Urology Annals最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of sperm retrieval rate between superficial and deep dissection during microscopic testicular sperm extraction.","authors":"Hammam Mandourah, Mohammad Alghafees, Hamed Alali, Shaheed Alsuhaibani, Eyad Gutub, Lama Aldosari, Turki Alhumaid, Said Kattan, Naif Alhathal","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_22_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_22_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) between superficial and deep dissection on the same testicle in terms of sperm retrieval rate (SRR).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In a retrospective study from June 2019 to October 2021, 44 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent micro-TESE with positive results (mature sperm identified) were included. Eight patients were excluded from the study due to deficient documentation on superficial and deep dissection. A total of 36 patients were included; 60 testicles were examined for superficial and deep biopsies. Testicular histopathology was performed in all patients, and a hormonal evaluation was obtained before the micro-TESE attempt.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six patients and 60 testicles were included in the study. Of them, 47 (78.3%) testicles had positive results. Superficial TESE was positive in 38 (63.3%) testicles, and deep TESE was successful in 45 (75.0%) testicles. An improvement of 13.9% in the SRR was observed, following deep dissection. However, there was no statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> = 0.166). Rates of positive sperm retrieval (from any side) did not differ significantly based on patients' age, microdissection testicular sperm extraction sides, and hormonal concentrations; these differences were not apparent after superficial or deep TESE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented findings suggest that although successful SRRs of deep TESE were higher than that of its superficial counterpart, there was no significant statistical difference. A larger body of evidence is needed to provide a higher grade of recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among children of Aseer region in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdulaziz Alamri, Vinod Prem Singh, Mishari Hm Alshyarba, Alahmari Abdullah, Meshal Ogran, Abdullah Alsuayri, Amal Al-Amri, Tarique Hussain Ashraf, Fahad Alyami, Mohammed Sharaf Alshahrani","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_90_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_90_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children is a very common problem managed in pediatric urology. In this study, we present the prevalence of NE in children in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of NE among 555 Saudi children aged 5-15 years in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done through a questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic data, personal knowledge, enuresis-related characteristics, risk factors, and management modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study identified a prevalence of enuresis of 24% of the study population, most of whom were boys. The majority of the parents had a high educational level. Clinical characteristics of the study population showed: 9% have a family history of NE, 2.2% have a history of neurological disorder, 10.0% have a history of urinary tract infections, 66.8% have associated daytime urgency, 67% have urine-holding behavior, and 19.5% have associated daytime enuresis of the study population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found that 24% of children in the Aseer region in Saudi Arabia have NE. Our study finding helps us to understand the prevalence of NE in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia, and this can be applied to other regions in the kingdom. Furthermore, this finding helps us to understand the need to raise awareness in the community about NE and the need to educate the nonpediatric urologist health-care provider about the best management practice for NE.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Saudi urological association guidelines on urolithiasis.","authors":"Wissam Kamal, Raed A Azhar, Saeed Bin Hamri, Abdulaziz H Alathal, Abdulaziz Alamri, Tarek Alzahrani, Hussain Abeery, Yasser A Noureldin, Mohammad Alomar, Abdulrahman Al Own, Mansour M Alnazari, Majid Alharthi, Mohannad A Awad, Abdulghafour Halawani, Hatem Hamed Althubiany, Abdulrahman Alruwaily, Phillipe Violette","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_120_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_120_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines are a set of recommendations for diagnosing, evaluating, and treating urolithiasis in the Saudi population. These guidelines are based on the latest evidence and expert consensus to improve patient outcomes and optimize care delivery. They cover the various aspects of urolithiasis, including risk factors, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatments, and prevention strategies. By following these guidelines, health-care professionals can improve care quality for individuals with urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Panel: </strong>The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel consists of urologists specialized in endourology with expertise in urolithiasis and consultation with a guideline methodologist. All panelists involved in this document have submitted statements disclosing any potential conflicts of interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Saudi Guidelines on Urolithiasis were developed by relying primarily on established international guidelines to adopt or adapt the most appropriate guidance for the Saudi context. When necessary, the panel modified the phrasing of recommendations from different sources to ensure consistency within the document. To address areas less well covered in existing guidelines, the panel conducted a directed literature search for high quality evidence published in English, including meta analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective nonrandomized comparative studies. The panel also searched for locally relevant studies containing information unique to the Saudi Arabian population. The recommendations are formulated with a direction and strength of recommendation based on GRADE terminology and interpretation while relying on existing summaries of evidence from the existing guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shock wave lithotripsy in the era of COVID-19.","authors":"Rabie M Ibrahim, Faysal Elzawy, Ahmed Mohamed Ragheb, Akram A Elmarakbi, Osama Sayed, Amr M Lotfy, Ahmed Youssef, Hany F Badwy, Ahmed Gamal Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_42_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_42_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study y was to evaluate factors which can improve shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) results to keep up with COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between June 2020 and June 2021, patients with radio-opaque or faint radio-opaque upper urinary tract stones, stone attenuation value ≤1200 HU, and stones size <2.5 cm were treated by electrohydraulic SWL. Patients with respiratory tract symptoms elevated temperature, contact with COVID-19 patients, or positive COVID-19 swab 2 weeks preoperatively, skin-to-stone distance >11 cm, and body mass index >30 kg/m² were excluded from the study. Patients were prospectively enrolled in SWL done at a rate of 40-50 SWs/min under combined ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided, ramped into high power in the 1^st 300 shocks. Success rate and complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five hundred and ninety patients completed the study. The success rate after 1^st session was 408/590 patients (69.15%) which was augmented by 2^nd session to reach 527/590 patients 89.3%. The success rate was 96.2% at 3 months postoperatively. Most complications were mild (Grade 1 or 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SWL results improved using slow rate high power from the start of the session under combined fluoroscopy and ultrasound guidance. SWL may be a preferred option during a pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"104-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using machine learning models to predict synchronous genitourinary cancers among gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients.","authors":"Mohammad Alghafees, Raouf M Seyam, Turki Al-Hussain, Tarek Mahmoud Amin, Waleed Altaweel, Belal Nedal Sabbah, Ahmad Nedal Sabbah, Razan Almesned, Laila Alessa","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_32_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_32_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) can occur synchronously with other neoplasms, including the genitourinary (GU) system. Machine learning (ML) may be a valuable tool in predicting synchronous GU tumors in GIST patients, and thus improving prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the use of ML algorithms to predict synchronous GU tumors among GIST patients in a specialist research center in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from all patients with histopathologically confirmed GIST at our facility from 2003 to 2020. Patient files were reviewed for the presence of renal cell carcinoma, adrenal tumors, or other GU cancers. Three supervised ML algorithms were used: logistic regression, XGBoost Regressor, and random forests (RFs). A set of variables, including independent attributes, was entered into the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 patients were included in the study, with 58.8% (<i>n</i> = 100) being male. The median age was 57 (range: 9-91) years. The majority of GISTs were gastric (60%, <i>n</i> = 102) with a spindle cell histology. The most common stage at diagnosis was T2 (27.6%, <i>n</i> = 47) and N0 (20%, <i>n</i> = 34). Six patients (3.5%) had synchronous GU tumors. The RF model achieved the highest accuracy with 97.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that the RF model is an effective tool for predicting synchronous GU tumors in GIST patients. Larger multicenter studies, utilizing more powerful algorithms such as deep learning and other artificial intelligence subsets, are necessary to further refine and improve these predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"94-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed impacts of COVID-19 infection on unexplained male infertility: 2-year follow-up of normal sperm parameters in unexplained male infertility in KSA.","authors":"Alsayed Saad Abdelaziz, Ayman Mohammed Ghoneem","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_154_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_154_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study aimed to assess the long-term effect of COVID-19 infection on unexplained male infertility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective comparative study of 134 men attending the infertility outpatient clinic of our institution before exposing to COVID-19 infection in KSA from January 2019 to July 2022. Medical recorded data of these patients who were investigated before COVID-19 infection were retrospectively collected using the hospital's electronic database, including semen analysis, sex hormonal, and ultrasound testicular size, and their data were compared prospectively to collected data after 2-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and thirty-four infertile males who got COVID-19 infection in KSA (median age, 33 years) were assisted retrospectively preinfection and delayed 2 years postinfection (median of 23 months). Of the 134 men, 44 (32.83%) were asymptomatic positive COVID-19 (Group A), 68 (50.74%) had mild-to-moderate symptomatic positive COVID-19 (Group B), and 22 (16.41%) had severe symptomatic positive COVID-19 (Group C). There was no significant change between pre- and postinfections in sperm parameters, sex hormonal level, and testicular size. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients regarding the severity of infections. None of the evaluated parameters differed significantly after infections up to 2 years. Results of this study demonstrate that COVID-19 infection does not have significant changes in sperm parameters, sex hormonal level, and testicular size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The long-term impact of COVID-19 infections has no significant effect on normal sperm parameters, sex hormones, and testicular size in male infertility in KSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of nephrolithiasis in the Middle East over a recent decade: A systematic review.","authors":"Ehab Mahmoud Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_111_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent issue around the globe, particularly in hot climates such as Saudi Arabia. This analysis's objectives were to investigate the characteristics of kidney stones in Eastern Saudi Arabia and to provide the following findings: urinary stone composition, gender and age distribution, seasonal variations in stone formation, coexisting diseases linked to stone development, and urinary stone incidence. With comparisons to European and American populations, the primary risk factors for nephrolithiasis in Asian populations are to be determined through this systematic review and meta-analysis. We synthesized data from 13 geographically different studies using a thorough literature search through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Potential targets for specialized public health programs were highlighted by the elucidation of differences in health-care-seeking behavior and disparities in health-care access. The results of this systematic analysis give doctors, researchers, and policymakers a thorough understanding of the condition of nephrolithiasis care in Saudi Arabia today. In addition, to maximize the care of nephrolithiasis in this particular group, this review identifies information gaps and highlights the necessity of context-specific guidelines and future research initiatives. All things considered, this systematic review addresses the unique possibilities and problems that exist within the Saudi Arabian health-care sector while also adding to the worldwide conversation on nephrolithiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bladder perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm: Review on clinical features of this rare tumor.","authors":"Zeno Adriaenssens, Robby Peter Anna Lamoury, Sam Tilborghs, Stefan De Wachter, Tim Brits","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_40_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_40_23","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal tumor composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. They can arise in various localizations such as the bladder. A total of 36 case reports regarding bladder PEComa have been described in the literature. Eleven reviews regarding this tumor have been published in literature so far primarily focusing on anatomic pathology. Through these reviews, it is known that in bladder PEComa, the melanocytic marker Human Melanoma Black-45 is expressed in 100% of cases whereas variable expression can be seen in multiple other melanocytic and myoid markers such as smooth muscle actin, &lt;i&gt;Melan-A, CD117, S100, CD31&lt;/i&gt;, and CD34. Since current reviews mainly emphasize anatomic pathology, we perform a review focusing on the clinical aspects of PEComa at the level of the clinician. A manual electronic search of the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science Core Collection databases was conducted. Search was done on (perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms [MeSH terms]) AND (Bladder). All case reports and reviews were encompassed until March 15, 2023, to identify studies that assessed bladder PEComa. The age of presentation is relatively low with a median age of 37 years. There is a female predominance with a female/male ratio of 1.5. The tumor shows no preference in anatomical localization within the bladder. Even involvement of the bladder neck, proximal urethra, and distal ureter has been described. The clinical presentation consists in the majority of patients of symptoms related to the urinary tract such as hematuria, dysuria, passage of urine sediment, frequency, and urgency. Other symptoms include abdominal discomfort and dysmenorrhea. In clinical examination, an abdominal mass can be found based on the size and location of the tumor. Further examination usually encompasses cystoscopy due to the hematuria and radiological investigations such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. These radiological investigations reveal a heterogeneous solid mass with clear borders. In our center, we performed a transvaginal US additionally in a patient with bladder PEComa, which was the only investigation in our patient that concluded the mass was located in the Retzius space. For treatment, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and partial cystectomy were both described in equal numbers. The choice of treatment depends on the localization and size of the tumor. Follow-up consists of imaging, but clear guidelines on this matter are lacking. Bladder PEComa is a rare condition and usually presents itself with nonspecific symptoms. Radiological investigations will reveal the tumor, but the final diagnosis is based on cytological and immunohistochemical features. Since bladder PEComa is an entity with uncertain malignant potential, it is important to include this entity in the differential diagnosis when a patient present","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grossing to reporting of Wilms tumor with emphasis on proper sampling in treatment-naive and postchemotherapy specimens and their clinicopathological correlation with outcome.","authors":"Mohan Krishna Pasam, B Vishal Rao, Sai Kiran Chaganty, Rakesh Manilal Sharma, Veerendra Patil, Suseela Kodandapani, Sundaram Challa, Subramanyeshwar Rao Thammineedi","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_60_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_60_23","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context: &lt;/strong&gt;Emphasis on grossing to reporting for the assessment of histopathological parameters predicting outcomes in Wilms tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To analyze various clinicopathological parameters that effect outcomes in treatment naïve and post chemotherapy Wilms tumor specimens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Settings and design: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a retrospective observational study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subjects and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;All patients diagnosed with Wilms tumor between 2012 and 2018 at our institute will be included with their clinical findings, laboratory reports, and radiological findings. The patients will be categorized into two groups based on treatment protocol (Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) or the National Wilms Tumor Study Group/Children's Oncology Group (COG) guidelines) used. Details of Grossing and reporting protocols used for the in pre treatment and post treatment specimens will be analyzed. Follow-up till December 2020 will be analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analysis used: &lt;/strong&gt;Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 36 patients with the diagnosis of Wilms tumor were included in the present study. The mean age of presentation was 3.9 ± 0.7 years, and males were more common than females. Most of them presented as abdominal mass and few with isolated hematuria. Twenty-six (72%) patients were treated under SIOP protocol with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ten patients underwent upfront surgery as per COG protocol. In SIOP group patients, the mean tumor size was 9.3cm. Forty percent (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10) we mixed histological type followed by blastemal type constituting (32%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8). Regressive and epithelial histological types constituted 16% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4) and 12% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3), respectively. In the SIOP group 72% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19) had no anaplasia and 28% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7) had anaplasia. Fifty seven percent (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15) cases were Stage I, followed by 26.9% &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7) and 11.5% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) being Stage II and Stage III, respectively. Ten patients underwent upfront surgery as per COG protocol. The mean tumor size among this group was 8 cm ranging from 7 cm to 11 cm. Eight (80%) cases had favorable histology and two cases showed focal anaplasia. Heterologous differentiation is seen in 3 (70%). Out of the 10 cases, one case was Stage I, six were Stage 2, one was Stage III, and two were clinical Stage IV. None of the cases showed either vessel or lymph node metastasis. All the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy postsurgery and were followed up till December 2020 for (at least 3 years). Of 25 patients in the SIOP group, 18 (72%) had complete remission with no radiological evidence of residual disease. Of the 10 patients in the COG group, 6 (70%) had complete remission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Histopathological evaluation of Wilms tumor is a critical aspect in the management of Wilms tumor, as tumor","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoexpandable Memokath stent: Usage and efficacy in ureteral and urethral strictures in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Omar Buksh, Anfar Jar, Ahmad Khogeer, Hani Alzahrani, Rabea Akram, Mohammad Taher, Mahmoud Al Akra'a, Adel Alammari, Islam Junaid","doi":"10.4103/ua.ua_160_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ua.ua_160_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Double J (DJ) stent is widely used in cases of ureteric strictures as a temporary solution; however, it has certain limitations, such as the need for frequent exchange. Alternatively, a long-lasting thermoexpandable stent (Memokath™ 051) has been used to relieve ureteral obstructions in comorbid patients with multiple reported advantages, such as longer durability which avoids the need of frequent exchanges. In addition, it can be used in certain cases of urethral strictures. Our study is the first in the region to report the experience and outcome of Memokath stent with ureteral and urethral strictures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After local IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed records of 21 patients who underwent insertion of Memokath 051 stent in the ureter and Memokath 045 in the urethra between 2013 and 2021. Indications of insertion, indwelling duration, and causes of removal were collected and analyzed by SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients received 21 Memokath stents for 11 ureteral strictures and 10 urethral strictures. Fifty-five percent of ureteral strictures were malignant, and 27.3% of the benign ureteric strictures were transplant ureters. Ureteric memokath stents remained functioning for a mean of 16.1 months. Mean indwelling time for transplant ureteric memokath stents was 24.3 months. Total 4 ureteric stents had migrated, 4 stents blocked, and 2 stents were removed as planned and 1 stent removed due to febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Ten urethral stents remained in place for mean of 14 months. Three stents were removed as planned with resolution of stricture, two were removed due to blockage, three stents had UTI, one was removed due to pain, and one stent remained functioning until the patient expired.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our outcome is comparable to other published studies, suggesting that ureteric Memokath stent is a better option with adequate indwelling time, especially in transplant ureters, in comparison with DJ stents. In addition, Memokath stents can be used in selected recurrent urethral strictures where surgical reconstruction is not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23633,"journal":{"name":"Urology Annals","volume":"16 1","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}