World Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular burden of long coronavirus disease: Clinical challenges and emerging biomarkers.","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Oliveira Aguiar, Juan Marcos Caram Costa, Marina Maria Gomes Leite Oliveira, Caio Ferraz Lopes, Pedro Henrique Melo Lima, Victoria Cenci Dietrich, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell, Fabrício Freire de Melo","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long coronavirus disease (LC) is a condition characterized by a persistent state, with recurrent/remitting or progressive episodes, that may affect one or multiple organ systems following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The cardiovascular system is particularly impacted by this condition. This review aims to discuss the cardiovascular implications in LC and its potential mechanisms. We offer an updated summary of established and emerging biomarkers with clinical potential for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy monitoring. Conventional markers with established clinical roles, such as cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides (B-type natriuretic peptide/N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), D-dimer, and inflammatory markers (<i>e.g.</i>, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), coexist with less established but promising biomarkers, such as growth differentiation factor-15, galectin-3, von Willebrand factor, endothelin-1, and circulating microRNAs. The incomplete understanding of the mechanisms and their diverse clinical manifestations, underscores the urgent need for efficient diagnostic tests and predictive models. In this context, besides the lack of standardization in biomarker testing and the absence of validated longitudinal predictive models, the use of biomarker-based strategies represents a potential tool to improve early detection of high-risk patients, enable personalized follow-up, and support more effective prevention of cardiovascular complications in LC patients in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"112466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Correlation with disease severity and quality of life.","authors":"Praveen Kumar, Ajay Kumar Verma, Jyoti Bajpai, Sujita Kumar Kar, Akshyaya Pradhan, Surya Kant, Rajiv Garg, Santosh Kumar, Ram Avadh Singh Kushwaha, Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Darshan Kumar Bajaj, Anand Srivastava, Ankit Katiyar","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, including pulmonary hypertension (PH).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the prevalence and severity of PH in newly diagnosed OSA patients and evaluate its association with disease severity and quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 113 patients newly diagnosed with OSA underwent echocardiography to assess pulmonary artery pressures and completed the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. OSA severity was determined <i>via</i> polysomnography using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Statistical correlations between AHI, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), and QoL domains were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PH (defined by MPAP ≥ 20 mmHg) was observed in 71.68% of patients (MPAP ≥ 20 mmHg). Its prevalence increased with age and OSA severity (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The mean RVSP (39.4 mmHg in males <i>vs</i> 34.1 mmHg in females) and MPAP (27.76 mmHg in males <i>vs</i> 24.64 mmHg in females) values were slightly higher in males but the difference was not statistically significant. AHI and oxygen desaturation index positively correlated with RVSP (<i>r</i> = 0.677) and MPAP (<i>r</i> = 0.543). The WHOQOL-BREF scores were significantly lower in PH patients, particularly in physical and psychological domains (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PH in OSA is strongly linked to disease severity, impairs right ventricular function, and reduces QoL. Findings are limited by the cross-sectional design and reliance on echocardiography instead of right heart catheterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"112541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical atrial fibrillation: Implications of recent trials for guideline updates?","authors":"Akshyaya Pradhan, Shobhit Shah, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Alok Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.111882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.111882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the widespread use of cardiac implantable electronic devices and smartwatches, device-detected atrial fibrillation (AF) also referred to as subclinical AF (SCAF) is becoming increasingly common. The incidence of device-detected AF varies between 30% and 60%, depending on the definition and the device used for detection. Multiple studies, such as EMBRACE, CRYSTAL-AF, and FIND-AF, have confirmed higher detection rates of SCAF following prolonged rhythm monitoring using implantable loop recorders or external loop recorders in patients with cryptogenic stroke. The stroke risk associated with SCAF primarily depends on two factors: The baseline CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and the duration of SCAF episodes. Very-short episodes (< 6 minutes) are likely of uncertain significance, whereas episodes lasting > 24 hours increased the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) more than threefold in the ASSERT study. For episodes lasting between 6 minutes and 24 hours, the stroke risk is lower but varies with the baseline CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Previous randomized trials of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with cryptogenic stroke-NAVIGATE-ESUS (with rivaroxaban) and RE-SPECT ESUS (using dabigatran)-failed to demonstrate superiority over aspirin. More recently, two dedicated studies in SCAF with DOACs have been published: NOAH-AFNET 6 (with edoxaban) and ARTESIA (with apixaban). NOAH-AFNET 6 was terminated early for futility due to slow enrollment and lower-than-expected event rates. In contrast, apixaban reduced the risk of stroke and SE by 37% in the ARTESIA study, albeit with increased bleeding. These differing results may be attributed to differences in the DOAC used, trial design, and enrolled patient populations. Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend oral anticoagulation (OAC) for SCAF episodes lasting > 24 hours and a baseline CHA₂DS₂-VASc score > 2. For those with episodes lasting between 6 minutes and 24 hours, a higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc score > 3 points towards a benefit of OAC, while a conservative approach-including control of risk factors (<i>e.g.</i>, hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, alcohol intake) and periodic follow-up is warranted for the rest. However, considering the positive ARTESIA results, a reevaluation may be needed. Patients with high CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (> 4) and SCAF > 24 hours duration may be ideal candidates for DOAC therapy. Those with prior stroke and vascular disease also have a higher stroke risk in future and may be attractive candidates for OAC too. For those with high bleeding risk, re-evaluation after optimizing modifiable bleeding risk factors (<i>e.g.</i>, concomitant medications, blood pressure control) may help determine eligibility for anticoagulation. Ongoing large-scale DOAC trials will further clarify this contentious issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"111882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty in acute coronary syndrome: From risk stratification to clinical decision-making.","authors":"Ioanna Dimitriadou, Evangelos C Fradelos, John Skoularigis, Aikaterini Toska, Maria Saridi","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.113258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.113258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frailty is a common condition among older adults presenting with acute coronary syndrome and is recognized as a significant determinant of both short- and long-term outcomes. This literature review summarizes the concept of frailty and the assessment tools most relevant in acute care. We synthesize evidence linking frailty to mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and procedural complications, and highlight how heterogeneity among different frailty assessment tools has limited comparisons between studies and the incorporation of guidelines. For healthcare professionals, we propose a pragmatic approach: Rapid screening at first contact using a simple, validated tool; targeted multi-domain assessment for those with a positive result; and clear integration of frailty status into shared decision-making regarding interventional strategies, discharge planning, and transitional care. We identify key gaps, most notably the lack of randomized trials stratified by frailty, limited implementation research on frailty-guided care pathways, and the need to standardize metrics for cardiac testing and registries. Integrating frailty assessment into routine acute coronary syndrome care holds promise for improved individualized risk prediction and more patient-centered management, but will require coordinated research, clearer reporting standards, and feasible clinical workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"113258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kounis syndrome type III triggered by stents in patients with coronary artery disease: A review of clinical cases.","authors":"Kristina G Pereverzeva, Sergey S Yakushin, Ayoub Glenza, Arzu A Gurbanova","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.112827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kounis syndrome (KS) type III is a rare but life-threatening condition in which an acute allergic, anaphylactic, or anaphylactoid reaction precipitates acute coronary syndrome due to thrombosis or restenosis of a previously implanted coronary stent. The pathophysiological mechanism involves IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated mast cell activation, leading to coronary vasospasm, destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, and intrastent thrombosis. Known triggers include various allergens such as medications (notably antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), metallic or polymeric stent components, and drugs eluted from the stent surface. A review of relevant clinical cases from PubMed and Scopus (1991-2025; 6 publications meeting the inclusion criteria, reporting 6 cases) showed a mean patient age of 66 ± 11 years, with a male predominance (4/6). Only 3 patients had a history of allergic disease. Clinical manifestations included chest pain (100%), cutaneous rash (2 cases), and ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram (4 cases). Management included reperfusion therapy, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and dual antiplatelet therapy. Outcomes were generally favorable, although 1 patient died 3 years later due to KS-related complications. KS type III requires urgent recognition and simultaneous treatment of both the allergic reaction and coronary obstruction. In cases of unexplained stent thrombosis or restenosis, KS should be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"112827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Teochew population's genetic protective barrier: Apolipoprotein E- lipoprotein(a) kringle IV type 2 synergy as novel cardioprotective pathway.","authors":"Ru-Tong Wang, Ying-Qi Feng, Si-Qi Tu, Shen Yang","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.113327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.113327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xu <i>et al</i> provides crucial regional data for precision cardiovascular medicine in East Asia. This study focuses on the Teochew Han population in China for the first time and reveals the synergistic protective effect of the apolipoprotein E ε2 allele and high copy numbers of kringle IV type 2. This discovery holds significant importance for optimizing regional risk assessment models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"113327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and myocardial cell pyroptosis caused by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury.","authors":"Shuang Dong, Yun-Qi Liu, Yi-Jun Tu, Shan Gao, Yu-Jie Liu, Chang Liu, Zuo-Wei Pei","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.114108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.114108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a significant factor that negatively impacts the treatment outcomes of coronary heart disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction. The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) - NAD⁺ is crucial for various cellular functions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the effects and mechanisms of NAD⁺ on cell death caused by hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis in H9c2 cells was evaluated through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were measured with the fluorescent probe dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate. Intracellular NAD⁺ levels were quantified using a NAD/NAD reduced form assay kit. The impact of NAD⁺ on the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and caspase-1 was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated that NAD⁺ supplementation protects H9c2 cells from H/R induced cell pyroptosis. Mechanistically, external NAD⁺ reduces H/R induced pyroptosis in H9c2 cells by inhibiting the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that NAD⁺ supplementation may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for I/R injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"114108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 <i>vs</i> 5% albumin in cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery.","authors":"Ahmed Alqarni, Abdulwahab Algarni, Rejina Chhetri","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.114123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.114123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The choice of priming and volume replacement fluids during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery impacts hemodynamic stability, coagulation, renal function, and patient outcomes. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 and human albumin are commonly used colloids, but their relative safety and efficacy remain debated.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the outcomes of 6% HES 130/0.4 <i>vs</i> 5% albumin in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and grey literature sources up to August 2025. Randomized controlled trials and controlled observational studies comparing 6% HES 130/0.4 with 5% albumin in patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4, applying random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed with <i>I</i> ² statistics, and meta-regression explored baseline covariables. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and the Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies involving 908 patients (455 in the HES group, 453 in the albumin group) were included. No significant differences were observed between the HES and albumin groups for postoperative blood loss [mean difference = 42.4 mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): -90.0 to 174.9; <i>P</i> = 0.53], packed red blood cell transfusion [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.65-1.10; <i>P</i> = 0.16)], mortality (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.63-1.96; <i>P</i> = 0.80), intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, or postoperative platelet count and creatinine levels. However, HES was associated with a significantly higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.08-2.97; <i>P</i> = 0.02), indicating that while many clinical outcomes showed no significant difference, there is a specific safety concern related to renal function with HES use. Meta-regression did not identify baseline factors explaining heterogeneity in bleeding or AKI outcomes (all <i>P</i> > 0.10). No significant publication bias was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 6% HES 130/0.4 and 5% albumin exhibit similar efficacy for volume management in cardiac surgery with CPB; however, HES is associated with a higher risk of AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"114123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic insights into coronary heart disease in the Teochew population: Bridging gaps in precision medicine.","authors":"Zu-Chian Chiang, Xi Huang","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.113579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.113579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial highlights the study by Xu <i>et al</i> on genetic polymorphisms linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Teochew population. This study adjusted odds ratios for confounding factors including age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes. It identifies the apolipoprotein E ε2 allele and higher lipoprotein (a) kringle IV-2 (<i>KIV-2</i>) copy number as protective factors against CHD. The ε2 allele was found at a lower frequency in CHD patients (8.02%) compared to controls (13.29%), and each additional <i>KIV-2</i> copy reduced CHD risk by approximately 5% (odds ratio = 0.949). Conversely, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 polymorphisms showed no significant link to CHD. These findings underscore the importance of population-specific research, particularly for the Teochew population, where CHD is prevalent. They provide a foundation for precision risk stratification and targeted interventions, including lipoprotein (a)-lowering therapies for those with lower <i>KIV-2</i> copy numbers. Despite limitations, the study emphasizes the need for further research incorporating multi-omics data and lifestyle factors to enhance personalized CHD prevention, moving away from \"one-size-fits-all\" approaches. This research is essential for leveraging genetic insights into global CHD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"113579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A state-of-the-art review.","authors":"Ajit Singh Brar, Tejasvini Khanna, Aalam Sohal, Juniali Hatwal, Vishal Sharma, Carol Singh, Akash Batta, Praveen Chandra, Bishav Mohan","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.111954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.111954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has rapidly become the leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis worldwide, driven by the global surge in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. In parallel, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has surpassed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) as the predominant form of heart failure, particularly in individuals with metabolic comorbidities. Mounting evidence points to a significant overlap in the pathophysiological underpinnings of MASLD and HFpEF, with metabolic dysfunction serving as a common foundation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanistic links between MASLD and HFpEF, examining metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrotic pathways. We also explore the clinical implications of this association, including diagnostic considerations and therapeutic targets. Shared risk factors and inflammatory pathways have highlighted a strong bidirectional association between MASLD and cardiovascular diseases, particularly HFpEF. Significantly, the degree of hepatic fibrosis in MASLD correlates with HFpEF prognosis and severity, emphasizing the systemic nature of these conditions. Emerging pharmacological and lifestyle-based interventions aimed at managing both conditions underscore the importance of integrated, multidisciplinary care in improving long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"111954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12836017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}