E A Pashkov, D A Shikvin, G A Pashkov, F G Nagieva, E A Bogdanova, A S Bykov, E P Pashkov, O A Svitich, V V Zverev
{"title":"Assessment of the preventive effect of knockdown of cellular genes <i>NXF1</i>, PRPS1<i>PRPS1</i> and <i>NAA10</i> in influenza infection in an <i>in vitro</i> model.","authors":"E A Pashkov, D A Shikvin, G A Pashkov, F G Nagieva, E A Bogdanova, A S Bykov, E P Pashkov, O A Svitich, V V Zverev","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infectious disease caused by the influenza viruses. Current preventive and therapeutic approaches are of great anti-epidemic importance, but there are a number of problems, such as the rapid emergence of resistant strains, the lack of cross-immunity and the effectiveness of vaccines. One of the approaches to the development of anti-influenza agents is the use of RNA interference and small interfering RNAs complementary to the mRNA target of viral and cellular genes. Aim ‒ to evaluate the prophylactic anti-influenza effect of siRNAs directed to the cellular genes <i>NXF1</i>, <i>PRPS1</i> and <i>NAA10</i> in an <i>in vitro</i> model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antigenic variants of influenza A virus: A/California/7/09 (H1N1), A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1); cell cultures A549 and MDCK. The study was performed using molecular genetic (transfection, NC isolation, RT-PCR-RV) and virological (cell culture infection, titration by visual CPE, viral titer assessment using the Ramakrishnan method) methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was shown that siRNAs targeting the cellular genes <i>NXF1</i>, <i>PRPS1</i> and <i>NAA10,</i> when used prophylactically in cell culture at a concentration of 0.25 μg per well, during infection with influenza virus strains A/California/7/09 (H1N1), A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1) at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, reduced viral replication to a level of 220 TCID<sub>50</sub> per 1 ml of cell medium, whereas in control untreated cells the viral yield was ~106 TCID<sub>50</sub> per 1 ml of medium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reproduction of influenza A viruses directly depends on the protein products of the <i>NXF1</i>, <i>PRPS1</i>, and <i>NAA10</i> genes. Reduced expression of these genes disrupts the life cycle and activity of influenza viruses. Such an approach can potentially be studied and used for closely and distantly related representatives of other virus families.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M A Stepanyuk, S S Legostaev, K V Karelina, N F Timofeeva, K F Emtsova, O V Ohlopkova, O S Taranov, V A Ternovoi, A V Protopopov, V B Loktev, V A Svyatchenko, A P Agafonov
{"title":"Detection and characterization of the Dezidougou virus (genus Negevirus) in mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus caspius) collected in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).","authors":"M A Stepanyuk, S S Legostaev, K V Karelina, N F Timofeeva, K F Emtsova, O V Ohlopkova, O S Taranov, V A Ternovoi, A V Protopopov, V B Loktev, V A Svyatchenko, A P Agafonov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Monitoring and research on arthropod-borne microorganisms is important. Recently, with the development of next-generation sequencing methods, many previously unknown viruses have been identified in insects.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes sampled in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), followed by the study of a new for Russia negevirus isolated from mosquitoes of the species <i>Ochlerotatus caspius</i>, including determination of its complete nucleotide sequence, phylogenetic and virological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Dezidougou virus isolation was performed on C6/36 (<i>Aedes albopictus</i>) cell culture. Electron microscopy was performed using a JEM 1400 electron microscope. Nucleotide sequence screening was performed by NGS on a high-throughput sequencer MiSeq, Illumina (USA). Full genome nucleotide sequence was determined by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using GenBank database, using Vector NTI Advance 11 and MEGA 11 programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The virus isolated from mosquitoes replicated efficiently in C6/36 cells, causing their death. However, it did not replicate in the mammalian cell cultures used. The isolated virus did not cause pathologic manifestations in suckling mice when infected intracerebrally. Electron microscopic examination of the purified virus-containing suspension showed the presence of spherical viral particles with a diameter of 45‒55 nm. The results of full genome sequencing identified it as belonging to Dezidougou virus, first isolated in Côte d'Ivoire. The nucleotide sequence of the genome of Yakutsk 2023 strain of Dezidougou virus was deposited in GenBank (PP975071.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dezidougou virus of genus Negevirus was isolated and characterized for the first time in the Russian Federation. Further studies on the prevalence of negeviruses, their virological features, potential importance for public health and their impact on vector competence of vectors are important and promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P A Semizhon, E P Scheslenok, N A Dubkov, E A Sukhotskaya, K A Stolbunova, I V Popov, I V Popov, A Y Alekseev, E Kabwe, Y N Davidyuk
{"title":"[Identification of orthohantaviruses detected for the first time in the Republic of Belarus].","authors":"P A Semizhon, E P Scheslenok, N A Dubkov, E A Sukhotskaya, K A Stolbunova, I V Popov, I V Popov, A Y Alekseev, E Kabwe, Y N Davidyuk","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Monitoring of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) pathogens in the Republic of Belarus is necessary and relevant, since the number of HFRS cases in the population has increased in recent years, and genetic characteristics of the pathogens remain unidentified.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>Identification of orthohantaviruses circulating in the territory of the Republic of Belarus and defining of their genetic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Screening of 613 samples from small mammals caught in the territory of the Republic of Belarus was carried out by the real time PCR method using the test system «Belar-GLPS-PCR/RV». Positive samples were sequenced by the Sanger method. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the MegAlign programs from the Lasergene package (DNASTAR, USA) and MEGA 11.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary screening yielded 32 PCR-positive samples (5.2%), of which 24 belonged to Puumala virus (PUUV) and 8 to Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV). Three nucleotide sequences of the M-segment region of PUUV, two sequences of the 291-base pair (bp) M-segment region and one sequence of the 348-bp S-segment region of DOBV were sequenced. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis showed that the identified PUUV sequences belong to the Russian genetic lineage, to the same sublineage as the strains common in the Moscow and Kursk regions. The identified DOBV ssequences demonstrated the closest relationship to the strains from the central region of the European part of Russia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of molecular biological analysis showed that PUUV circulates in the territory of the Republic of Belarus and is widespread. At the same time, DOBV was detected in four regions of the republic, which indicates an expansion of the range of this HFRS pathogen. In the Republic of Belarus, nucleotide sequences of orthohantaviruses were obtained for the first time and their molecular genetic analysis was carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evaluation of the possibility of the estimation the amount of hemagglutininin in the final lots of inactivated adjuvanted influenza vaccines.","authors":"A Y Butirskiy, E N Morozova, K A Sarkisyan","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The main quality indicator for inactivated influenza vaccines is their potency (the amount of hemagglutinin). The potency test for the influenza vaccine with the SOVIDON adjuvant is carried out in a trivalent bulk vaccine before the addition of the adjuvant. This approach has its fair share of drawbacks. The analysis of the statistical process control and stability by control charts plays an important role in the release of influenza vaccines. The aim of the study is to compare the results of hemagglutinin quanitation in the trivalent bulk vaccine and in the final lots of influenza vaccine with SOVIDON adjuvant; as well as the analysis of the potency test results to evaluate the statistical process control.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study covered the inactivated influenza vaccine with the SOVIDON adjuvant. Both the trivalent bulks vaccine before the addition of the adjuvant and the final lots were investigated by single radial immunodiffusion assay. The software SIAMS Photolab was used to calculate the amount of hemagglutinin. Microsoft Excel was used to create the control charts using the data of the manufacturer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data of the study confirm the absence of statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of the content of hemagglutinin in the trivalent bulks and the final lots of the influenza vaccine. The analysis of control charts showed the presence of out-of-control signals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study has shown the possibility and feasibility of the potency testing of the influenza vaccine with the SOVIDON adjuvant. The presence of out-of-control signals on the control charts is the basis for the identification of the reasons behind the changes and for the analysis of risks of the release of a defective influenza vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retrospective analysis and forecasting of the spread of viruses in real time: the case of COVID-19 in St. Petersburg and Moscow in 2020-2021.","authors":"V V Zakharov, Y E Balykina","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-265","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to apply mathematical methods to generate forecasts of the dynamics of random values of the percentage increase in the total number of infected people and the percentage increase in the total number of recovered and deceased patients. The obtained forecasts are used for retrospective forecasting of COVID-19 epidemic process dynamics in St. Petersburg and in Moscow. Materials and methods. When conducting a retrospective analysis and forecasting the dynamics of the total number of cases and the dynamics of the total number of patients who have either died or recovered, the values of percentage increases in these indicators were used. Retrospective analysis and forecasting of the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic process were carried out over 14-day time intervals, starting from March 25, 2020 to January 20, 2021, using the time series forecasting method proposed by the authors. Results and discussion. The retrospective two-week forecasts of the total number of cases and the number of active cases presented in the paper demonstrated a high accuracy performance, both in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) for the total number of cases at the peaks of incidence, generally, did not exceed 1%. It is shown that the accuracy of the obtained retrospective forecasts of the total number of cases in St. Petersburg, built starting from May 2020, has increased significantly compared to the April forecasts. A similar conclusion can be made regarding the forecasts of the total number of cases in Moscow in April and May 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"500-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endothelial activation and dysfunction caused by influenza A virus (<i>Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae</i>).","authors":"V A Marchenko, I N Zhilinskaya","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-264","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Annual epidemics of influenza result in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and more than 600 000 deaths. Severe forms of influenza are usually characterized by vascular endothelial cells damage. Thus, influenza A viruses, including subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), as well as highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, can infect the vascular endothelium, leading to activation and subsequent dysfunction of these cells. In turn, endothelial dysfunction resulting in systemic morphofunctional changes of endothelial cells, which leads to impaired vascular tone, thrombosis and other complications, and is also a risk factor and profoundly implicated in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Thus, endothelial dysfunction is an important aspect of the pathogenesis of severe influenza, which must be considered in the pathogenetic therapy of this infectious disease. The aim of the review is to analyze the causes and specify mechanisms of development of endothelial activation and dysfunction caused by influenza A virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"465-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z S Tyulko, A V Fadeev, A G Vasilenko, E A Gradoboeva, V V Yakimenko, A B Komissarov
{"title":"[Analysis of changes in the genome of the Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (Flaviviridae: <i>Orthoflavivirus</i>) during laboratory practices for virus preservation].","authors":"Z S Tyulko, A V Fadeev, A G Vasilenko, E A Gradoboeva, V V Yakimenko, A B Komissarov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-266","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF) is a severe disease identified in the 1940s in Western Siberia, Russia. Disease is caused by the OHF virus, which belongs to the genus <i>Orthoflavivirus</i>. The purpose of the work. Analysis of changes in the genome associated with the isolation of OHF virus strains in laboratory animals (<i>Mus musculus</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Whole-genome nucleotide sequences of OHF virus strains from the working collection of the laboratory of arboviral infections of the department of natural focal viral infections of the Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections of Rospotrebnadzor were used in the study, as well as sequences from GenBank. Assessment of adaptive changes in the genome of the OHF virus was carried out using discriminant analysis methods, analyzing the composition and localization of emerging substitutions in viral RNA sequences obtained during the adaptation of viruses to the mouse organism as a result of passaging. Linked nucleotide substitutions were identified by calculating the mutual information for each pair of columns in the array of aligned nucleotide sequences. In the phylogenetic analysis, the relaxed clock algorithm of the BEAST program was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It has been shown that point substitutions during adaptation of OHF viruses to the mouse organism occur in all parts of the genome. Many of these substitutions are included in the pattern of linked substitutions identified in the genome of the OHF virus. Discriminant analysis of differences in nucleotide substitutions for groups combining sequences by the number of passages does not allow reliable discrimination between original sequences obtained from muskrat and sequences from first passages, but it recognizes well sequences from 7 or more passages, which suggests the possibility of adaptive selection of nucleotide substitutions when interacting with the body of a white mouse. Calculation of the average rate of substitutions per site per year without taking into account the occurrence of adaptive and related substitutions gives a value of 10<sup>-5</sup>, which is almost an order of magnitude different from the result when their presence is taken into account ‒ 10<sup>-4</sup>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in the nucleotide sequences of OHF that occur during laboratory virus preservation practices may influence the evolutionary rate values determined when analyzing these sequences and require further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"509-523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S V Lenshin, T V Vishnevskaya, A V Romashin, Y I Bulycheva, O I Vyshemirsky, S A Solovyeva, A K Gitelman, A S Pazilin, D K Lvov, B Hu, Z Shi, S V Alkhovsky
{"title":"Identification of a new alphacoronavirus (Coronaviridae: <i>Alphacoronavirus</i>) associated with the greater horseshoe bat (<i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i>) in the south of European part of Russia.","authors":"S V Lenshin, T V Vishnevskaya, A V Romashin, Y I Bulycheva, O I Vyshemirsky, S A Solovyeva, A K Gitelman, A S Pazilin, D K Lvov, B Hu, Z Shi, S V Alkhovsky","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-279","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bats are recognized as primary natural reservoirs for alpha- and betacoronaviruses. The interspecies transmission of bat coronaviruses to other mammalian hosts, including livestock and humans, can lead to epidemics, epizootics, and global pandemics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to describe coronaviruses associated with horseshoe bats (<i>Rhinolophus</i> spp.) in the southern regions of the European part of Russia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from bats inhabiting caves on the southern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus (Sochi-Adler region) during 2020, 2021, and 2024. Viral genomes were detected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing (NGS) and RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A novel alphacoronavirus, designated Kudep virus (GenBank acc. # PQ649435), was identified in <i>R. ferrumequinum</i>. Presumably the Kudep virus represents a novel species within the subgenus <i>Decacovirus</i> of the genus <i>Alphacoronavirus. </i>The virus Showed 72% nucleotide identity to a Cardioderma bat coronavirus from Kenya and up to 67% nucleotide identity to the YN2012 virus group found in horseshoe bats in China. RT-PCR screening revealed active circulation of both Kudep virus and the previously described SARS-like betacoronavirus Khosta-1 in the study area. Infection rates in a single <i>R. ferrumequinum</i> colony during autumn 2021 reached 59.2% and 70.5% for Kudep and Khosta-1, respectively. Frequent co-infections with both viruses were observed in individual bats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings expand the understanding of the distribution of bat alphacoronaviruses and their genetic diversity. We demonstrate the presence of a persistent natural foci of two potentially zoonotic bat coronaviruses, ecologically associated with <i>R. ferrumequinum</i> in the southern European part of Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"546-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K N Trachuk, N B Pestov, Y K Biryukova, N M Kolyasnikova
{"title":"[The impact of innate immune response on the efficacy of oncolytic viruses].","authors":"K N Trachuk, N B Pestov, Y K Biryukova, N M Kolyasnikova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-275","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncolytic viruses represent a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant tumors. The proposed mechanism of action of various oncolytic viruses has initially been explained by the ability of such viruses to selectively lyse tumor cells without damaging healthy ones. Recently, there have emerged more studies determining the effect of the antiviral immunostimulating mechanisms on the effectiveness of treatment in cancer patients. Stimulation of innate immune cells by an oncolytic virus can initiate an adaptive antitumor immune response, yet at the same time, the antiviral mechanisms of the immune system can limit the spread of the virus, thereby reducing its effectiveness. Thus, the success of the clinical application of the oncolytic viruses directly depends on the three key components: tumor immunosuppression, antiviral responses, and antitumor immune responses. The review presents current data on the influence of pattern recognition receptors on the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"479-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}