Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced apoptosis, inflammatory cellularity, collagen deposition, and interaction between fibroblasts and Leishmania amastigotes in undamaged ear skin of dogs with leishmaniosis","authors":"Barbara Laurice Araújo Verçosa ,&nbsp;Maria Imaculada Muniz-Junqueira ,&nbsp;Luciano de F. Borges ,&nbsp;Maria Norma Melo ,&nbsp;Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibroblasts are located close to the area of skin inoculation of <em>Leishmania</em> promastigotes. They are a potential cellular target for early parasite infection, harboring amastigotes of <em>Leishmania</em> spp. This study aimed to determine the apoptosis in fibroblasts, and to correlate these results with inflammation, parasite load, AgNOR (Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region) index, and clinical features in <em>Leishmania</em>-affected dogs. Fragments from the undamaged ear skin of 16 <em>Leishmania</em>-infected and seven uninfected dogs were evaluated by histomorphometry and immunohistochemical analysis, which correlated fibroblast apoptosis to clinical manifestation and parasite load. Ultra-thin sections were examined under transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). When applying immunohistochemical analysis, <em>Leishmania</em> amastigotes were only found in clinically affected dogs. The cellularity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the AgNOR index (fibroblasts and inflammatory infiltrate) were higher in clinically affected dogs. The collagen deposition score was statistically significantly higher in <em>Leishmania</em>-infected dogs. The apoptotic index of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts proved to be higher in clinically affected dogs. From an ultrastructural point of view, apoptotic cells shrank, while the nuclear chromatin and cytoplasm condensed. Amastigotes were observed within inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and in the inner portions of fibroblasts. Fibroblast apoptosis was related to both the increase in the parasite load and the intensity of the inflammatory response. Histomorphometric assessments (inflammation, parasite load, AgNOR index, and apoptosis) and clinical manifestations were also associated. Collagen deposition was positively correlated with AgNOR expression and the apoptotic index (inflammatory cell and fibroblast). Therefore, fibroblast apoptosis contributes to the infection process, pathogenesis, and chronicity of canine leishmaniosis. Moreover, fibroblasts may well provide an escape mechanism for immune defenses against <em>Leishmania</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle using an in vitro cultivated antigen for indirect-ELISA in Thailand","authors":"Giang Thi Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pairpailin Jhaiaun ,&nbsp;Tanapat Mutchimadilok ,&nbsp;Wissanuwat Chimnoi ,&nbsp;Burin Nimsuphan ,&nbsp;Ruttayaporn Ngasaman ,&nbsp;Pipat Arunvipas ,&nbsp;Jumnongjit Phasuk ,&nbsp;Tawin Inpankaew ,&nbsp;Ketsarin Kamyingkird","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> is a hemoflagellate protozoan primarily transmitted by blood-sucking insects, causing significant economic losses in livestock across Southeast Asia, Africa and South America, with seroprevalence ranging from 0 % to more than 80 %. In Thailand, most livestock infections are asymptomatic, making diagnosis and disease control challenging. The WOAH recommends using an iELISA with WCLAs for detecting latent infection. However, this method relies on experimental animals to produce antigens, leading to complexity, high costs, and ethical concerns. To address this, the present study utilized in <em>in vitro</em>-produced crude antigens in an iELISA to detect anti-<em>T. evansi</em> antibodies in cattle and compare with the reference test with <em>in vivo T. evansi</em> crude antigen. Examination of total 778 serum samples revealed individual and herd-level seroprevalence rates of 20.05 % and 60 %, respectively, indicating significant exposure to <em>T. evansi</em>. Seroprevalence varied geographically, with the highest rate in Suphanburi province and no cases detected in Tak and Ubon Ratchathani provinces. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that cattle from the central and northern regions had higher seroprevalence rates than those from the northeastern region, likely due to differences in vector distribution, farming practices, or environmental conditions. The iELISA using <em>in vitro</em>-produced antigens demonstrated comparable performance to <em>in vivo</em>-produced antigens (k = 0.500), confirming its potential as a reliable diagnostic tool. This study is the first to use <em>in vitro</em>-cultured <em>T. evansi</em> antigens for antibody detection in small-scale Thai livestock farms. The method offers several advantages, including improved standardization, cost-effectiveness, and ethical benefits by replacing the need for live animals in antigen production. The findings of this study provide essential information on the seroprevalence of <em>T. evansi</em> and associated risk factors in cattle in Thailand, thereby contributing to improved disease surveillance and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of different plant extracts on Histomonas meleagridis in vitro and in vivo in chickens","authors":"Qiao-Guang Chen ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Rong ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Zhao-Feng Hou ,&nbsp;Dan-Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Tao ,&nbsp;Jin-Jun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Histomonosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by Histomonas meleagridis, which can lead to cecal inflammation and liver necrosis in poultry. Since the discontinuation of nitarsone in 2015, there is currently a lack of approved prophylactics for managing histomonosis. In search of potential alternatives, the present investigation evaluated the inhibitory effects of seven commercial plant extracts on the in vitro growth of H. meleagridis. Additionally, the in vivo effectiveness of three of the most promising plant extracts was evaluated. The study demonstrated that all seven plant extracts exhibited antihistomonal properties in vitro. Sodium houttuyfonate, emodin, and osthole displayed the highest effectiveness among these extracts, as evidenced by their respective minimal lethal concentration of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL. Subsequently, these three plant extracts were employed in additional in vivo testing. The results indicated that all three extracts could mitigate liver and cecum lesion scores in infected chickens while facilitating a degree of body weight gain following infection compared to the challenged control. The group administered with 0.5 g/kg (feed) sodium houttuyfonate exhibited the most pronounced effect, as evidenced by the absence of a significant difference in weight gain compared to the dimetridazole group (P &lt; 0.05). However, the three plant extracts did not fully restore the body weight of infected chickens to levels comparable with the blank control. The experimental results indicate that sodium houttuyfonate, emodin, and osthole possess properties that contribute to the prevention and treatment of histomonosis, with sodium houttuyfonate demonstrating the most favorable results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activity of selected essential oils on the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)","authors":"Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Youssefi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are significant ectoparasites affecting livestock, transmitting diseases, and causing economic losses. This study evaluates the larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em>, <em>Lippia adoensis</em>, and <em>Clausena anisate</em> essential oils against <em>Rhipicephalus</em> (<em>Boophilus) annulatus</em> under controlled laboratory conditions. These plants were selected due to their well-documented bioactive compounds, known for their antimicrobial, insecticidal, and acaricidal properties. Essential oils were tested at various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 %) to assess their effectiveness compared to synthetic acaricide, permethrin. <em>S. aromaticum</em> oil demonstrated the highest larvicidal efficacy, achieving 85.7 % mortality at 20 %, significantly outperforming synthetic acaricide, with an LC50 value of 2.59 %. Its ovicidal activity also resulted in a notable reduction in egg hatchability, inhibiting 79.9 % of eggs at its highest concentration, reaching to LC50 value of 5.07 %. Despite its low ovicidal LC50 value, permethrin did not surpass the total acaricidal activity of essential oils. <em>C. anisata</em> and <em>L. adoensis</em>, while effective, demonstrated moderate larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent effects compared to <em>S. aromaticum.</em> These findings highlight the potential of essential oils, specifically <em>S. aromaticum</em> as natural alternatives for tick control, reducing reliance on synthetic acaricides and promoting sustainable pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection mechanisms of Pochonia chlamydosporia: A breakthrough in Fasciola hepatica egg control","authors":"Luyao Hao ,&nbsp;Hongyou Liu ,&nbsp;Fengmiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Li ,&nbsp;Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional parasite management has long been plagued by issues such as drug resistance and environmental pollution. Biological control using <em>Pochonia chlamydosporia</em> has emerged as a sustainable alternative, yet the underlying infection mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to comprehensively elucidate these mechanisms, with a particular focus on the role of gene editing. Employing optical, SEM, and TEM microscopy, we observed that <em>P. chlamydosporia</em> infects <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> eggs in three distinct stages. TEM analysis first visualized unique infection pegs crucial for initial eggshell penetration. Using 4D-DIA mass spectrometry, proteomics identified 208 differentially expressed proteins between normal and nematode - egg - induced mycelium, of which 93 were downregulated and 115 were upregulated. Through comprehensive protein sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analyses, we successfully identified a key gene, designated p1. To understand p1's function, we used RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression. We constructed pSilent-1-p1 (RNAi vector) and pBARGPE1-p1 (overexpression vector). The overexpression strain pBARGPE-p1 demonstrated a remarkable increase in serine protease activity (0.63 U/mL), indicating an enhanced ability to degrade host tissues. Conversely, the deletion strain pSilent-1-p1 had lower activity, indicating the crucial role of the p1 gene in protease production. When assessing the infection efficiency against three types of nematode eggs, both the overexpressed and silenced strains exhibited a downward trend. The silenced strain had a significantly reduced infection rate, with an average of 45.22 %, highlighting the importance of the p1 gene in the fungus's parasitic ability. Notably, no significant differences were observed among strains with respect to spore concentration, mycelial biomass, and growth rate. These findings, centered on the p1 gene provide comprehensive insights into the biological control mechanisms of <em>P. chlamydosporia</em>, establishing a solid theoretical foundation for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly parasite management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay, and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma platys","authors":"Nokuzola F. Nkosi ,&nbsp;Charles Byaruhanga ,&nbsp;Sintayehu M. Arega ,&nbsp;Anne Conan ,&nbsp;Darryn L. Knobel ,&nbsp;Marinda C. Oosthuizen ,&nbsp;Melvyn Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by species of the genus <em>Anaplasma.</em> In dogs anaplasmosis is caused by <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> and <em>Anaplasma platys</em>. These bacteria are in the family <em>Anaplasmataceae</em> in the order <em>Rickettsiales</em>. <em>Anaplasma platys</em> is a Gram-negative bacterium that is of public health and veterinary importance. This pathogen exclusively infects platelets and causes infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in dogs. Infection occurs through the bite of an infected ixodid tick, <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus,</em> which is the principal vector and is also known to transmit <em>Ehrlichia</em> canis, another bacteria of veterinary importance. Our group recently reported on the developed group-specific <em>Ehrlichia</em>/<em>Anaplasma</em> primers and the <em>A. platys</em>-specific TaqMan® Minor Groove Binder probe for multiplexing purposes. This study validated the <em>A. platys</em> TaqMan® PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis was used to characterize <em>A. platys</em>. The assay efficiency was 94.9 %, and the 95 % limit of detection (LOD) was 5.08 <em>A. platys</em> plasmid copies/μl blood with a 95 % confidence interval of 3.1–10.2. The assay did not cross-react when tested against other haemoparasites. The phylogenetic characterization of the Mnisi community samples revealed that the <em>A. platys</em> sequences from this area grouped with other <em>A. platys</em> sequences from South Africa and other countries, including India, Zambia, Taiwan, Thailand, and Croatia. The developed TaqMan® qPCR assay will be a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of <em>A. platys</em> by preventing inappropriate use of antibiotics and alleviating potential emerging antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, early detection and administration of the correct antibiotics speed recovery time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval anatomy and intra-puparial development of the camel nasal bot fly, Cephalopina titillator (Diptera: Oestridae)","authors":"Daniel Martín-Vega ,&nbsp;Martin J.R. Hall ,&nbsp;Asha Antony ,&nbsp;Brett Clark ,&nbsp;Robert Barigye ,&nbsp;Temesgen Mohammed ,&nbsp;Layaly Hamdan ,&nbsp;Bojan Gajic","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Larvae of the camel nasal bot fly, <em>Cephalopina titillator</em> (Diptera: Oestridae), cause nasopharyngeal myiasis in camels. This myiasis can be severe, even fatal. Here, the morphology of the main organs of second (L2) and third (L3) instar larvae and of the intra-puparial forms are described, using a combination of micro-computed tomography supported by routine histology. For this, L2 and L3 larvae were collected from the heads of slaughtered camels and were either killed and preserved or allowed to pupariate. Pupariated specimens were killed at intervals and larvae and puparia were prepared for micro-CT scanning. Additionally, freshly collected larval specimens were fixed, stained and examined by light microscopy. The most distinctive internal larval structures were the digestive organs, occupying almost 5 % of the internal larval volume. The larval salivary glands were enlarged, with a similar relative volume to other Oestrinae, but they were shorter and did not unite posteriorly in a “glandular band”. The distal region of the Malpighian tubules was also enlarged as in other Oestrinae, but to a lesser degree. The intra-puparial forms showed a gradual reduction of the digestive tract, reflecting the non-feeding behaviour of adults, yet had highly developed reproductive organs facilitating mating soon after eclosion. The morphological and physiological adaptations to parasitism are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GLI3 may be involved in the damage process of Eimeria tenella to chicken cecal tissue","authors":"Wanjiang Xiang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Ye He ,&nbsp;Yongmei Yu ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Bi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhentao Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eimeria tenella</em> (<em>E. tenella</em>) is the most pathogenic avian coccidial species that targets the cecal epithelial cells of chickens. During the peak period of <em>E. tenella</em> oocyst shedding, the release of a large number of oocysts causes great damage to the cecal tissue. This study uses scanning electron microscopy to observe morphological changes in the host cecum during this period. Subsequently, the metabolic status and transcription level of the cecal tissue were analyzed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanism between <em>E. tenella</em> and the host. The results show substantial cecal tissue damage during the peak oocyst shedding period. The test group shows widespread epithelial cell sloughing, lamina propria exposure, widened intercellular spaces, and a scattered arrangement of absorptive epithelial cells. Combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome revealed that primary metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, were significantly altered in the process of <em>E. tenella</em> damage to cecal tissue. The transcription factor <em>GLI</em>-Kruppel family member 3 (<em>GLI3</em>) may be involved in regulation of primary metabolic pathways through mTORC1 signaling pathway. This study elucidates how <em>E. tenella</em> affects the host through physiological, metabolic and transcriptional changes in chicken cecal tissue. It provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of host immune response and the molecular dynamics of parasite-host interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative RNA-Seq analysis of host-parasite interactions and microbiota shifts in the gills of two fish species infected with monogeneans","authors":"Daniel Toala-Franco ,&nbsp;Diana M. Torres-Cifuentes ,&nbsp;Lizeth C. Flores-Méndez ,&nbsp;Víctor Hugo Caña-Bozada","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monogenean infections represent a significant threat to aquaculture by compromising fish health. These parasites can cause severe histological damage and increase mortality rates. The white snook (<em>Centropomus viridis</em>) and the gilthead seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) are two commercially important fish species that become susceptible to diseases when infected with monogeneans. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying host responses to infection is essential for developing effective disease management strategies. In this study, we performed an integrative RNA-Seq analysis using transcriptomic datasets from <em>C. viridis</em> and <em>S. aurata</em> infected with the monogeneans <em>Rhabdosynochus viridisi</em> and <em>Sparicotyle chrysophrii</em>, respectively. These datasets originate from three studies, allowing us to investigate host gene expression changes, monogenean gene activation, and microbiota shifts associated with infection. Our analysis of the gill microbiota revealed significant alterations in bacterial composition between infected and uninfected fish. In the microbiota of both <em>C. viridis</em> and <em>S. aurata</em>, eight bacterial families were more abundant in infected fish, whereas eleven and four families, respectively, were more abundant in uninfected fish. In monogeneans, the molecular mechanisms shared across all Bioprojects included extracellular matrix organization, proteolysis, and gluconeogenesis, processes that may be involved in parasite colonization and survival within the host. In fish, our analysis identified shared molecular mechanisms between <em>S. aurata</em> and <em>C. viridis</em>, including oxygen carrier activity, cytokine regulation, bacterial response, and cadherin-mediated adhesion, highlighting a complex interplay between the host immune system, microbiota, and parasite. These findings enhance our understanding of fish-microbiome-parasite interactions and offer valuable perspectives for improving disease control strategies in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcoptic mange in cattle: Effects of treatment with eprinomectin topical solution on performance, behavior changes, and adrenal and systemic responses to ACTH challenge","authors":"Steffen Rehbein,&nbsp;Dietmar Hamel,&nbsp;Martin Visser,&nbsp;Renate Rauh","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine sarcoptic mange can cause significant pruritus and skin disease which compromise the health and welfare of the animals, impairs animal productivity and is furthermore of zoonotic concern. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of efficacious treatment of sarcoptic mange on performance and on animal welfare using behavioral indicators and adrenal reactivity testing.</div><div>Sixteen young cattle with induced sarcoptic mange were allocated by restricted randomization based on body weight to an untreated group (control) or a treated group (eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution [EPRINEX® Pour-On] at Day 0) and monitored for eight weeks after treatment administration (mite counts, lesion scores, anti-<em>Sarcoptes</em> antibodies, feed intake, body weight, 24-hour behavior videotaping, adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] stimulation at Day 58).</div><div>The treated animals became mite-negative four weeks after treatment while all untreated cattle maintained the infestation. The antibody levels followed the mite counts and lesion scores, decreased after treatment in the treated cattle and increased throughout the study in the untreated controls. Over the 8-week post-treatment period, the treated animals gained more weight (81.9 kg vs. 67.8 kg, respectively; p &lt; 0.05) and had a higher feed conversion efficacy (0.203 kg gain/kg feed vs. 0.154 kg gain/kg feed, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). Behavioral activities of the cattle did not differ between the two groups at Day 0. However, at Day 56 treated cattle spent more time lying during 24 hours (p = 0.0754) and did less often rub, kick and lick (p &lt; 0.05) than the untreated cattle. Analysis of the behaviors of Day 0 vs. Day 56 within each group demonstrated no significant difference for any activity in the untreated group, but extension of lying time and reduction of rubbing, kicking and licking (p &lt; 0.05) were observed for the animals treated eight weeks before. The ACTH stimulation indicated reduced adrenal and systemic reactivity in the untreated cattle.</div><div>The efficacious treatment of sarcoptic mange resulted in a substantial increase of the performance of the cattle and effectively alleviated the adverse welfare caused by mange. Analysis of specific behavioral activities and adrenal reactivity testing provided evidence for adverse welfare and impacted metabolic capability due to chronic stress caused by the infestation with mange that can be prevented by efficacious treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 110474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}