Vox Sanguinis最新文献

{"title":"Aggregate formation in cold-stored platelet products is associated with donor source, not with storage shelf style nor label orientation.","authors":"Kathleen Kelly, Susanne Marschner, Alisha Chitrakar, Micaela Jones, Jeffrey M Finlon, David Buesing, Kimberly A Thomas","doi":"10.1111/vox.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cold-stored platelets (CSPs) stored out to 14 days are approved in the United States for use in actively bleeding patients when conventional room temperature-stored platelets are unavailable. Cold storage promotes aggregate formation, yet how specific storage conditions impact aggregate formation remains poorly defined. As CSPs are stored in gas-permeable bags, we investigated how the shelving style (perforated, solid) or label orientation (up, down) affects CSP aggregate formation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Single-donor apheresis platelets (N = 17, Trima 100% plasma) were split equally into small-volume platelet storage bags to create four mini-units/donor. These were stored for 14 days (1-6°C) under the following conditions: (i) perforated shelving, label down; (ii) perforated shelving, label up; (iii) solid shelving, label down; and (iv) solid shelving, label up. Units were visually scored for aggregates and assayed for platelet count, mean platelet volume, immature platelet fraction and metabolic parameters. In a subset of units (N = 11 donors), we evaluated surface receptor expression, thrombin generation, aggregation and occlusion under physiologically relevant flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aggregate occurrence was similar across all four storage conditions, and varied more with respect to donor (coefficient of variation [CV] = 116%) than storage condition (CV = 14%). While units stored on solid shelves had statistically significant different metabolic parameters compared to units stored on perforated shelves, phenotypical and functional differences between shelving styles were unremarkable. There were no differences in intrinsic haemostatic function of units under all four conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aggregate formation in CSPs appears to be donor-dependent, and not impacted by shelf style or label placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenetic polymorphism of human platelet antigens in the Saudi population: Insights into genetic diversity and alloimmune risk.","authors":"Omar AlSuhaibani, Noureddine Chatti, Sultan AlZahrani, Mohammed AlHajuj, Dalel Malhani, Abdullah AlDosseri, Jassim Albasri, Ghaleb Elyamany, Hadef Skouri","doi":"10.1111/vox.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Population study on immunogenetic polymorphism of human platelet antigens (HPAs) may aid in predicting the risk of alloimmune thrombocytopaenia syndromes. We aimed to characterize the diversity of HPAs in Saudis and estimate the alloimmunization risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We assessed the genotype and allele frequencies of HPA-1 to -11 and HPA-15 in 118 Saudi blood donors using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. We estimated the mismatch risk associated with blood transfusions and pregnancies for each individual allele. Furthermore, we evaluated the mismatch risk for various haplotypes constructed from all HPA genes, as well as focusing on the highly immunogenic HPA-1 and -5 systems. Moreover, our data were integrated with data from other populations to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequencies of the 'a' and 'b' alleles for the polymorphic HPA-1, -2, -3, -5 and -15 genes were as follows: HPA-1a/b: 0.831/0.169; HPA-2a/b: 0.856/0.144; HPA-3a/b: 0.729/0.271; HPA-5a/b: 0.822/0.178 and HPA-15a/b: 0.449/0.561. A slight polymorphism was observed in HPA-9: 0.992/0.008. The HPA-4, -6, -7, 8, -10 and -11 genes were found monomorphic. We found 54 different concatenated haplotypes; the mismatch probability of each varied between 0.85% and 11.72%. The PCA indicated a significant non-random grouping of populations into four genetically distinct clusters. This pattern is confirmed by the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is useful for HPA immunogenetics and offers a database for further research on transfusion medicine, alloimmune thrombocytopaenia as well as on population genetics in the Arabian Peninsula and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of the Japanese Red Cross Blood Center in Ishikawa Prefecture to the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake.","authors":"Satoshi Yasumura, Kosuke Wakamori, Shinji Nakao","doi":"10.1111/vox.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of conflict/war disasters on blood banks and transfusion services in low- and middle-income countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region.","authors":"Arwa Z Al-Riyami, Rita Feghali, May Raouf, Quentin Eichbaum","doi":"10.1111/vox.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Different countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region face significant challenges resulting from man-made disasters. This survey aimed to assess the experiences of blood bank and transfusion services in the Eastern Mediterranean region in managing their operations during conflict/war disasters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A survey was distributed to medical directors in 61 blood banks and transfusion services in low- and middle-income countries with conflict/war disasters. The survey assessed the organization of blood banks, blood, consumables and reagents supply and management of transfusion demand during conflict/war disasters. It also gathered lessons learned during these experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 respondents participated from Palestine, Yemen, Pakistan, Egypt, Iraq and Lebanon. Thirteen respondents reported decentralization of blood services in their countries. Only three countries had existing regulations that allowed shipment of blood from other countries. Fourteen participants (70%) reported a decline in blood supply and/or donations during the disasters. Twelve (60%) reported an increase in transfusion demand. Most institutions (85%) had a disaster response plan for blood supply, but only seven plans included practice drills. The participants highlighted key lessons and recommendations including the need to enhance communication with various stakeholders, provide staff training and mental health support and ensure self-sufficiency in blood supply, consumables and reagents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conflict/war disasters have presented significant challenges to blood banks and transfusion services in the impacted countries in the region. It is crucial to address these vulnerabilities to maintain continuous, safe and efficient operation of blood services during such disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the stability of cultured red blood cells during storage.","authors":"Christian J Stevens-Hernandez, Sabine Kupzig, Paraskevi Diamanti, Nicola M Cogan, Allison Blair, Lesley J Bruce","doi":"10.1111/vox.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) have many potential applications, including in diagnostics, as drug delivery carriers or for specialized clinical use. However, cRBCs are immature reticulocytes that do not store well. After 10 days of cold storage in saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol (SAG-M), cRBCs show around 8% haemolysis compared to <0.8% for mature RBCs. This study aimed to develop a better storage medium to enhance cRBC stability and viability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>cRBCs were cultured from CD34⁺ haemopoietic cells from peripheral blood and resuspended at 1.5 × 10⁹/mL in SAG-M or SAG-M with different macromolecules (10% human serum albumin, 10% Dextran-40, 10% Ficoll-70). The effect of rejuvenation before storage was also investigated. Haemolysis and morphology assessment were carried out on Days 10, 16 and 20 of storage at 4°C. In vivo assays were performed by injecting 2 × 10⁸ cRBCs into NOD.Cg-Prkdc^scidIl2rγ^tm1Wjl/SzJ mice on Days 1, 9 and 21 of storage. Clearance and maturation of cRBCs were assessed at different intervals post injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Addition of macromolecules significantly improved cRBC stability; 10% Dextran-40 reduced haemolysis of cRBCs to <2% over 20 days of cold storage. Rejuvenation had no significant effect. Similar numbers, morphology and maturation of cRBCs were detected in the murine circulation, whether or not stored in SAG-M or SAG-M + 10% Dx-40, regardless of storage time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addition of macromolecules to SAG-M improves cRBCs storage stability and does not affect their clearance or maturation in the in vivo model. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing evidence of improved stability of cRBCs during storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized pathogen reduction of double-dose platelets pooled from seven buffy coats using the TACSI® system.","authors":"Alice Lorusso, Liam Morgan, Aileen Farrelly, Mark Lambert, Barry Doyle, Paul Hendrick, Einas Elsheikh, Andrew Godfrey, Tor Hervig, Allison Waters","doi":"10.1111/vox.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vox.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) can enhance platelet safety by mitigating pathogenic contamination risks. This study describes, for the first time, the in vitro platelet quality and function assessment of whole blood-derived double-dose (DD) pools, prepared using seven buffy coats (BCs) pooled on the Terumo Automated Centrifuge & Separator Integration (TACSI)® system and pathogen-reduced (PR) with the INTERCEPT™ Blood System (IBS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>DD platelet pools were prepared by pooling seven ABO-identical BCs with 280 mL of additive solution platelet additive solution E using the TACSI® system. Process optimization ensured compliance with the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) guidelines and IBS entry specifications. Units were split and either treated with IBS or left untreated, and stored agitated in INTERCEPT storage bags at 22°C for 8 days. Platelet quality was assessed at baseline and at Days 2, 6 and 8 using quality control tests and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All units complied with EDQM specifications. Platelet concentration significantly decreased in IBS-treated platelets (p < 0.05). Both IBS-treated and untreated platelet units exhibited similar stability for mean platelet volume (MPV), gas exchange and pH. Higher glucose values were detected in IBS-treated platelets. CD62P expression and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure significantly increased over storage in both groups, indicating comparable storage lesion and apoptosis, respectively. No differences were observed in the pro-coagulant activity of platelets, as both groups were responsive to agonist stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support the use of the IBS for pathogen reduction in larger platelet pools and highlight the system's effectiveness in maintaining platelet functionality for transfusion purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a rapid blood warmer on the quality and function of cold-stored platelets.","authors":"Sarah Goatson, Jamie Nash, Christine Saunders, Nicola Pearce, Edward J Sayers, David Rawlinson, Christopher Hingston, Thomas Scorer, Chloe E George","doi":"10.1111/vox.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Pre-hospital critical care faces challenges in carrying platelet concentrates (PC). Cold-stored platelets (CSP) may offer improved haemostatic function over room temperature platelets. Rapid warming of blood products is crucial for hypothermic trauma patients. This study evaluates whether the°M Warmer System (°MEQU, Copenhagen), used for red cells and intravenous thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 fluids, affects CSP functionality compared to a standard giving set.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Buffy coat-derived platelets, in a platelet additive solution to plasma ratio of approximately 65:35, were stored at 4 ± 2°C without agitation for 6 days. A baseline measurement was taken on Day 2. On Day 6, a 'pre-sample' was taken; then CSP were either infused through the°MEQU or a standard transfusion-giving set. Platelet function was assessed by aggregation and thromboelastography (TEG). Platelet activation was assessed by CD62P expression, Annexin V binding, microparticle concentration and soluble CD62P concentration. Ten replicates were completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither aggregation nor TEG showed significant differences between PC infused through the standard set or the rapid blood warmer. Soluble CD62P levels were significantly higher in both the standard giving set (26.7 ± 6.4 ng/mL) and rapid blood warmer (25.9 ± 5.1 ng/mL) compared to the pre-sample (18.8 ± 4.8 ng/mL), with no significant difference between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The°MEQU did not detrimentally affect platelet quality and functionality compared to a standard giving set, suggesting the feasibility for a CSP clinical trial in the pre-hospital environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplying whole blood with drones for prehospital transfusion at trauma sites in Finland: A simulation.","authors":"Panu Erästö, Milla Juntunen, Jukka Pappinen, Jouni Nurmi, Jarkko Ihalainen, Jouni Lauronen, Mikko Arvas","doi":"10.1111/vox.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Prehospital transfusion is now increasingly used in civilian and military medicine. Blood products are, however, perishable and rarely needed in civilian settings. Given the rapid development of drone-based logistics and Finland's low population density, we aimed to build a computational framework to assess the feasibility and requirements of drone-based delivery of blood products to trauma sites. Unlike previous studies, which focus mostly on deliveries to hospitals in compact urban areas, we model direct deliveries to trauma scenes across an entire sparsely populated country.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used predicted trauma data on a 1 × 1 km grid covering Finland. Drone base locations were optimized using mixed-integer linear programming, and drone operations were analysed with a discrete event simulation model. Our approach combines strategic location optimization with operational-level simulation and is grounded in high-resolution, real-world data-driven trauma demand estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With 20 base locations and drones capable of a 60-km delivery range, over 80% of predicted trauma events can be reached. If drones can return to base, one drone per base is typically sufficient due to the rarity of missions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We present a novel computational framework for simulating drone-based blood delivery to trauma scenes. Our results suggest that while current drone capabilities may still be limited, the approach is promising for countries with similar geography. The framework is adaptable and can support planning in other regions with reliable trauma demand data.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three buffy coat platelet concentrates: Use of data modelling to make more with less.","authors":"Michael Cahillane, Nicola Pearce, Christine Saunders, Nicole Polidano, Stephanie O'Brien, Laura Paletto, Thomas Scorer, Chloe George","doi":"10.1111/vox.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The Welsh Blood Service (WBS) produces pooled platelet concentrates from four buffy coats (4BC-PC), achieving consistently high platelet yields exceeding the UK specification. Three buffy coat platelet concentrates (3BC-PC) offer the potential for improved supply chain resilience and increased production capacity. Data modelling was performed to evaluate the local feasibility of 3BC-PC production.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Platelet recovery (%) was calculated from 41 4BC-PC to generate three reference values (maximum, average and minimum). Measurements from the 164 BCs were used to model 3BC-PC production, with further analysis determining the impacts of manufacturing variability. Calculated yields were assessed against UK, European (EU) and UK contingency specifications. Potential production increases for WBS were estimated alongside statistical significance and effect size of the modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data modelling with 3BC-PC showed 100% compliance against UK minimum requirements approved as a contingency measure (≥75% achieving ≥150 × 10⁹/unit), while compliance to EU specification (≥90% achieving ≥200 × 10⁹/unit) ranged from 93.2% to 100%. Compliance to routine UK specification (≥75% achieving ≥240 × 10⁹/unit) varied for the three modelled scenarios (54.5%-86.8%). Modelling indicated potential increases in platelet concentrate (PC) production, with notable rises for Groups A and O components of approximately 30%-40%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data modelling supports 3BC-PC as a feasible alternative to 4BC-PC, offering increased production capacity. Modelled 3BC-PC met UK contingency and EU specifications. Compliance with the UK standard specification was variable and suggests the need for further optimization. Real-world validation would confirm whether this is a practical proposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro quality of whole blood-derived red cell concentrates collected, processed and stored in a blood bag set plasticized with di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate.","authors":"Tatiana Stephenson, Anita Howell, Carly Olafson, Chryslain Sumian, Stefan Reichenberg, Quentin Brebant, Ken McTaggart, Geraldine M Walsh","doi":"10.1111/vox.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Due to toxicity concerns, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-the most used plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) whole blood (WB) collection and processing bag sets-will be effectively prohibited in medical devices in Europe from 2030. Removal of DEHP will primarily impact the in vitro quality of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates (RCCs) and DEHP-free sets with alternate additive solutions (ASs) that better preserve RBCs in the absence of DEHP are being developed. This study compared the in vitro quality of RCCs from di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT)/phosphate-adenine-glucose-guanosine-saline-mannitol (PAGGSM) and DEHP/saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) sets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>WB was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) in either 500-mL DEHP/SAGM (n = 37) or prototype 475-mL DEHT/PAGGSM bag sets (n = 29). Leucoreduced (LR)-RCCs were produced using semi-automated top/bottom processing within 24 h of collection. RBC quality, including haemolysis, supernatant metabolic parameters and RBC deformability, was measured on D43 (1-day after expiry).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All RCCs in the study had haemolysis <0.8%, and there was no statistically significant difference between haemolysis in DEHT/PAGGSM and DEHP/SAGM RCC (p = 0.083). Tolerance bound analysis indicated that RCCs in DEHT/PAGGSM produced using Canadian Blood Services' main production method would meet current Canadian Standards Association (CSA) CAN/CSA-Z902:25 quality control (QC) requirements for RCCs. There were some differences in metabolic in vitro quality measures, and RBCs in DEHT/PAGGSM were slightly less deformable (lower maximum elongation index [EI_MAX]) and required larger amounts of force (K_EI) to physically deform.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RBCs have acceptable in vitro quality at expiry in DEHT/PAGGSM, supporting a 42-day shelf life.</p>","PeriodicalId":23631,"journal":{"name":"Vox Sanguinis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}