Vox Sanguinis最新文献

{"title":"Nucleic acid testing in Colombian blood banks (2018-2024): Implementation, yield estimates and implications for safer transfusion policy.","authors":"María-Isabel Bermúdez-Forero, Michel-Andrés García-Otálora","doi":"10.1111/vox.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Colombia has a population of 52.6 million inhabitants and a blood donation rate of 26 donations per 1000 inhabitants. The 84 blood banks in the country collect approximately 1 million donations annually, which are mandatorily screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), Trypanosoma cruzi and Treponema pallidum. Currently, 95% of donations are screened using chemiluminescence and the remaining using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). However, nucleic acid testing (NAT) is not mandatory for any infectious agent. The aim was to assess the progress in the voluntary implementation of NAT for HIV, HBV and HCV in blood banks.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from the National Haemovigilance Information System were analysed between January 2018 and December 2024, including the total number of donations collected and the screening results obtained through chemiluminescence, ELISA as well as NAT in blood banks that voluntarily adopted this technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, a total of 6,435,189 blood units were collected, of which 6.9% were screened using NAT. The data revealed 10 undetected immunological windows with conventional techniques: four for HIV, three for HBV and three for HCV. It is estimated that the universal implementation of NAT would have identified 135 additional infectious units, potentially preventing at least 83 infections in recipients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The progressive implementation of NAT in Colombian blood banks has demonstrated the presence of immunological windows undetectable by conventional serological techniques, highlighting the potential risk for blood recipients. These findings underscore the need to accelerate NAT adoption and consider making it mandatory in 100% of the country's blood banks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manufacturing stresses do not differentially impact red blood cells from donors with diabetes.","authors":"Celina Phan, Elyn M Rowe, Mahsa Yazdanbakhsh, Jayme Kurach, Mackenzie Brandon-Coatham, Dana V Devine, James D Johnson, Jason P Acker","doi":"10.1111/vox.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>With the rising prevalence of diabetes and expanded blood donor criteria in Canada, individuals with diabetes are increasingly contributing to the blood supply. However, little is known about how routine manufacturing affects red blood cells (RBCs) from this group. This study examined RBC differences in donors with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) following processing to generate red cell concentrates (RCCs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Whole blood (WB) donations were collected from voluntary T1D (n = 12), T2D (n = 11) and non-diabetic age/sex-matched (n = 23) donors. Donations were processed via red cell filtration to generate RCCs. At donation, 2.7-mL of WB was collected into EDTA tubes, and 70 mL of processed RCCs was aliquoted into satellite bags. WB-EDTA tubes and RCC satellite bags were characterized on Day 2 post collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Donors with T1D and T2D had similar, but higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than matched controls (p < 0.001). Processing increased RBC count, haemoglobin and haematocrit in all groups (p < 0.0001). Donors with T2D had decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared to controls, both pre and post processing (p < 0.05), with a similar trend in p50 (pre: p < 0.01; post: p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blood component manufacturing did not exacerbate stress on RBCs from donors with diabetes. Donors with T2D had altered MCH, MCHC and p50 compared to matched controls, which persisted after processing. These findings emphasize the importance of donor health on blood product quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in donor infection profiles and residual risks of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus after the implementation of universal mini-pool nucleic acid testing in Taiwan.","authors":"Wen-Jie Liu, Ching-Mei Yu, Yun-Yuan Chen, Jen-Wei Chen, Sheng-Tang Wei, Sheng-Mou Hou","doi":"10.1111/vox.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Universal mini-pool nucleic acid testing (NAT) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in blood donations has been introduced in Taiwan since 2013. This study aimed to evaluate changes in donors' infection profiles and residual risks of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) for these viruses after NAT implementation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Donations from 15 January 2013 to December 2023 were included in this study. Residual risks associated with the window period (WP) and occult HBV infection (OBI) were both estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 19,756,973 donations, 465, 5592 and 23,534 were confirmed positive for HIV, HCV and HBV, respectively. A high proportion of HBV-positive donations was NAT-yield donations (19.5%), particularly among repeat donors (61.3%). Donor prevalences for these viruses declined regardless of first-time or repeat donors. The residual risks of WP per million donations in 2022-2023 were estimated at 0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.17) for HIV-TTI, 0.31 (95% CI: 0.24-0.55) for HCV-TTI and 26.38 (95% CI: 12.81-50.06) for HBV-TTI, with significant declining trends for HIV-TTI and HBV-TTI since universal NAT implementation. The residual risk of OBI was relatively high yet decreasing, accounting for more than half of the total residual risk for HBV-TTI in 2022-2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After NAT implementation in Taiwan, prevalences and residual risks of TTI for HIV, HCV and HBV have declined. Although the residual risk of HBV-TTI remains relatively high, it is comparable to that in other endemic areas, and no cases of TTI from these viruses have been reported since NAT implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing transfusion reactions in paediatric patients: Active haemovigilance data from a children's hospital in India.","authors":"Ganga R, Seema Dua, Satyam Arora, Nita Radhakrishnan, Ruchi Rai, Dharmendra Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1111/vox.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Because of inherent differences, reports on paediatric transfusion reactions are more heterogeneous than those seen in the adult population. In this study, we aimed to prospectively (active haemovigilance) study the incidence, clinical presentation and factors influencing transfusion reactions among paediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a prospective descriptive study in a teaching children's hospital from the public healthcare system in North India over 1 year. The study involved active monitoring, reporting and analysis of the data related to acute transfusion reactions (i.e., within 24 h of transfusion).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, there were a total of 5198 transfusions in 1401 paediatric patients (876 male; 525 female); among them, 621 patients received multiple transfusions. A total of 93 acute transfusion reactions were analysed (1.7 for every 100 paediatric transfusions and 6.6 for every 100 paediatric patients transfused) with similar incidences in both genders. Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR; n = 80), followed by allergic reaction (n = 12), was the most common transfusion reaction reported. The incidence of transfusion reactions was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with a history of previous transfusion (12.7) compared to patients receiving transfusion for the first time (1.7). Overall, the majority of transfusion reactions in paediatric populations were due to platelet transfusions (49% of all reported reactions). The majority of FNHTRs were reported with red cell transfusions (51%), whereas the majority of allergic reactions were due to platelet transfusions (63.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the need for active surveillance to accurately report and study the factors influencing transfusion reactions in paediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National survey of current intrauterine transfusion practices in India: Identifying gaps and actionable recommendations.","authors":"Sujal Agarwal, Shamee Shastry, Akhila Vasudeva, Ganesh Mohan, Deepika Chenna, Deep Madkaiker","doi":"10.1111/vox.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is a critical intervention for managing severe foetal anaemia, yet significant variability exists in transfusion protocols across India. This study aimed to evaluate the selection, processing and infusion protocols used by Indian transfusion medicine laboratories and foetal medicine teams for IUT, comparing them with international guidelines to develop best practice recommendations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among transfusion medicine and foetal medicine centres across India that had performed at least one IUT in the past 6 months. A structured questionnaire covering demographic data, transfusion medicine practices and foetal medicine protocols was distributed, and responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. A scoring system (0-4) was employed to assess adherence to best practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 centres participated, with wide variability observed in transfusion practices. While 91% of centres used O RhD-negative blood, only 41% implemented extended phenotype matching. The targeted haematocrit (HCT) levels varied, with 75% preferred by most centres. Leucodepletion practices were inconsistent, and only 18% screened for cytomegalovirus (CMV). The majority of centres (59%) reported low complication rates, with foetal bradycardia being the most common adverse event. Success rates exceeded 80% in most centres; a gap analysis was done to derive the recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the need for national guidelines for IUT practices in India. Recommendations include the use of pre-leucodepleted O RhD-negative red blood cells (RBCs), extended phenotype matching, fresh RBCs with HCT adjusted to 75%-80%, and mandatory irradiation. Implementing these best practices will standardize IUT services across India.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":"831-840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases-study results 2: Testing and donor vigilance.","authors":"Galen Conti, Jay Epstein, Silvano Wendel, Claude Tayou Tagny, Antoine Lewin, Divjot Singh Lamba, Lesley Bust, Chancelar Kafere, Jean Stanley, Maria Roussakis, Hany Kamel, Roger Y Dodd, Susan L Stramer","doi":"10.1111/vox.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The results of a global survey on blood safety measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases (TTIDs) were analysed, focusing on TTID testing requirements, practices and associated donor actions (vigilance).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Responses by country/region (C/R) were categorized by World Bank income (WBI) levels: low- and lower middle-income (LLMI), upper middle-income (UMI) and high-income (HI). Consensus responses were used for C/Rs with multiple survey responses. Regions within China and India were analysed separately. Survey questions on TTID testing and donor vigilance were compared across WBI levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses from 74 C/Rs representing 65 countries and Hong Kong were analysed. All C/Rs reported mandatory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening, with a few exceptions for syphilis. Most testing standards were set by national law, using antibody and/or antigen testing for HIV, HBV and HCV; antibody testing was common for syphilis. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was less common in LLMI than in UMI and HI C/Rs. Confirmatory testing was reported by almost all (96%) C/Rs, often using the same screening test. All C/Rs provided educational material to donors, and deferred/notified donors based on reactive/positive TTID results. Most C/Rs reported reactive/positive results to a central entity, and 89% withdrew and destroyed in-date units from previous collections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All reporting C/Rs screened for HIV, HBV and HCV, with most using confirmatory testing. Advanced tests such as NAT were less common in LLMI C/Rs. Donor vigilance was consistent across income groups, with education, notification and deferral for TTID results, and most reporting withdrawal/destruction of previous collections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":"802-811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood donor characteristics and blood safety before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A BEST Collaborative international survey.","authors":"Antoine Lewin, Mindy Goldman, Sheila F O'Brien, David O Irving, Ralph Vassallo, Pierre Tiberghien, Naoko Goto, Allison Waters, Thijs van de Laar, Cyril Jacquot, Roberta Fachini, Marc Germain","doi":"10.1111/vox.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, blood suppliers faced unique challenges meeting changing demand while maintaining safety for donors, recipients and staff. Actions taken may have altered the composition of the donor base and the frequency of confirmed-positive infectious disease marker (IDM) rates. No studies have evaluated the impact of the pandemic on donations, donor demographics and blood safety across several countries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Whole blood/red blood cell (RBC) donors and donations and confirmed IDM reactivity recorded during from 11 March 2019 to 11 September 2019 (\"pre-pandemic period\") and from 11 March 2020 to 11 September 2020 (\"pandemic period\") were collected by 11 blood services participating in the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven blood services from nine countries reported on over 4 million donations per period. On average, donations dropped by 4.0% between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, driven by fewer donations from active repeat donors (-5.6%) and first-time [FT] donors (-14.0%) but partially offset by more donations from lapsed donors (+15.7%). The decline was also driven by fewer donations from male donors (-7.6%) and younger donors (i.e., 16-25 years: -19.0%). Overall, the rate of confirmed IDM positivity dropped from 100.0 to 88.6 per 100,000 donors (-11.4%) between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early in the pandemic, blood donations, particularly from FT donors, decreased. In future respiratory virus pandemics, blood banks should anticipate changes in demand, collection site locations and capacity and donor behaviour. Unlike results in acute catastrophes, lower rates of confirmed IDM positivity were observed, in part related to lower numbers of FT, male and younger donors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":"776-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-tube genotyping using TaqMan-PCR without DNA extraction.","authors":"Toru Miyagi, Ayano Tahara, Hironori Kobayashi, Nelson H Tsuno, Kazuo Muroi","doi":"10.1111/vox.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Genotyping has become an indispensable technique widely used in transfusion medicine. However, further simplification of the process is essential. Among the simplest methods, TaqMan-PCR is prominent. Nevertheless, challenges related to time, cost and the risk of sample mix-up during the DNA extraction process persist. To address these challenges, we have developed a novel blood processing method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Whole blood collected from healthy adult blood donors was heated at 95°C for 5 min and then used as a TaqMan-PCR template. The human platelet antigen (HPA)-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -15 genotypes of 60 individuals were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results were fully consistent with those obtained through routine testing using PCR with reverse-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (rSSO) hybridization, confirming the reliability of our approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed 'one-tube method' significantly reduces the risk of sample mix-up while offering considerable time and cost savings. Furthermore, this method has broader applicability to other genes, as the polymorphic regions tested in this study exhibited variability in guanine-cytosine content and amplicon lengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":"841-845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting emerging trends in transfusion medicine through complex network analysis of scholars' research.","authors":"Feng Lin, Xu He, Huifang Zhang, Yi Huang","doi":"10.1111/vox.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyse and predict emerging trends in transfusion medicine using complex network analysis of high-impact global scholar rankings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Network analysis was employed to uncover research trends, identify central research directions and map knowledge networks. The analytical hierarchy process was used to evaluate potential future research trajectories. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test assessed network centrality differences, with cross-validation performed using the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) and the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) conference themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical transfusion is the central theme, with transfusion management, evaluation and specific transfusions like platelet and plasma gaining prominence. Blood safety evolved into a standalone domain, while immunohaematology and cell therapy represent emerging trends. Innovations in blood storage, transfusion technology and omics insights are shaping future directions. Notably, despite global healthcare impacts, COVID-19 has not significantly redirected transfusion medicine research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The transfusion medicine landscape demonstrates stability in its core framework while increasingly focusing on emerging areas such as personalized therapies, platelet transfusion and cell-based treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":"820-830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and functionality in serum and COVID-19 convalescent plasma after long-term storage.","authors":"Sandra Laner-Plamberger, Anita Siller, Wanda Lauth, Jan Marco Kern, Lenka Baskova, Nina Held, Orkan Kartal, Harald Schennach, Eva Rohde, Christoph Grabmer","doi":"10.1111/vox.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated various therapeutic approaches, including convalescent plasma (CP) administration. The administration timing of COVID-19 CP (CCP), antibody specificity and quantity were identified as crucial factors for therapeutic success. Currently, antibody durability and storage time are still under debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and in vitro functionality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in human plasma and serum after long-term storage, to provide a framework for generally applicable rules regarding the long-term storage of CCP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Serum and plasma samples of CCP donations were investigated at the time of donation and after 2 and 3 years' storage at less than -30°C using (electro)chemiluminescence immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with the plasma undergoing multiple freezing and thawing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data reveal robust levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after long-term storage. Furthermore, our findings also indicate that multiple freezing and thawing cycles do not affect the antibody levels or their neutralizing capability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As antibody stability and in vitro functionality are maintained over extended periods, even after repeated freezing and thawing, our findings support long-term storage of CCP, particularly benefiting vulnerable populations such as immunocompromised individuals. By now, donors have likely encountered various SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine-acquired antibodies. This antibody mix present in CCP is suggested to protect even against new variants. Our data indicate that current regulations for the storage of CCP can be extended and that CCPs could be used for therapeutic purposes after long-term storage without significant loss of antibody quantity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":"784-792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}