Water Resources and Industry最新文献

{"title":"Study on optimizing the preparation condition of CuAl-LDH functionalized maize stalk biochar and evaluating its performance in anionic dye adsorption","authors":"Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff ,&nbsp;Bilkisu Favour Bode-Olajide ,&nbsp;Sophia Ifeoma Chigozie ,&nbsp;Noureddine Elboughdiri ,&nbsp;Yuli Panca Asmara ,&nbsp;Lukman Shehu Mustapha ,&nbsp;Kasim Sakran Abass","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of nanoparticle-modified biochar as adsorbent could eliminate the environmental and public health risks associated with water-soluble organic contaminants due to its superior textural attributes and high uptake capacity. This work optimized the preparation conditions of CuAl-layered double hydroxide functionalized maize stalk biochar (CuAl-LDH/MSB) for anionic dye (acid blue 25, AB25) adsorption using Taguchi design approach. CuAl-LDH/MSB composites were synthesized under 9 different conditions, according to Taguchi L9 (3⁴) orthogonal array design (molar ratio of Cu²⁺: Al³⁺: 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1, pyrolysis temperature: 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, biomass loading: 2 g, 3 g and 4 g and pyrolysis duration: 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h). The physicochemical and adsorption properties of the optimal CuAl-LDH/MSB sample were assessed using different analytical techniques and batch adsorption tests. Analysis of variance was performed to calculate the percentage of contribution of controllable parameters, which described their levels of influence on process response. Optimization results showed that the CuAl-LDH/MSB properties and adsorption performance were mostly influenced by Cu²⁺: Al³⁺ molar ratio (34.98%), followed by biomass loading (34.74%), pyrolysis time (29.03%) and pyrolysis temperature (1.25%). The optimal conditions for preparation of CuAl-LDH/MSB for adsorptive removal of AB25 were pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, Cu²⁺: Al³⁺ molar ratio of 2:1, pyrolysis time of 1.5 h and biomass loading of 3 g, which resulted in 25.02 mg g⁻¹ AB25 dye uptake. The favourable adsorption of AB25 by the optimal adsorbent (CuAl-LDH/MSB_-opt) was achieved at pH of 6.0 and equilibrium time of 2 h. Further study revealed that Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately anticipated the adsorption experimental data, confirming the multilayer coverage process of AB25 onto CuAl-LDH/MSB_-opt and chemisorption mechanism. The AB25 adsorption onto CuAl-LDH/MSB_-opt was feasible in nature, spontaneous and endothermic as indicated by thermodynamic parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-waste to environmental purifier: Application of potato peel for acid red 73 adsorption from leather dyeing effluent","authors":"Fatema-Tuj Zohra ,&nbsp;Sobur Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Zahangir Alam ,&nbsp;Md Nurnabi ,&nbsp;Nazia Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potato peel powder (PP) was prepared from kitchen wastes and explored in removal of Acid Red 73 (AR 73) dye from leather dyeing effluent. PP was characterized through FTIR, BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. SEM micrographs illustrated rough and porous structure of PP that support the adsorption process. FTIR spectrum exhibited the changes caused by formation of hydrogen bonding, complex bonding, or other electrostatic interaction after dye adsorption. Wide and frail peaks in the XRD image indicated existence of amorphous carbon. BET analysis exhibited mesoporous structure of PP with average pore diameter of 85.98 Å. The impact of various influences viz. pH, dosages, concentration, time and temperature were explored through batch investigation. The maximum AR73 dye adsorption capacity of PP was 258.39 mg/g. The dye adsorption on PP complied both the Langmuir (R² = 0.989) and Freundlich (R² = 0.993) isotherm, preferably Freundlich model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.999) was fitted better, i.e. chemisorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 135.34 ± 1.59 mg/g at 298 K, which was decreased to 125.34 ± 1.81, 114.27 ± 1.43, and 104.08 ± 1.53 mg/g at 308, 318 and 328 K, respectively. Negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) revealed that adsorption of AR 73 dye on PP was spontaneous. In real sample analysis, about 98.17 ± 0.58 % dye removal was obtained with 137.39 ± 2.46 mg/g capacity. This research revealed that PP has a good prospect for the application of AR 73 dye removal from leather dyeing effluent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulations of solid suspensions in a gravity thickener","authors":"Mahmoud Alzoubi ,&nbsp;Antoine Monot ,&nbsp;David Rancourt ,&nbsp;Sébastien Poncet","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the overall water and energy consumptions in deep mines is a necessity in moving toward a more sustainable mining industry. Underground water treatment is a key requirement to achieve this goal. This study numerically investigates the dynamics of a continuous decantation process as a technique to recycle and reuse wastewater in deep mines without pumping it to the surface. A three-dimensional mathematical model that considers the conservation of mass and momentum has been derived, validated, and implemented to simulate the turbulent two-phase flow inside a decantation tank. The validation is achieved by comparing the numerical simulations to experimental data from the literature for two reference cases: (i) turbulent slurry flows (water and glass particles) in a horizontal pipe; (ii) turbulent swirling flow of limestone ore - water in a hydrocyclone. The framework of the validated model has been extended to examine the effect of various design parameters on the efficiency of a full-scale conical-shaped decantation tank (diameter of 1 [m] and total height of 0.97 [m]). The inlet values of flowrate and particle volume concentration are fixed to 50 [GPM] and 4.5 [%], respectively. The diameter and density of the solid particles are equal to 150 [<em>μ</em>m] and 1.15, respectively. The results compare the efficiency of 20 different designs of the decantation tank (with/without inner cylinder, scrapers, feedwell, …) in terms of the overflow water quality. The results indicate that the efficiency of the decantation tank increases with inner surface area at fixed volume. Also the plain decanter with scrapers exhibits the highest efficiency, whereas the design with the center extract performs the worst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small hydropower impacts on water quality: A comparative analysis of different assessment methods","authors":"Paweł Tomczyk ,&nbsp;Michał Tymcio ,&nbsp;Alban Kuriqi ,&nbsp;José Maria Santos ,&nbsp;Mirosław Wiatkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of physico-chemical parameters at selected small run-of-river hydropower plants along a 126 km section of the Bóbr River in southwestern Poland. The main contribution of this study lies in comparing different water quality classification methods from different regions worldwide. Our results show that the spatio-temporal changes in physico-chemical parameters in the studied section of the Bóbr River are, to a larger extent, due to anthropogenic pressures (i.e., urbanization and agriculture) unrelated to the operation of hydropower plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the statistical significance (p &lt; 0.05) of the results for 8 (i.e., EC, temperature, pH, DO, NO₂-N, TDS, NH₄-N, and COD) out of 16 physicochemical parameters. Hierarchical cluster analysis also showed a greater influence of factors other than hydropower plants on water quality. The average compliance with the standards based on the selected water quality classifications was 76.9%. The Polish classification proved to be the most appropriate classification for assessing the status of physico-chemical elements of the Bóbr River. The findings from this study can be used for various applications, e.g., formulating strategies for sustainable water management in hydropower plant catchment areas, planning new hydropower plants, and developing operating regulations for existing plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing trickling filter Systems: Comparative analysis of integrated municipal wastewater treatment configurations within a biorefinery framework","authors":"Behnam Askari Lasaki,&nbsp;Peter Maurer,&nbsp;Harald Schönberger","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the integration of trickling filter (TF) with various configurations, such as primary settling tanks (PST), microscreening (MS), and ion exchange (IE), is a valuable research endeavor. Most studies in the area of municipal wastewater treatment have researched components like PSTs and TFs individually. However, looking carefully through the literature reveals a limited comprehensive study focused on configurations like PST+TF, PST + MS + TF, or PST + MS + IE + TF. Given this gap, a pilot-scale study consisting of the two mentioned configurations along with the PST + TF system was set up at the water and wastewater research center of the University of Stuttgart, Germany, considering the worst-case scenario for temperature conditions and monitored intermittently over two years. The study was conducted under three different scenarios based on different biological loads, ranging from very high Organic and Nitrogen Loading Rate (OLR and NLR, respectively); S1 (OLR = 3.7 kg TCOD m⁻³ d⁻¹, NLR = 2.4 g NH₄⁺-N m⁻² d⁻¹), S2 (OLR = 3.0 kg TCOD m⁻³ d⁻¹, NLR = 1.4 g NH₄⁺-N m⁻² d⁻¹), down to very deficit, S3 (OLR = 1.5 kg TCOD m⁻³ d⁻¹, NLR = 0.5 g NH₄⁺-N m⁻² d⁻¹). Since the defined integrated system consists of energy and cost-effective methods like MS, IE, and TF, it can help to promote a biorefinery with sustainable process performance, particularly in terms of water reuse and resource recovery pathways. The results showed significant reductions in soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), with SCOD removal efficiencies of 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % for S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Nitrogenous pollutant removal demonstrated enhanced nitrification at lower OLRs, with ammonium removal efficiencies of 20 %, 60 %, and 80 % across scenarios. Organic micropollutants (MPs) removal was also assessed under different scenarios, with results indicating that a maximum removal efficiency of 40 % is achievable under S3 (low-loaded scenario), as determined using SAK₂₅₄ (adsorption coefficient at a wavelength of 254 nm). These results demonstrate the TF system's capacity to effectively remove pollutants under even deficit loading conditions, making it an ideal choice for integrating energy-efficient technologies, such as MS and IE, for sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of contaminants from liquid after the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge using a combination of membrane techniques and struvite precipitation","authors":"Klaudia Szkadłubowicz ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Urbanowska ,&nbsp;Maciej Śliz ,&nbsp;Izabela Kalemba-Rec ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Wilk","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-processing liquid (HTCL), generated from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge, is a highly organic by-product and one of the primary challenges of this technology. To enable its sustainable treatment, a combination of membrane techniques and nutrient recovery via struvite precipitation was applied. Accordingly, the performance of HTCL as well as the liquid resulting from the struvite precipitation (HTCLS) has been investigated in conjunction with the use of ceramic and polymeric membranes. Three types of ceramic membranes and eleven polymeric membranes were tested in consideration of permeate properties and specific membrane characteristics. In addition, the influence of struvite precipitation on the properties of the membrane and resulting permeates were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>demonstrated that permeate properties vary significantly among membrane types. Generally, for HTCL, the NPO30P membrane provided the most effective filtration, achieving a reduction of 24.4 % in NH₄⁺ and 22 % in nitrogen compounds. In the case of HTCLS, the PES 5 kDa membrane resulted in the highest contaminant reduction, for example decreasing NH₄⁺ levels by 68.8 % and nitrogen compounds by 52 %. Permeate physical and chemical characteristics, such as pH, conductivity and COD, also differed significantly between HTCL and HTCSL processes. For instance, COD values for HTCL ranged from 27390 to 12100 mg/L, while for HTCSL permeates, it was 26480 to 11210 mg/L, indicating a lower level of organic contaminants following struvite precipitation. Membrane fouling occurred more rapidly during HTCL filtration compared to HTCSL, with an increase in membrane relative permeability of 9–74 % observed for HTCLS compared to HTCL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grey water footprint of stone-cutting and processing industry","authors":"MohammadMehdi Fowzi,&nbsp;Keivan Arastou,&nbsp;Shervin Jamshidi","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grey water footprint (GWF) indicates the equivalent freshwater volume required for assimilating the pollution load discharged from a production. This study evaluated the GWF of stone cutting and processing (SCP) industry by analyzing multiple hazardous pollutants in wastewater directly. Here, the contaminants were bisphenol-A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and cresols. Samples were collected separately from the effluent of three large factories at a specialized SCP industrial park, located at Isfahan province, central Iran. These factories use typical processes for cutting and polishing raw marble and travertine derived from three different mines. Results revealed that BPA was the critical pollutant for GWF assessment in all factories as its concentration reached about 2.3 mg/l due to resin application. Yet, the pollutants concentrations were not significantly different among the three effluents. The GWF ranged between 674.9 m³/ton (marble) and 597.9 m³/ton (travertine) with an average of 638.1 m³/ton. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for BPA was also 936 ± 17. Therefore, optimizing epoxy resin application and controlling its discharge can simultaneously reduce the GWF and associated environmental risks. Future research should focus on developing efficient treatment strategies to mitigate the impacts of hazardous pollutants in SCP wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab-scale experiments with a monovalent ion selective membrane capacitive deionization for nitrate removal","authors":"Hanna Rosentreter ,&nbsp;Maja Moch ,&nbsp;David Schödel ,&nbsp;Michael Jeske ,&nbsp;Tim Oddoy ,&nbsp;Jochen Meier-Haack ,&nbsp;Amit N. Shocron ,&nbsp;André Lerch","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater with high nitrate concentrations requires treatment before potable use. Conventional treatment methods such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis can be used for desalination of most solutes. In contrast, a monovalent selective membrane capacitive deionization (mMCDI) can be used for selective nitrate removal. We use a nanofiltration membrane and anion exchange membranes with an additional neutral layer (AEM-Neutral) or a polyamide layer (AEM-PA) for selective nitrate removal with mMCDI by using a solution of mixed monovalent and polyvalent ions. Monovalent ion selectivity in short-term experiments is up to 17.3 with a nanofiltration membrane, up to 1.7 for AEM-Neutral and up to 5.2 for AEM-PA, whereby the specific energy consumption and water recovery depends on cell structure, applied electric voltage, flow rate and desorption time. Selective nitrate removal with AEM-PA or AEM-Neutral at 0.8 V demonstrated a specific energy consumption of 2 Wh g⁻¹ removed nitrate, lower than pressure-driven membrane processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping sewage treatment plants for wastewater reclamation and reuse in industrial parks of Peninsular Malaysia: A path towards water security","authors":"Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai ,&nbsp;Khai Ern Lee ,&nbsp;Noor Zarina Mohd Nazir ,&nbsp;Ainul Rasyidah Ab Rahim ,&nbsp;Thian Lai Goh ,&nbsp;Mazlin Mokhtar ,&nbsp;Wan Abd Rahim Wan Abdullah ,&nbsp;Huzaini Husain ,&nbsp;Raja Baharudin Raja Mamat","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have significantly increased global wastewater generation, particularly in industrial parks. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) near these parks are crucial for promoting sustainable practices. Instead of discharging treated wastewater, reclaiming and reusing it can minimise the water footprint. However, there has been insufficient evaluation of wastewater reclamation potential within existing STPs. This study integrates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with spatial analysis to assess the suitability of STPs for wastewater reclamation and reuse in Peninsular Malaysia's industrial parks. Factors considered include STP design capacity, wastewater quality, proximity to industries, non-domestic water tariffs and geographical features. AHP analysis assigned weights to these factors, achieving a consistency ratio of less than 0.10. The resulting suitability map categorises STPs into five levels, showing that 64 % of the land area and 40.5 % or 2922 of STPs have very low reclamation potential due to inadequate wastewater management infrastructure. In contrast, only 0.1 % of the land and 0.2 % or 17 of STPs out of approximately 7208 STPs exhibit high reclamation potential. A holistic approach is essential to evaluate multiple factors, enabling operators to identify suitable STPs for reclamation and ensuring regional water security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of response surface methodology in optimizing MOF5@Fe3O4 catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate in the degradation of reactive black 5 dye","authors":"Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh ,&nbsp;Najmeh Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Davoud Balarak","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) were loaded onto metal-organic framework (MOF-5) as an activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the decomposition of the dye reactive black 5 (RB5). Modeling and optimization of operational parameters were performed using response surface methodology coupled with central composite design (RSM-CCD). The maximum removal efficiency of RB5 was predicted under laboratory conditions, including pH of 11, catalyst dosage of 1 g/L, RB5 concentration of 10 mg/L, temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 60 min. High values of confidence coefficient (R²) and F-value indicated that the present model could explain most of the data and could also be used to predict efficiency within a design space. Also, the adsorption capacity was equal to 99.2 mg/g. The efficiency of the MOF-5@Fe₃O₄/PMS system in removing RB5 was higher than that of standalone systems such as adsorption and PMS. Stability tests revealed that the synthesized catalyst could be reused for six consecutive reaction cycles with a negligible decline in dye removal efficiency (&lt;4.3 %) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (&lt;5.50 %). Trapping experiments using ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol scavengers confirmed the presence of sulfate (SO₄^•-) and hydroxyl (^•OH) radicals in dye decomposition. The removal efficiency of COD and the BOD₅/COD ratio improved with increasing catalytic time, reaching 87.93 % and 0.84, respectively, at 120 min. The LC₅₀ value of untreated and treated RB5 solutions was examined using <em>Daphnia magna</em>, and findings showed an increase in the LC₅₀ value of the treated solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}