Veterinary Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for complications associated with canine hepatic mass resection: A study of 96 cases.","authors":"Ryusei Konno, Yasuyuki Kaneko, Tatsuyuki Osuga, Shidow Torisu, Shushi Yamamoto, Ryota Okadera, Kiyokazu Naganobu","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify pre- and intraoperative risk factors for complications occurring within 2 weeks following hepatic mass resection in dogs.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 96 client-owned dogs that underwent hepatic mass resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The evaluated preoperative variables were the signalment, clinical signs, presence of underlying diseases, blood test results (e.g., hematocrit), and computed tomography (CT) findings (mass location, maximum diameter, mass volume, and distance between the mass and the caudal vena cava [CVC]). The evaluated intraoperative variables were the surgical time, procedure details (e.g., surgical techniques), presence of intraoperative hypotension and hypoxemia, and blood transfusion. Comparisons were made between dogs with severe postoperative complications (including mortality) and those with mild or moderate complications. Univariable logistic regression was performed, and significant variables were used to construct multivariable models by combining them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Severe postoperative complications were observed in 17 dogs (17.7%), including six deaths (6.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified the presence of underlying diseases (OR: 2.703; p = .007), corrected distance from the mass to the CVC (OR: 0.666 per 0.1 cm/kg increase; p = .017), and intraoperative hypotension (OR: 3.589; p = .019) as risk factors for severe postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among preoperative variables, both the presence of underlying diseases and the corrected distance from the mass to the CVC were associated with severe postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Preoperative CT evaluation of the distance between the hepatic mass and the CVC, along with screening for underlying diseases, may contribute to improve the prediction of surgical risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenoscopically guided proximal digital annular ligament desmotomy for the treatment of proximal digital annular ligament desmitis.","authors":"Andrew D Wood, Russell A Parker","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a tenoscopically guided technique for desmotomy of the proximal digital annular ligament (PDAL).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Ex vivo study and clinical case series.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 10 normal cadaver equine hindlimbs and five clinical cases of PDAL desmitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) was approached via a lateral basisesamoid portal and a palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) desmotomy was performed to improve maneuverability in the DFTS. Additional proximolateral and distal midline instrument portals were created to facilitate transection of the proximolateral attachment, the distal body and proximal body of the PDAL under tenoscopic guidance. Cadaver limbs were dissected to assess completeness of the PDAL desmotomy and iatrogenic damage. Follow up of clinical cases was obtained via telephone conversations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proximolateral attachment and distal body of the PDAL were fully transected in each cadaver. The proximal body of the PDAL was never completely transected in cadaver limbs. Iatrogenic damage to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) occurred in four cadaver limbs. Four clinical cases were sound and returned to their previous levels of exercise following surgery. The final horse showed immediate improvement but was euthanized due to synovial sepsis 3 weeks postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are limitations of tenoscopically guided PDAL desmotomy in the cadaver model but the technique was transferrable to clinical cases of PDAL desmitis with a good prognosis for a return to soundness.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>PDAL desmitis when diagnosed should be considered a significant finding and PDAL desmotomy provides a viable treatment option for these cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the Endo GIA^TM stapler for lung lobectomy in dogs and cats undergoing open thoracic procedures (intercostal, transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy or median sternotomy): A retrospective study of 46 lung lobectomies.","authors":"Courtney T Weaver, Laura A Barbur","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe Endo GIA stapler use in open approach lung lobectomies. Endo GIA stapler use for open approach lung lobectomies has been validated in cadaveric studies; however, current veterinary literature lacks in vivo studies.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>A total of 33 dogs and four cats (37 cases, 46 lung lobectomies).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records from November 2019 to September 2024 at a single institution were reviewed. Dogs and cats that underwent lung lobectomy via thoracotomy (intercostal, transdiaphragmatic) or median sternotomy using Endo GIA staplers were included. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were collected. Complications were assessed using the Cook Complication Grading System. Complication rate was analyzed to demonstrate use of Endo GIA staplers in open thoracic procedures. Cases included had a 14-day follow-up at minimum or at death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 lung lobectomies (37 cases) were performed using an Endo GIA stapler via open thoracic procedures. No intraoperative complications were noted in 38/46 (82.6%) lung lobectomies. Minor intraoperative complications occurred in 8/46 (17.4%) lobectomies. No major complications occurred. Catastrophic complications occurred in 4/37 (10.8%) cases (4/46 [8.7%] lung lobectomies) postoperatively, likely due to comorbidities. Cases that reached 14-day follow-up, despite one minor postoperative complication of seroma formation, had no complications (32/33, 97%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endo GIA stapler use for open approach lung lobectomies proved to be a valid procedure with minimal complications. The unique properties of the Endo GIA stapler offered an alternative to traditionally used staplers for lung lobectomy.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Endo GIA staplers can be used for open approach lung lobectomy as a beneficial alternative with minimal complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive, biceps brachii tenotomy in a standing horse.","authors":"Guilherme F Marques, Valerie J Moorman, Katie L Ellis, Michael Perlini, Veronica L Edwards","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the long-term outcome of a horse that underwent a standing, ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive, biceps brachii tenotomy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Animal: </strong>A 17-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The horse had a chronic, severe, lameness localized to the left shoulder region. Diagnostic imaging revealed fractures of the intermediate and lesser tubercles of the left humerus, biceps brachii (BB) tendinopathy, and bicipital bursitis. Conservative management was attempted, but lack of improvement prompted surgical intervention. An ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive, BB tenotomy was performed under standing sedation and local anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately following the procedure, a substantial improvement in lameness was achieved. Further case management consisted of systemic and local pain management, physiotherapy exercises, and periodic local corticosteroid injections. At 21 months following surgery, the horse remained pasture sound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive, approach for biceps brachii tenotomy was simple to perform and resulted in rapid improvement in lameness. There were no incisional complications and long-term pasture soundness was achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel prosthetic medial meniscus restores contact pressures to native values in a meniscectomized canine stifle.","authors":"Fee M C Fohrmann, Branco S van Minnen, Maximiljan W Krauss, Albert J van der Veen, Marianna A Tryfonidou, Björn P Meij, Tony G van Tienen","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to ascertain whether a prosthetic meniscus adapts pressures to native tibial contact pressures in a canine stifle joint after total medial meniscectomy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Ex vivo biomechanical experimental study.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>Seven cadaveric hindlimbs of seven large-breed dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cadaveric canine stifles were loaded vertically at 135° of flexion. The peak pressure (PP), mean pressure (MP), and contact area (CA) on the medial and lateral tibial plateaus were measured for the intact stifle, after medial meniscectomy and after implantation of the prosthetic meniscus. Comparisons were made between same parameters in varying conditions, but not in varying compartments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean PP and MP increased significantly after medial meniscectomy (6.1 and 2.3 MPa, respectively) relative to those of the native stifle joint (3.5 and 1.0 MPa, respectively), whereas meniscectomy resulted in significantly lower mean CA on the medial tibial plateau (65 mm²) compared to the native stifle joint (170 mm²). The prosthetic meniscus significantly decreased PP to 3.3 MPa and MP to 1.0 MPa and significantly increased CA to 96 mm² relative to the meniscectomized stifle. PP and MP were not statistically different between the native stifle and prosthetic meniscus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prosthetic meniscus significantly restored tibial contact pressures to normal (native) values in the meniscectomized canine stifle.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>A prosthetic meniscus has the potential to restore biomechanical function in the canine stifle with an impaired medial meniscal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of arthroscopy- and fluoroscopy-assisted minimally invasive approaches for acetabular fracture repair in dogs: An ex vivo study.","authors":"Nikolaus Hubertus Huels, Johannes Siedenburg","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and compare arthroscopy-assisted (AA) with fluoroscopy-assisted (FA) minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for simple transverse acetabular fractures.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Ex vivo cadaveric study.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>A total of 10 canine cadavers (>20 kg) without coxofemoral joint disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pelvic computed tomography (CT) images were mirrored and three-dimensional (3D) printed to create models for precontouring 2.7-mm locking compression plates (LCP). Acetabula were randomly assigned to AA or FA MIPO groups and pelvis were prepared for stabilization by standardized osteotomies of the pubic, ischial and acetabular bones. In the AA group, fracture reduction was arthroscopically confirmed, and precontoured plates were applied via small approaches to the ilium and ischium. In the FA group, reduction was guided fluoroscopically. Surgical time, incision length, procedural complications, and feasibility were recorded. Postprocedural CT scans measured fracture gap, step formation, medio-lateral displacement and pelvic angulation. Necropsy assessed iatrogenic injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIPO was successful for all 20 acetabula. Mean procedure time and incision length were not significantly different between groups. Mean fracture gaps and step defects were <1 mm in both groups. Medio-lateral displacement exceeded 1 mm in the FA group (median 1.08 mm) compared to 0.74 mm in the AA group. Low coronal angles (<5°) were consistent across procedures. Sciatic nerve injury occurred in one case per group. Minor superficial cartilage damage was common.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Arthroscopy-assisted MIPO was feasible for simple acetabular fractures, resulting in anatomic (6/10) or near-anatomic (4/10) reductions.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Further studies and clinical experience are necessary before recommending AA as an alternative for open approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of image-guided robotic-assisted drilling for transcondylar screw placement in the canine humerus.","authors":"Joshua T Kershaw, Daniel E Larby, Fulvio Forni, Matthew J Allen","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if a novel robotic system has comparable positional and angular accuracy to that achievable with patient-specific guides (PSG) when used for transcondylar screw (TCS) placement in the canine humerus.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Experimental laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>A total of 32 synthetic humeral models (16 per group).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bone models were three-dimensional (3D)-printed and drilled with the aid of a custom PSG or with the assistance of an image-guided surgical robot. A 2.5-mm hole was drilled medial to lateral and the entry point, exit point and angular trajectory of the drill hole were measured on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. Absolute differences between planned and actual positions and trajectories were compared between PSG and Robot groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the drill holes in this study violated the articular surface of the humerus. Entry point positioning was significantly more accurate in the PSG group, but drill hole trajectories (angulation) were more accurate in the Robot group. Exit point positioning was similar in the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Robotic assistance enables safe placement of drill holes for TCS. PSG enable more accurate drill entry, but robotic assistance allows for more accurate overall drill hole trajectory.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Robotic assistance allows for accurate and safe drilling of screw holes for TCS placement in the humerus. The robotic procedure allows for a more limited surgical exposure, but the technical feasibility and outcomes associated with this approach should now be evaluated in cadavers before moving to clinical evaluation in live patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitral valve repair in a dog with a modified taut-line hitch knot technique.","authors":"Murat Vurucu, Aykut Cokogullu, Bugra Ozcan","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report the outcome of a dog with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) treated with open-heart surgery using the modified taut-line hitch (modified TLH) knot technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 9-year-old, 8.8-kg intact male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was referred for clinical signs of congestive heart failure secondary to severe mitral regurgitation. The dog underwent mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass. On echocardiographic examination, the left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) was 2.87, and the normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDdN) was 2.43. After cardiac arrest, semi-circular suture annuloplasty and chordal reconstruction using ePTFE sutures were performed. Artificial chordae lengths were adjusted using the modified TLH knot technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vertebral heart scores (VHS) were 15.0 (preoperatively), 12.0 (3 months), 12.3 (6 months) and 12.6 (1 year). LVIDd values were 46.1 mm (preoperatively), 33.3 mm (3 months), 34.1 mm (6 months) and 37.1 mm (1 year). LA/Ao ratios were 2.87 (preoperatively), 1.78 (3 months), 1.90 (6 months) and 1.97 (1 year). The patient remained on pimobendan (0.25 mg/kg every 12 h) at the intermediate-term follow-up, and from the 1-year evaluation, furosemide (2 mg/kg once daily) was prescribed in addition to pimobendan. At the long-term follow-up, no clinical signs of congestive heart failure were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mitral valve repair using the modified TLH knot technique was associated with control of clinical signs and a reduction in medical therapy requirements during long-term follow-up in a dog with severe MR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of soft palate thickness in brachycephalic dogs 3 months after folded flap palatoplasty versus standard staphylectomy.","authors":"Joep Timmermans, Bart Van Goethem, Emmelie Stock, Tim Bosmans, Jimmy Saunders, Hilde de Rooster","doi":"10.1111/vsu.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the soft palate thickness in brachycephalic dogs 3 months after performing folded flap palatoplasty (FFP) or standard staphylectomy (STS).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, observational study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twenty client-owned dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome undergoing corrective multilevel upper airway surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical examination consisted of an exercise tolerance test (ETT) and evaluation of the oropharynx and larynx. Computed tomography (CT) of the skull was performed to measure the length (LEN), rostral thickness (RTH), and middle thickness (MTH) of the soft palate, with calculations of the longitudinal cross-sectional area (CSA) and palatal volume (VOL). Dogs were assigned to undergo FFP (n = 10) or STS (n = 10). Examinations were repeated 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ETT score 3 months postoperatively improved in 6/8 dogs in the FFP group and in 10/10 dogs in the STS group. Shortening of the soft palate resulted in reduction of the median LEN, CSA, and VOL after both FFP and STS. Median rostral thickness increased by 8.2% (IQR -2.0 to 20.6) after FFP and by 10.1% (IQR 1.0 to 15.7) after STS. Median middle thickness increased by 7.9% (IQR -5.0 to 20.9) after FFP and decreased by 16.9% (IQR -27.0 to -0.4) after STS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Folded flap palatoplasty did not result in decreased soft palate thickness in the dogs in this study when evaluated by CT 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Folded flap palatoplasty and STS both resulted in postoperative clinical improvement. Future studies, including a CT immediately postoperatively, could indicate whether the soft palate is thinned immediately after FFP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical implications of lumbar intervertebral disc fenestration in rabbits: Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo conditions as an experimental model for chrondrodystrophic dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc disease.","authors":"James D Crowley, Rema A Oliver, Tian Wang, Matthew H Pelletier, William R Walsh","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effect of intervertebral disc (IVD) fenestration on L3/4 range of motion (ROM) under ex vivo and in vivo conditions in a rabbit model.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized experimental study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>New Zealand White rabbits (ex vivo: n = 18; in vivo: n = 12).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>L3/4 motion segments were tested in lateral bending (LB), flexion-extension (FE), and axial rotation (AR) across five groups (n = 6 per group): control (C), ex vivo fenestration (EVF), in vivo fenestration with a 6 (IVF6) and 12 week (IVF12) timepoint, and intact/annulotomy/fenestration on the same specimen (IAF). Data are reported as ROM and neutral zone (NZ) and were compared between groups using ANOVA and t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In IAF, fenestration increased ROM in LB, FE, and AR (p = .030) and NZ in FE (p = .010) compared to intact. EVF had greater ROM and NZ than C in all planes (LB, FE: p = .0010; AR: p = .030). IVF6 and IVF12 showed reduced ROM and NZ in LB and FE compared to C (p = .020-.0010) and EVF (p = .0010), with no difference in AR (p = .35). IVF6 and IVF12 did not differ significantly in any plane. Right lateral bending was significantly greater than left in EVF (p = .020), but not in IVF6 (p = .15) or IVF12 (p = .31).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fenestration increased spinal motion ex vivo, while in vivo specimens showed reduced ROM over time, consistent with a stabilizing biological response.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>These findings provide a foundation for investigating the biological and biomechanical effects of IVD fenestration in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}