Voprosy virusologii最新文献

{"title":"The Mengla virus (<i>Filoviridae: Dianlovirus</i>).","authors":"T E Sizikova, V N Lebedev, S V Borisevich","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-356","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Filoviruses associated with various species of pteropodid bats (<i>Chiroptera: Pteropodidae</i>) are traditionally regarded as potential causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers with epidemic potential. The known agents of Ebola and Marburg fevers periodically cause sporadic cases and epidemic outbreaks in African countries. Recent discoveries of novel filoviruses associated with pteropodid bats in South and Southeast Asia highlight the necessity to investigate their genetic diversity and pathogenic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and pathogenic potential of new filoviruses associated with bats, based on literature data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review is based on an analysis of published literature describing the detection and molecular characterization of novel filoviruses identified in different geographic regions, with a particular focus on filoviruses associated with pteropodid bats in South and Southeast Asia. The analyzed studies include data on virus discovery, genome organization, taxonomic classification, and experimental assessment of biological properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several novel filoviruses have been identified by metagenomic RNA sequencing of tissues from pteropodid bats captured in South and Southeast Asia. Among them, Mengla virus was detected in tissues of pteropodid bats (<i>Rousettus </i>spp.) captured in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. Owing to a high level of genetic divergence, Mengla virus was classified as a representative of a new genus, <i>Dianlovirus</i>, within the family <i>Filoviridae</i>. Although a live isolate of Mengla virus has not yet been obtained, experimental studies using chimeric minigenome systems and virus-like particles suggest that the virus may exhibit tropism for tissues of various vertebrate hosts, including humans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Members of the family <i>Filoviridae </i>are widely distributed within the geographic range of their natural reservoir-pteropodid bats-across South and Southeast Asia, including viruses evolutionarily related to Ebola and Marburg viruses. Although human disease caused by Mengla virus and other recently discovered filoviruses has not been documented, the potential for cross-species transmission and the emergence of novel filovirus infections in endemic regions remains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphisms in the <i>LMP1</i> gene in patients with gastric cancer associated with Epstein-Barr virus (<i>Orthoherpesviridae: Gammaherpesvirinae: Lymphocryptovirus: Lymphocryptovirus humangamma 4</i>).","authors":"A S Vasilyeva, A A Margusheva, A D Molchanov, A A Rtishchev, B S Cherepovich, V A Domanskaya, V E Gurtsevich, K V Smirnova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-359","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread gamma-herpesvirus associated with a number of malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer (GC/EBV+). The primary oncogenic protein of EBV is latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Genetic variability of the LMP1 protein affects its oncogenic activity and clinical manifestations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the optimal threshold value for EBV viral load, determine the correlation between high viral load and the detection of the <i>LMP1</i> gene in the blood of patients with GC/EBV+, and to identify mutations in the C-terminal domains of the <i>LMP1</i> gene that may affect protein function.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Total DNA was extracted from 227 blood samples of GC patients. The <i>LMP1</i> gene was amplified using nested PCR. EBV DNA viral load in blood samples was analyzed by qPCR, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and interquartile range (IQR) assessment. A selection criterion for positive DNA samples (EBV+) was established based on the mean viral load and ROC threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROC curve analysis and descriptive statistics identified 23 EBV-positive (EBV+) DNA samples, with the following results: AUC (area under the curve) = 0.83, optimal threshold 526.92 copies/reaction, sensitivity 0.69, specificity 0.87, and mean viral load: 513.5 copies/reaction. A statistically significant association was found between detection of the <i>LMP1</i> gene in the blood and viral load level (χ² test <i>p</i> = 0.018; Mann-Whitney U test <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Additionally, synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations were identified in regions of <i>LMP1</i> gene coding the C-terminal activating domains (CTAR1 and CTAR2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the heterogeneous molecular nature of EBV-associated gastric cancer, including genetic mutations in the <i>LMP1</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of pseudotyped viruses based on vesicular stomatitis virus (<i>Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus</i>) in order to study the interaction of viruses with cells.","authors":"N O Akimov, A S Dolgova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-360","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigating the mechanisms of viral attachment and entry into cells is crucial for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to characterize pseudo-typed particles based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a convenient and effective tool for studying viral entry into cells, based on literature data (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), and to determine the prospects for combining this method with genetic and protein-based approaches. VSV, a member of the <i>Rhabdoviridae</i> family, has a remarkable capacity for pseudotyping, which involves the replacement of its native glycoprotein (G) with envelope proteins from other viruses. This feature enables the modeling of the cell entry process without the need for wild-type viruses. The VSV genome is modified by deleting the G gene and incorporating reporter genes (e.g., GFP or luciferase), thereby facilitating the quantitative assessment of infectivity. The methodology for generating pseudoviruses involves a two-plasmid cotransfection system in cell lines (e.g., HEK293T), with plasmids encoding the VSV structural proteins and the target viral envelope proteins. The advantages of the VSV system include high particle titers, rapid reporter signal manifestation, and the feasibility of work under Biosafety Level 2 conditions. However, limitations are associated with differences in the distribution of viral proteins on the surface of pseudoviruses compared to native virions, necessitating additional data validation. Conclusion. Methods for analyzing virus-cell interactions were studied, such as Virus Overlay Protein Binding Assay (VOPBA), RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, and gene overexpression. These approaches allow for the identification of cellular receptors, investigation of specific protein functions, and assessment of the impact of mutations. Future prospects for the application of VSV pseudoviruses include screening viral entry inhibitors, analyzing antibody neutralization, and vaccine development. Despite technical limitations, pseudotyped particles remain an indispensable tool for studying highly pathogenic and fastidious viruses. For the present review, a literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African swine fever virus (<i>Asfarviridae, Asfivirus</i>) strains from the central regions of Russia, carrying variant 5 of the central variable region (CVR), are characterized by tandem duplication in the intergenic region <i>MGF 360-13L - MGF 360-14L</i>.","authors":"D A Skorobagatko, E S Tolkova, O A Shepeleva, S O Shapovalov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-357","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high economic losses and the lack of effective and safe vaccines against African swine fever (ASF) indicate the need for further in-depth studies of the virus genome, its changes and the circulation of genetic lineages. Whole genome sequencing of virus isolates is best suited for this purpose.</p><p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>Whole-genome analysis of African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates obtained in the Lipetsk, Penza and Tambov regions in 2016-2021 and identification of additional diversity markers within the genetic lineage.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Domestic pig tissue samples were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The following programs were used for sequence assembly: CLC Genomics Workbench 22, Trimmomatic v. 0.39, SPAdes v. 4.2.0, BWA-MEM v. 0.7.17-r1188 and bcftools v.1. 22. The phylogenetic tree was constructed in MEGA11 based on the alignment in MAFFT v. 7.526 with 67 genomes from GenBank.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the presence of MGF 360-10L III polymorphism, the analyzed isolates belong to the CVR-V variant of the Russia genetic lineage of the Georgia 2007 clade. Based on the order of formation of MGF 360-10L III and CVR-V, any sequences carrying CVR-V belong to the same genetic lineage. A 12-nucleotide insertion CAGTCTATAAGA was detected, forming a tandem duplication in <i>IGR MGF 360-13L - MGF 360-14L</i>, and polymorphisms in <i>IGR C62L - C962R</i> and in genes <i>D1133L</i> and <i>Q706L</i> were proposed as having phylogenetic potential for differentiation ASFV strains in the central regions of Russia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed new potential diversity markers have a resolving power for ASFV strains from Central Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral potential of combinations of etiotropic antiherpetic agents including LAS-131, a novel terminase complex inhibitor, to affect the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (<i>Orthoherpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Simplexvirus humanalpha1</i>).","authors":"G A Galegov, V L Andronova, O A Vozdvizhenskaya, G L Levit, V N Charushin, V P Krasnov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-336","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes various diseases in humans that can lead to disability and death. Current treatments are effective and relatively safe. However, the high prevalence of HSV, the necessity for long-term therapy associated with the development of drug resistance in the virus (mainly in immunocompromised patients) and severe side effects of second-line drugs complicate treatment. Obviously, there is a necessity to develop therapeutic agents with a new mechanism of action and new ways of influencing herpes infection to improve the effectiveness of therapy. The combined use of drugs with different mechanisms of action is one such approach. The aim of the study is to evaluate the antiviral activity of combinations of LAS-131 ((3S)-4-[6-(purin-6-yl)aminohexanoyl]-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-7,8-difluoro-2<i>H</i>-[1,4]-benzoxazine) with basic antiherpetic drugs and with two new compounds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The effect of LAS-131 combinations against HSV-1 was studied by constructing an isobologram and calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LAS-131 selectively inhibits the reproduction of acyclovir-sensitive and -resistant HSV-1 variants (IC₅₀ is 1.95 μg/mL, selectivity index is 63). Its target protein is the large subunit of the terminase complex (<i>pUL15</i>). When LAS-131 is used in combination with viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (acyclovir and related compounds) or with the minor-groove inhibitor 15Lys-bis-netropsin, a potentiating effect is observed, which allows decreasing the concentrations of the combined compounds by 4 times or more while maintaining antiviral activity. LAS-131 interacted additively with foscarnet, ribavirin, and α-interferon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combinations of LAS-131 with known antiviral agents have been established, providing synergistic and additive effects of interaction against HSV-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of parechoviruses (<i>Picornaviridae: Paavivirinae: Parechovirus: Parechovirus ahumpari</i>) circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2021-2024.","authors":"V V Zverev, S G Selivanova, N V Epifanova, A Y Kashnikov, N V Ponomareva, L N Golitsyna, N A Novikova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-351","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parechoviruses of the <i>Parechovirus ahumpari</i> (PeV-A) species, pathogenic to humans, are widespread and genetically diverse infectious agents. Infections caused by these viruses are characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild intestinal or respiratory diseases to severe CNS lesions. The high-risk group for the disease are newborns and infants. PeV-A species are classified in 19 types that have a varying distribution in different territories. In Russia, the type composition of territorial parechovirus populations has not been sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of monitoring the circulation of these viruses using genotyping. The aim of the study was to identify and investigate the genetic diversity of parechoviruses that circulated in Nizhny Novgorod in the period 2021-2024.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>5,073 stool samples from children hospitalized in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were examined for the presence of human parechoviruses. The detection of parechoviruses was carried out by RT-PCR. Viral types were determined by Sanger sequencing of VP1 genome fragment. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed using MEGA X and Beast v1.8.4 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parechoviruses were detected in children aged 3 months to 17 years with a frequency of 0.06-2.08% in different years, an average of 1.46 ± 0.16%. Viral type has been identified for 52 strains. Six types of PeV-A parechoviruses have been identified. The PeV-A1 was a predominant type (80.4%). Types PeV-A2 to PeV-A6 have been found in isolated cases. Heterogeneity of the PeV-A1 population in Nizhny Novgorod was represented by virus genotypes 1A and 1B, with an absolute predominance of genotype 1B, which included 16 genetic variants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data obtained expand information on the type and genetic diversity of pathogenic for humans parechoviruses circulating among the population of central Russia (based the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region).</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"581-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first identification of <i>Orthohantavirus dobravaense</i>, Kurkino virus (<i>Hantaviridae</i>: <i>Orthohantavirus</i>) in the Volga Federal District.","authors":"T R Nasyrov, P I Elboeva, E V Martynova, O V Okhlopkova, Y A Tyurin, E Kabwe, Y N Davidyuk","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-350","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Kurkino and Sochi viruses of species <i>Orthohantavirus dobravaense</i> (ODOB) are among the pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the European part of Russia. However, the current literature provides limited data on the distribution of genetic variants of the ODOB in Russia. The aim is to identify ODOB in several regions of Volga, Central and Ural Federal districts of the Russian Federation and analyze their genome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Total RNA was isolated from lung tissue samples of striped field mouse (<i>Apodemus agrarius</i>) and yellow-necked mouse (<i>A. flavicollis</i>) captured in a number of areas of the Volga Federal District and neighboring regions in 2015-2023. Orthohantavirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR using specific primers to ODOB. The PCR amplification products were separated in agarose gel, purified, and subjected to Sanger sequencing. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed for the sequenced genome fragments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Orthohantavirus RNA was detected in one sample of <i>A. flavicollis</i> from the Ulyanovsk region. Based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the sequenced PCR products, it was found that the highest values of similarity were obtained when comparing the identified strain with the reference Kurkino virus from the Tula region. The data from the phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced fragment of the S and M segments allowed us to establish that the identified isolate is closely related to the Kurkino virus found earlier in <i>A. agrarius</i> in the Tula region. Thus, the detected isolate was identified as variant of Kurkino virus, which is also widespread in the central regions of Russia, Wetern Siberia and close related to genome variants that are distributed in Central Europian countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is proved for the first time that: 1) the range of <i>Orthohantavirus dobravaense</i> (Kurkino virus) extends to a part of the territory of the Volga Federal District; 2) <i>Orthohantavirus dobravaense </i>(Kurkino virus) and <i>Orthohantavirus puumalaense</i> (Puumala virus) are co-circulating in the Ulyanovsk region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"570-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genotypic diversity of the varicella-zoster virus (<i>Herpesviridae: Varicellovirus</i>) and human gene variants as risk factors for severe disease].","authors":"P V Cherkasova, A A Igolkina, A V Vasilkova, O S Glotov, O V Goleva","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-342","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe disease progression, including secondary bacterial infections and sepsis, can occur both during initial infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. This remains a fairly common problem. However, in most cases, the disease proceeds without complications. In Russia and abroad, varicella is among the most common infectious causes of central nervous system involvement. The most frequent serious complications are skin lesions and associated bacterial infections. The exact causes of these conditions are still not fully understood. Therefore, there is ongoing debate about the possible role of certain viral clades or genetic polymorphisms in patients. This review describes inter-clade differences among viral genotypes, their origins, ability to recombine, clinical cases of infection caused by representatives of different clades, data on their circulation, mechanisms of immune evasion and human candidate genes potentially associated with VZV-related complications. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, and the eLIBRARY.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"508-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (<i>Orthoherpesviridae: Varicellovirus</i>).","authors":"A V Pchelnikov, A G Yuzhakov, I A Makhova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-346","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Differentiation of vaccine strains and field isolates of bovine type 1 herpesvirus <i>Varicellovirus bovinealpha1</i> is an urgent task to improve the quality of diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). There are several approaches to solve this problem. The most successful methods are those proposed by R.W. Fulton and S.K. Chothe in 2013 and 2018, respectively. The aim of the study is to test the methods proposed by R.W. Fulton and S.K. Chothe to study the possibility of their optimization and implementation in routine laboratory diagnostics of IBR in Russia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>4 vaccine strains and 6 field isolates of the IBR virus were studied using PCR-based algorithms by R.W. Fulton and S.K. Chothe to determine the presence of single nucleotide substitutions at 11 control points of the virus genome in comparison with the nucleotide sequence of the reference strain Cooper JX898220.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both methods confirmed that the domestic strains of the IBR virus used for the production of inactivated vaccines originate from field isolates of the virus. Both the reference and modern epizootic isolates obtained by us and our colleagues at different times in Russia are epizootic strains that have no direct connection with the large-scale use of foreign vaccines, including live ones, both among our own indigenous livestock and among animals imported from abroad. None of the methods we tested allows us to distinguish between <i>Varicellovirus bovinealpha1</i> and <i>Varicellovirus bovinealpha5</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The methods proposed by R.W. Fulton (2013) and S.K. Chothe (2018) can be used to differentiate vaccine strains and field isolates of IBR virus only after our recommended preliminary differentiation of BoHV of types 1 and 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"551-558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bloodborne infections in dental practice: prevalence of markers and phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains.","authors":"Y V Ostankova, E N Serikova, A N Schemelev, E V Anufrieva, E B Zueva, O S Kreidik, M B Kusevitskaya, L Y Kusevitskiy, A A Totolian","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-339","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses remain among the most dangerous bloodborne pathogens, posing a significant global public health threat. The aim of our work was to assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV markers among dental patients and provide a molecular genetic characterization of the identified pathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 497 plasma samples from individuals who sought dental care in St. Petersburg for serological and molecular markers of target infections. Viral genome fragments were sequenced and analyzed when molecular markers were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-HCV were detected in 3.8% (19/497) of participants, with HCV RNA in 1% (5/497). HIV Ag/Ab was found in 1.2% (6/497), with two cases (0.4%, 2/497) confirmed by immunoblot; no HIV RNA was detected. HBsAg prevalence was 2.4% (12/497), with anti-HBs in 32.0% (159/497) and anti-HBc in 25.6% (127/497) of participants. Significant age-related trends were observed: anti-HBs predominated in younger groups while anti-HBc was more frequent in older individuals. HBV DNA was detected in 3.8% (19/497) of cases, including 1.8% (9/497) HBsAg-negative infections. Predominant in the Russian Federation viral genotypes were identified (HCV: 1b, 2a, 3a; HBV: D1, D2, D3). One HCV isolate carried mutations associated with resistance to dasabuvir, sofosbuvir, and voxilaprevir. Multiple HBV isolates harbored concurrent mutations causing diagnostic escape (HBsAg-negative variants), reduced vaccine efficacy, viral reactivation, and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study reveals high viral hepatitis prevalence among dental patients. Detection of drug-resistant HCV variants and immune-evading HBV strains underscores the need for enhanced molecular surveillance, improved diagnostic protocols, and strengthened infection control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"536-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}