World Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic roles nutritional index in patients with resectable and advanced biliary tract cancers.","authors":"Di Zeng, Ning-Yuan Wen, Yao-Qun Wang, Nan-Sheng Cheng, Bei Li","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.97697","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.97697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Identifying preoperative prognostic factors is crucial for effective risk-benefit assessments and patient stratification. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which reflects immune-inflammatory and nutritional status, has shown prognostic value in various cancers, but its significance in BTC remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the prognostic value of the preoperative PNI in BTC patients, with a focus on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive searches were conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 2024. The primary outcomes of interest focused on the associations between the preoperative PNI and the prognosis of BTC patients, specifically OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Statistical analyses were conducted <i>via</i> STATA 17.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies encompassing 4645 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that a low PNI was significantly associated with poorer OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.91, 95%CI: 1.59-2.29; <i>P</i> < 0.001] and DFS (HR 1.93, 95%CI: 1.39-2.67; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent results across BTC subtypes (cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer) and stages (resectable and advanced). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and no significant publication bias was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that a low preoperative PNI predicts poor OS and DFS in BTC patients, highlighting its potential as a valuable prognostic tool. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and enhance BTC patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 6","pages":"97697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluating <i>Calculus bovis</i>: Modulating the liver cancer immune microenvironment <i>via</i> the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.","authors":"Shi-Yue Wang, Kai-Juan Wang","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.99750","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.99750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we comment on the work published by Huang <i>et al</i>, which explores the mechanisms by which <i>Calculus bovis</i> (CB) modulates the liver cancer immune microenvironment <i>via</i> the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. The study demonstrates that active components in CB effectively inhibit the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, significantly reducing the polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages. Both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments have validated the anti-tumour effects of CB, revealing its complex mechanisms of action through the modulation of immune cell functions within the tumour microenvironment. This article highlights CB's therapeutic potential in liver cancer treatment and calls for further investigations into its mechanisms and clinical applications to develop safer, more effective options for patients. The study also revealed that key components of CB, such as bilirubin and bile acids, inhibit tumour cell proliferation and promote apoptosis through multiple pathways. Future research should explore the mechanisms of action of CB and its potential integration with existing treatments to improve the therapeutic outcomes of liver cancer patients. With multidisciplinary collaboration and advanced research, CB could become a key component of comprehensive liver cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 6","pages":"99750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenosine triphosphate-binding pocket inhibitor for mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein attenuated alcoholic liver disease <i>via</i> necroptosis-independent pathway.","authors":"Han-Ning Xuan Yuan, Hyun Sung Kim, Gye Ryeol Park, Jae Eun Ryu, Ji Eun Kim, In Young Kang, Hye Young Kim, Seung Min Lee, Ju Hee Oh, Eileen L Yoon, Dae Won Jun","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.96782","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.96782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) serves as a critical mediator in necroptosis, a form of regulated cell death linked to various liver diseases. This study aims to specifically investigate the role of MLKL's adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding pocket in facilitating necroptosis-independent pathways that may contribute to liver disease progression. By focusing on this mechanism, we seek to identify potential therapeutic targets that can modulate MLKL activity, offering new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-related pathologies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the possibility of using the ATP-binding pocket-associated, necroptosis-independent MLKL pathway as a target for liver diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell death following necroptosis stimuli was evaluated using cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy in various cells. The human liver organoid system was used to evaluate whether the MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor could attenuate inflammation. Additionally, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases animal models were used to determine whether MLKL ATP pocket inhibitors could attenuate liver injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While an MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor did not prevent necroptosis-induced cell death in RAW 264.7 cells, it did reduce the necroptosis-led expression of <i>CXCL2</i>, <i>ICAM</i>, and <i>VCAM</i>. Notably, MLKL ATP pocket inhibitor diminishes the expression of <i>CXCL2</i>, <i>ICAM</i>, and <i>VCAM</i> by inhibiting the IκB kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B pathways without inducing necroptosis-induced cell death in two-dimensional cell culture as well as the human-derived liver organoid system. Although MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor was ineffective in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models, MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor attenuated hepatic inflammation in the alcoholic liver disease model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor exerted anti-inflammatory effects through the necroptosis-independent MLKL pathway in an animal model of alcoholic liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 6","pages":"96782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratin 1 modulates intestinal barrier and immune response <i>via</i> kallikrein kinin system in ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Xiang-Qian Dong, Ying-Hui Zhang, Juan Luo, Mao-Juan Li, Lan-Qing Ma, Ya-Ting Qi, Ying-Lei Miao","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.102070","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i6.102070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>External factors in ulcerative colitis (UC) exacerbate colonic epithelial permeability and inflammatory responses. Keratin 1 (KRT1) is crucial in regulating these alterations, but its specific role in the progression of UC remains to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the role and mechanisms of KRT1 in the regulation of colonic epithelial permeability and inflammation in UC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A KRT1 antibody concentration gradient test, along with a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced animal model, was implemented to investigate the role of KRT1 in modulating the activation of the kallikrein kinin system (KKS) and the cleavage of bradykinin (BK)/high molecular weight kininogen (HK) in UC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with KRT1 antibody in Caco-2 cells suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, reduced HK expression, and increased BK expression. It further downregulated intestinal barrier proteins, including occludin, zonula occludens-1, and claudin, and negatively impacted the coagulation factor XII. These changes led to enhanced activation of BK and HK cleavage, thereby intensifying KKS-mediated inflammation in UC. In the DSS-induced mouse model, administration of KRT1 antibody mitigated colonic injury, increased colon length, alleviated weight loss, and suppressed inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α. It also facilitated repair of the intestinal barrier, reducing DSS-induced injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KRT1 inhibits BK expression, suppresses inflammatory cytokines, and enhances markers of intestinal barrier function, thus ameliorating colonic damage and maintaining barrier integrity. KRT1 is a viable therapeutic target for UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 6","pages":"102070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectal neuroendocrine tumors: Can we predict their behavior?","authors":"Elisabetta Dell'Unto, Francesco Panzuto, Gianluca Esposito","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.101150","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (r-NETs) are the second most common type of neuroendocrine tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, with an increase in incidence in the last decades. They are low-grade tumors and, given their low risk of metastasis, current guidelines recommend endoscopic resection for small lesions. The GATIS predicting score, proposed by Zeng <i>et al</i>, represents an innovative model designed to predict individualized survival outcomes for patients with r-NETs, analyzing the relationship between clinicopathological features and patient prognoses. The authors identified tumor grade, T stage, tumor size, age, and prognostic nutritional index as key prognostic factors, demonstrating that the GATIS Score provides a more accurate prognosis assessment compared to the World Health Organization classification or the tumor-node-metastasis staging system. Nevertheless, further larger prospective studies are necessary, and the scientific community's efforts in this context should be directed toward developing international multicentric prospective studies, with the ultimate aim of accurately defining and understanding the behavior of these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 5","pages":"101150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of triglyceride-glucose index on the long-term prognosis of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Yao, Xiao Ma, Yong-Zheng Cui, Jie Liu, Zheng-Xiang Han, Jun Song","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.102249","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.102249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancements in immunotherapies, patient prognosis remains poor, necessitating the identification of key prognostic factors to optimize the treatment approaches. Insulin resistance, as indicated by the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, is increasingly recognized for its impact on cancer progression and immune modulation, and its potential role in GC prognosis is of particular interest.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate whether the TyG index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, can predict the prognosis of patients with advanced GC receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 300 patients with advanced GC who received sintilimab combined with chemotherapy. The patients were categorized into two groups according to high or low TyG index, and independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, which led to the development of a nomogram model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the included patients, 136 had a high TyG index and 164 had a low TyG index. The median progression-free survival of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group. Similarly, the median OS of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group. The objective response and disease control rates in the two groups were 18.38% <i>vs</i> 9.15% and 58.82% <i>vs</i> 46.95%, respectively. No significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse reactions at any level between the two groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, and TyG index acted as independent prognostic factors for OS. Of these factors, the hazard ratio of the TyG index was 0.36 (95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.55, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the nomogram model re-emphasized its importance as the main predictor of patient prognosis, followed by programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, and patients with a high index have a better prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 5","pages":"102249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning model using immune indicators to predict outcomes in early liver cancer.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Ke Shi, Ying Feng, Xian-Bo Wang","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.101722","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.101722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally have good survival rates following surgical resection. However, a subset of these patients experience recurrence within five years post-surgery.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop predictive models utilizing machine learning (ML) methods to detect early-stage patients at a high risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight hundred and eight patients with HCC at Beijing Ditan Hospital were randomly allocated to training and validation cohorts in a 2:1 ratio. Prognostic models were generated using random survival forests and artificial neural networks (ANNs). These ML models were compared with other classic HCC scoring systems. A decision-tree model was established to validate the contribution of immune-inflammatory indicators to the long-term outlook of patients with early-stage HCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immune-inflammatory markers, albumin-bilirubin scores, alpha-fetoprotein, tumor size, and International Normalized Ratio were closely associated with the 5-year survival rates. Among various predictive models, the ANN model generated using these indicators through ML algorithms exhibited superior performance, with a 5-year area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.82-0.88). In the validation cohort, the 5-year AUC was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.74-0.85). According to the ANN model, patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups, with an overall survival hazard ratio of 7.98 (95%CI: 5.85-10.93, <i>P <</i> 0.0001) between the two cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A non-invasive, cost-effective ML-based model was developed to assist clinicians in identifying high-risk early-stage HCC patients with poor postoperative prognosis following surgical resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 5","pages":"101722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical assessment of the reported bidirectional associations between gallstone, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and kidney stone diseases.","authors":"Jing-Jing Lu, Yuan-Zhi Chen, Yuan-Peng Huang","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.102047","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.102047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent article by Jiang <i>et al</i> published in <i>World Journal of Gastroenterology</i> reports substantial bidirectional associations between gallstone disease (GSD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and kidney stone disease (KSD), based on multicenter cross-sectional studies and a systematic review with meta-analysis. While the findings have the potential to significantly impact clinical and preventive strategies, several methodological issues merit closer examination. This letter critiques key aspects of the study, including sample population heterogeneity, potential confounding variables, and the reliance on cross-sectional data that may limit causal inferences. We also discuss the generalizability of these results to broader populations given the study's focus on the Chinese demographic. By addressing these concerns, we suggest a more nuanced interpretation of the associations between GSD, NAFLD, and KSD, advocating for longitudinal studies to validate these findings and enhance their applicability in global health contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 5","pages":"102047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving gastrointestinal scoring systems for predicting short-term mortality in critically ill patients.","authors":"Shane Moore, Noel E Donlon","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.102622","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.102622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shen <i>et al</i>'s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal (GI) injury in critically ill patients [the GI Dysfunction Score (GIDS) and the Acute Gastrointestinal Injury (AGI) grade]. The authors note that this study is the first proposal that suggests an equivalence between the ability of both scores to predict mortality at 28 days from intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Shen <i>et al</i> retrospectively analysed an ICU cohort of patients utilising two physicians administering both the AGI grade and GIDS score, using electronic healthcare records and ICU flowsheets. Where these physicians disagreed about the scores, the final decision as to the scores was made by an associate chief physician, or chief physician. We note that the primary reason for the development of GIDS was to create a clear score for GI dysfunction, with minimal subjectivity or inter-operator variability. The subjectivity inherent to the older AGI grading system is what ultimately led to the development of GIDS in 2021. By ensuring consensus between physicians administering the AGI, Shen <i>et al</i> have controlled for one of this grading systems biggest issues. We have concerns, however, that this does not represent the real-world challenges associated with applying the AGI compared to the newer GIDS, and wonder if this arbitration process had not been instituted, would the two scoring systems remain equivalent in terms of predicted mortality?</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 5","pages":"102622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors, prevention and screening of colorectal cancer: A rising problem.","authors":"Vladislav V Tsukanov, Alexander V Vasyutin, Julia L Tonkikh","doi":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.98629","DOIUrl":"10.3748/wjg.v31.i5.98629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The leading risk factors for CRC include male gender, age over 50, family history, obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet. CRC screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence, economic resources and healthcare structure. Important aspects of screening include adherence, which can vary significantly across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Basic concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colonoscopy or radiologic imaging techniques. Technological capabilities for CRC screening are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test, liquid biopsy, virtual colonography, and the use of artificial intelligence. A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted implementation of screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":23778,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"31 5","pages":"98629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}