{"title":"Nuclear power plant waste heat opens a window of next-generation desalination hybridization: a SOAR-based review.","authors":"Pitchaiah Sudalaimuthu, Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, Ammar Elshiekh","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.399","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines the potential for utilizing nuclear power plant (NPP) waste heat in hybrid desalination systems, focusing on Reverse Osmosis-Low-Temperature Evaporation (RO-LTE) driven by renewable energy sources and atomic waste heat. By employing a SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) analysis, the study evaluates the integration of NPP waste heat into various desalination technologies, emphasizing the environmental benefits and energy efficiency improvements. Fundamental aspirations include advancements in material science and heat exchanger designs, which enhance heat transfer and evaporation processes. The review also explores cost reduction strategies, such as integrating hydrogen production and mineral recovery from desalination by-products. Passive technologies and process optimization are proposed to minimize operational costs and energy consumption, supporting long-term sustainability. This review serves as a resource for decision-makers, offering insights into the strategic use of NPP waste heat in desalination to address water scarcity while promoting energy efficiency and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irina Cobos, Miriam Orrantia, Denisse Serrano-Palacios, Edna R Meza, Miguel A Armenta, Vianey A Burboa, Luis H Alvarez
{"title":"Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate immobilized on granular activated carbon inhibits methane production during the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater.","authors":"Irina Cobos, Miriam Orrantia, Denisse Serrano-Palacios, Edna R Meza, Miguel A Armenta, Vianey A Burboa, Luis H Alvarez","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.001","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2025.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granular activated carbon (GAC) and GAC modified with anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) were used as conductive materials during the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater (SW). The electron transfer capacity (ETC) in the GAC-AQS was 2.1-fold higher than the unmodified GAC. Despite the improvement in the ETC, the GAC-AQS cultures showed an inhibitory effect, evidenced by the lowest methane productivity. Indeed, the cultures with unmodified GAC achieved 236 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/g COD<sub>i</sub> (chemical oxygen demand, initial), representing an increment of 1.14- and 2.05-fold compared with the control (without conductive materials) and GAC-AQS, respectively. In addition, the methane production rate (<i>R</i><sub>max</sub>) and yield were also improved with unmodified GAC, but they decreased with GAC-AQS. The role of solid-phase AQS (GAC-AQS) as a terminal electron acceptor during microbial respiration competes with methanogenesis for the electrons instead of serving as an electron conduit.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 2","pages":"117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evelina Koltsova, Roman Smotraiev, Anastasiia Nehrii, Malik Zhekeev, Harsha Ratnaweera
{"title":"Mechanisms for removing phosphorus species through sequential coagulation using inorganic coagulants and organic polymers.","authors":"Evelina Koltsova, Roman Smotraiev, Anastasiia Nehrii, Malik Zhekeev, Harsha Ratnaweera","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.401","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for stringent phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater is increasing to mitigate eutrophication, while efficient phosphate reuse is critical due to the global phosphate crisis. Combining aluminum sulfate (ALS) with high molecular weight organic polymers achieved 95-99% removal of particles, turbidity, and phosphates, reducing ALS usage by 40%. We propose mechanisms to explain the enhanced treatment efficiency. Particle and turbidity removal is more influenced by polymer charge density than molecular weight, while orthophosphate (OP) removal is linked to a change in zeta potential from negative to positive, allowing additional OP binding through complex formation with hydrolysis products and polymers. Enhanced phospholipid (PL) removal likely results from adsorption and neutralization of micelle PL charges by intermediate positively charged aluminum hydroxyphosphate ions. Higher PL removal with low ALS doses is attributed to a two-stage dosing process that optimizes coagulant and polymer dosages. The combined removal of OP and PL improves phosphorus bioavailability, increasing the sludge's fertilizer value.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 2","pages":"202-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marius Møller Rokstad, Stian Bruaset, Bjørn Solnes Skaar, Eirik Otnæs Borgen, Franz Tscheikner-Gratl
{"title":"Pardon my trench: reflections on the uptake of trenchless technologies in the Norwegian water sector.","authors":"Marius Møller Rokstad, Stian Bruaset, Bjørn Solnes Skaar, Eirik Otnæs Borgen, Franz Tscheikner-Gratl","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.397","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trenchless pipe renewal can be a more cost-, time- and environmentally effective alternative to traditional open-cut replacement. It reduces service disruptions for surrounding infrastructures and is often cheaper, especially when extensive excavation works are necessary, particularly in cold climates, like Norway, where trenches are traditionally deep due to frost security requirements. Still, the uptake of trenchless technologies is still limited in the Norwegian market. In this study, interviews were conducted with representative actors in the Norwegian water industry (water utilities, contractors, and consultants), with the aim of revealing how the technology for renewal of pipes is selected in the planning phase and identifying hindering and enabling factors for trenchless technology uptake in the market. Factors identified include market conservativism, lack of trust between stakeholders, missing guidelines about the distribution of risk, lack of knowledge/specialization in utilities and consultant offices, and issues pertaining to the project delivery method and tendering process. These factors indicate which measures could be implemented to increase the uptake of trenchless technologies in the Norwegian and similar markets. Suggested measures include strengthening the position of stakeholder independent trade organization, facilitating cooperation between smaller utilities and adapting the tendering process to better reflect the requirements of the projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CFD simulation of turbulent mass transfer of H<sub>2</sub>S and O<sub>2</sub> in a stirring tank.","authors":"Katharina Teuber, Abhinav Dixit, Reinhard Hinkelmann","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.406","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) mass transfer in a highly turbulent stirring tank. Using the open-source software OpenFOAM, we extended three-dimensional two-phase flow solvers with a rotating mesh feature to model the mass transfer processes between the water and air phases. The accuracy of these simulations was validated against experimental data, demonstrating a strong agreement in the mass transfer rates of H<sub>2</sub>S and O<sub>2</sub>. The investigation highlights the impact of turbulence on mass transfer coefficients, confirming the reliability of the solvers for predicting mass transfer in turbulent conditions. The results suggest that these CFD models can serve as effective tools for understanding and optimizing sewer system designs. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of numerical simulations to reduce the need for extensive and potentially hazardous laboratory experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mixture by a <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp.","authors":"Xing Zhang, Jie Qin","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.403","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. strain p52, an aerobic dioxin degrader, was capable of utilizing petroleum hydrocarbons as the sole sources of carbon and energy for growth. In the present study, the degradation of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexadecane and tetradecane) and aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and anthracene) by strain p52 was examined. The results showed that the degradation of phenanthrene was enhanced in the presence of hexadecane or tetradecane due to increased bioavailability and improved cell surface hydrophobicity, which facilitated better substrate uptake. Conversely, the degradation of hexadecane and tetradecane decreased in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons, likely due to the cometabolic effect, metabolic regulation, substrate competition, and the shift in enzyme activity. Moreover, the removal of 4.4 g L<sup>-1</sup> diesel fuel, a complex mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, was investigated and 63.7% of oil contents were depleted within 96 h. Therefore, strain p52 showed the potential to remove petroleum pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waste-derived substrates in vertical-flow constructed wetlands for an efficient removal of high-concentration heavy metals.","authors":"Fahim Muntasir Rabbi, Md Kamrul Hasan, Md Alinur Rahman, Md Salamoon Islam, Pramit Kumar Shohugh, Md Istiak Ahmed, Md Washim Khan, Tanvir Rafi, Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman, Md Hasibur Rahaman, Jun Zhai","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.404","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contamination by heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic ecosystems is a worldwide issue. Therefore, a feasible solution is crucial for underdeveloped and developing countries. Waste-derived materials (WDMs) exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that promote diverse mechanisms for the removal of HMs in constructed wetlands (CWs). In this study, we aimed to report the removal efficiency of HMs of vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) systems using different WDMs, such as clinker brick (Jhama), eggshells, and date palm fiber (DPF). Synthetic wastewater with high concentrations (3.3-61.8) mg/L of HMs (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni) was applied to the systems followed by 3 days of hydraulic retention time. The results demonstrate that removal efficiencies of HMs ranged between 94.8 and 98.7% for DPF, 95.4-98.5% for eggshells, and 79.9-92.9% for the Jhama-filled CWs, while the gravel-based systems were capable of 73-87.6% removal. Two macrophytes, <i>Canna indica</i> and <i>Hymenocallis littoralis</i> were planted in the CWs and exhibited significant accumulation of HMs in their roots. The study reports that WDMs are effective for concentrated HM removal in CWs, and macrophytes demonstrate significant phytoremediation capabilities. The findings of this study will facilitate the economically feasible and efficient design of CWs for effectively treating concentrated HMs in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"21-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Mohammadpour, Ka Yu Cheng, Almantas Pivrikas, Goen Ho
{"title":"A review of biogas upgrading technologies: key emphasis on electrochemical systems.","authors":"Hossein Mohammadpour, Ka Yu Cheng, Almantas Pivrikas, Goen Ho","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.394","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biogas, consisting mainly of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, offers a sustainable source of energy. However, this gaseous stream has been undervalued in wastewater treatment plants owing to its high CO<sub>2</sub> content. Biogas upgrading by capturing CO<sub>2</sub> broadens its utilisation as a substitute for natural gas. Although biogas upgrading is a widely studied topic, only up to 35% of produced raw biogas is upgraded in the world. To open avenues for development research on biogas upgrading, this paper reviews biogas as a component in global renewable energy production and upgrading technologies focusing on electrochemically driven CO<sub>2</sub> capture systems. Recent progress in electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> separation including its energy requirement, CO<sub>2</sub> recovery rate, and challenges for upscaling are critically explored. Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> separation systems stand out for achieving the most affordable technology among the upgrading systems with a low net energy requirement of 0.25 kWh/kg CO<sub>2</sub>. However, its lower CO<sub>2</sub> recovery rate compared to conventional technologies, which leads to high capital expenditure limits the commercialisation of this technology. In the last part of this review, the future perspectives to overcome the challenges associated with electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> capture are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 2","pages":"93-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Hani Mardi, Lee Woen Ean, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Kok Hua Chua, Ali Najah Ahmed
{"title":"Water impact analysis due to coal-electricity generation using the life cycle assessment method: a case study in Malaysia.","authors":"Nurul Hani Mardi, Lee Woen Ean, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Kok Hua Chua, Ali Najah Ahmed","doi":"10.2166/wst.2024.402","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2024.402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coal power plants adversely impact air pollution, but they also pose a risk to our water sources. Discharge wastewater from power plants may degrade the quality of nearby water bodies. This study evaluates the potential water-related environmental impacts of electricity generation at an ultra-supercritical coal power plant in Malaysia using the life cycle assessment method. The inventory data were gathered from a Malaysian power plant, and supporting data were taken from the relevant literature. Utilizing the ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment method, this study analyses the mid-point impact categories of freshwater eutrophication (FEP), marine eutrophication (MEP), freshwater ecotoxicity (FETP), and marine ecotoxicity (METP). The results indicate that METP is the leading risk, with an average impact of 1.94 × 10<sup>-2</sup> kg 1,4-DCB per kWh electricity generated, followed by FETP (1.40 × 10<sup>-2</sup> kg 1,4-DCB), FEP (4.66 × 10<sup>-4</sup> kg P eq), and MEP (2.95 × 10<sup>-5</sup> kg N eq). About 95% of the mid-point impact is due to the extraction and processing of hard coal. These findings underscore a critical aspect of environmental management at the supply chain level. Furthermore, mitigating direct emissions from power generation could reduce the mid-point impact, as demonstrated by comparisons with previous research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 2","pages":"219-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methane production from anaerobic pre-treatment of municipal wastewater combined with olive mill wastewater: A demonstration study.","authors":"Katie Baransi-Karkaby, Mahdi Hassanin, Hadas Raanan-Kiperwas, Nedal Massalha, Isam Sabbah","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.003","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2025.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advanced anaerobic technology (AAT), developed based on an immobilized high-rate anaerobic reactor, was applied as a pretreatment of municipal wastewater (WW) at Karmiel's treatment plant in Israel. The demonstration-scale AAT (21 m<sup>3</sup>) system was operated at a flow rate of 100 m<sup>3</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> municipal WW mixed with olive mill wastewater (OMW) (0.5 m<sup>3</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>) to simulate the scenario of illegal discharge of agro-industrial WW. The AAT provided a stable performance. Specifically, AAT enabled treating high organic loads (9.3 kg m<sup>-3</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>) resulting from OMW discharge by shaving the high peaks of organic content and protecting the subsequent activated sludge process. This system enabled the recovery of a significant part of the organic load by anaerobic biodegradation to produce biogas, shown to be highly dependent on temperature and partly on the organic loading rate. The outcomes indicate that the AAT could tolerate an addition of up to 0.5% OMW to municipal WW by removing more than 50% of the total chemical oxygen demand and 18-47% of polyphenols. This work shows that the AAT system has the potential of pretreating municipal WW, increasing the energy efficiency of the plant, and protecting small-medium WWTPs from sudden agro-industrial discharges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"91 2","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}