over 5, p < 0.000001), and 85.7% of the images were deemed sufficient for diagnostic purposes, compared to 67.9% for the smartphone-based system (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The KOWA SL-19 Plus is a valuable tool for veterinary ophthalmic imaging, offering superior image quality and faster processing times compared to the smartphone-based system. It presents a promising step forward for both clinical diagnostics and educational purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extranodal Lymphoma With Adnexal and Suspected Intracranial Involvement in a Dog.","authors":"Genia R Bercovitz, Emily A Janik, Koichi Nagata, Kathryn A Diehl","doi":"10.1111/vop.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of an unusual presentation of extranodal lymphoma in a dog.</p><p><strong>Animal studied: </strong>An eleven-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog presented to the UGA Ophthalmology Service for evaluation of a large, rapidly growing, right upper eyelid and medial canthal mass. The mass measured 2.2 cm in diameter and compressed the anterior chamber. The remainder of the right eye and the left eyelids and eye were normal. Approximately 1 month prior, the patient underwent radiation therapy for treatment of a brain mass in the piriform lobe, suspected to be a glioma.</p><p><strong>Treatment and progression: </strong>Biopsy of the adnexal mass revealed large B-cell lymphoma. A repeat brain MRI revealed resolution of the previously diagnosed mass. Enucleation (with wide upper eyelid margins) for comfort and definitive diagnosis was originally planned. However, a new left lower eyelid mass developed, and the right eyelid mass continued to grow. Treatment assuming large B-cell nonepitheliotropic adnexal lymphoma with potential intracranial involvement was initiated via a modified CHOP-15 chemotherapy protocol. The eyelid masses decreased in size within the first week and resolved within 3 weeks of treatment. Despite an initial positive response to chemotherapy, new cutaneous masses developed 3 months after initial diagnosis; the patient's quality of life declined, and euthanasia without necropsy was elected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosis of adnexal lymphoma in this patient prompted reevaluation of previously diagnosed intracranial disease and directed alternative systemic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Tonometer Correction Formulae to Determine True Normal Intraocular Pressures Across a Diverse Range of Species.","authors":"Andrew C Lewin, Caroline Rose, Xiaojuan Zhu, Paul E Miller","doi":"10.1111/vop.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To utilize previously published tonometer correction formulae to investigate whether true intraocular pressure (IOP) is relatively conserved across a diverse range of vertebrate species.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Tonometer correction formulae for 21 species.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>A literature search was performed to identify prior studies containing correction formulae for non-invasive tonometers used in normal animal and human subjects. In all cases, direct manometry was compared to non-invasive tonometry values. Where necessary, multiple correction regression formulae were combined to generate a single representative formula using a meta-analysis generic inverse variance method. A subsequent literature search was then performed to collect uncorrected IOP values of normal animals and humans using a variety of non-invasive tonometers. These IOP values were then corrected using the relevant correction formula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-five tonometer correction formulae and 104 studies containing IOP values in normal animals and humans acquired using non-invasive tonometry met the inclusion criteria. Corrected IOP values were calculated for 21 species using 13 types of non-invasive tonometers. Overall corrected and uncorrected mean IOP values were typically within a range of 10 to 25 mmHg (corrected: 16/21 species, uncorrected: 14/21 species). Differences between overall mean corrected and uncorrected IOP values ranged from 0.2 to 15.3 mmHg with an average of 6.1 mmHg difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>True normal IOP is relatively conserved across a diverse range of vertebrate species despite uncorrected values from individual tonometers suggesting otherwise. Maintaining true IOP between 10 and 25 mmHg appears to be important in ocular physiology in many vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Rock Inhibitor (Y-27632) on the Corneal Endothelium in Dogs Undergoing Phacoemulsification: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Marcella Rosa Filezio, Ivan R M Pádua, Gabriela Madruga, Fanchimery Fachini, Daniela Moura Dos Santos, Karina E H Bueno, José Luiz Laus, Paola Castro Moraes","doi":"10.1111/vop.13325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cataract is one of the most common ocular conditions in dogs, and phacoemulsification is the preferred therapeutic method among ophthalmologists. Of all postoperative complications, endothelial injuries stand out, potentially leading to permanent corneal decompensation and loss of transparency. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) on endothelial protection in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification. Twenty eyes of 10 dogs with bilateral senile cataracts were divided into two groups: Control Eyes (CE) (n = 10), which received balanced saline solution (BSS), and Treated Eyes (TE) (n = 10), which received 0.3 mL of intracameral Y-27632 at a concentration of 100 μmol/L immediately after corneal suturing. The corneal endothelium was evaluated through non-contact specular microscopy before and at different time points after phacoemulsification. We analyzed endothelial cell density (cells/mm²) and cell area (μm²), corneal thickness (mm), hexagonality (%), and coefficient of variation of cell size (%). P values equal to or < 0.05 were considered significant. Both groups showed a loss of endothelial cell density without statistical difference. Regarding corneal thickness and hexagonality, there was no difference. In the CE group, the cell area increased significantly between the evaluated time points, which was not observed in the TE group. It is assumed that the intracameral application of 0.3 mL containing 100 μmol/L of Y-27632 during phacoemulsification in dogs contributes to the stability of corneal endothelial cells, reducing their loss (7.4%), although no significant decrease in cell loss was observed compared to its non-use (11.8%).</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}