Water SA最新文献

{"title":"Adsorption Performance of Fe2O3-Modified Dolomite Composite (DFC) for Congo Red Removal","authors":"Pengfei Yang, Lizhi Pan, Junfeng Lan, Youming Ye, Ran Ao, Xuezhen Xie, Yanmeng Chen, Xingxian Lan","doi":"10.3390/w17081198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081198","url":null,"abstract":"Printing and dyeing wastewater is known for its high color intensity, complex composition, and low biodegradability, making its treatment a significant challenge in environmental protection. Dolomite is a natural mineral with abundant reserves and can be effectively used as an adsorbent carrier. In this study, the dolomite loaded by Fe2O3 composites (DFC) was synthesized and systematically characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, and IR to evaluate its structural and surface properties. The adsorption performance of DFC on Congo Red (CR) was then investigated. The maximum adsorption amount of CR by DFC was 3790.06 mg⋅g−1, and the removal rate was still stable at 97% after five cycles of adsorption test, which demonstrated that DFC exhibited exceptional adsorption efficacy and regeneration capability. The loaded Fe3+ was beneficial to improve the adsorption effect on the DFC. In addition, to evaluate the type of adsorption, kinetic calculations were performed, which indicated that the Weber–Morris diffusion modeling study showed the adsorption behavior was influenced by the interplay of many diffusion mechanisms. The study offers an innovative method for the efficient utilization of dolomite in creating renewable adsorbent materials for dye wastewater remediation.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 8","pages":"1198-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/8/1198/pdf?version=1744812924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Human Exposure to DPG and Its Derivatives: Wastewater and Urine Analysis in Guangzhou, China","authors":"Mei Wang, Hao Wang, Jinfan Chen, Junfeng Niu, Lipeng Liang, Li Cai, Yexia Qin, Xiaofei Song","doi":"10.3390/w17081130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081130","url":null,"abstract":"Tire additives, extensively utilized as industrial raw materials, may enter aquatic environments through various pathways during production, usage, or disposal processes. Research has shown that these additives pose potential threats to human health. However, the information regarding human exposure to 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG), and 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine (TPG) (collectively referred to as DPGs) remains limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate human exposure to DPG and its derivatives by analyzing urine and wastewater samples. DPG, DTG, and TPG were frequently detected in urine samples, with median concentrations of 0.19, 0.06, and 0.03 ng/L, respectively. The median urinary concentration of DPG was significantly higher in children than in the general population (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, higher concentrations of DPGs were detected in wastewater, with median values of 20.7 ng/L (DPG), 0.13 ng/L (DTG), and 0.85 ng/L (TPG). The per capita mass loads of ∑DPGs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were significantly higher on weekdays than weekends, whereas domestic WWTPs exhibited slightly lower average loads on weekdays compared to weekends. Additionally, urine–wastewater collaborative monitoring revealed that urinary excretion contributed only 28% to the total mass load of ∑DPGs in municipal wastewater, indicating it is not the main source in southern China. Consequently, the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach based on the analysis of parent compounds is unsuitable for assessing human exposure to DPGs. These results aid in developing an efficient surveillance system for understanding human exposure trends to DPGs.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 8","pages":"1130-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/8/1130/pdf?version=1744277584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate and Dissolved Metals in the Pearl River Estuary, China—Part 1: Spatial Distributions and Influencing Factors","authors":"Hongyan Ma, Yunpeng Wang, Chuqun Chen, Yuanzhi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/w17071019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071019","url":null,"abstract":"Metals in the Pearl River Estuary are of great importance due to the dense population and rapid industrialization, but they have not been systematically studied. This study investigates the spatial distribution and environmental impacts on dissolved and particulate metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Tl, Pb) in the Pearl River Estuary by integrating statistical methods and spatial analysis techniques. The areas with high concentrations of particulate metals are mainly located north of the Humen Bridge. Some metals also show higher concentrations near the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge or around Macau. Overall, the spatial distribution patterns of metals such as Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Tl, and Zn show clustering features. Oxygen content, salinity, and temperature significantly influence most particulate metals. The areas with high concentrations of dissolved metals are mainly located north of the Humen Bridge or in waters closer to the sea. Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mo, and Tl show a clustered distribution. Dissolved Fe, Ni, and Mo are significantly influenced by environmental factors, except for water depth. This study fills the research gap on dissolved and particulate metals in the Pearl River Estuary, providing essential data to support metal pollution management in the region.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 7","pages":"1019-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/7/1019/pdf?version=1743399900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Analysis of Both Microcystin-Producing and Microcystin-Free Microcystis aeruginosa Strains in Response to Exogenous Microcystin Exposure","authors":"Lijuan Cai, Chen Chen, Bingqing Wang, Gary Xie, Bo Wang, Xiuling Li, Wenxia Wang","doi":"10.3390/w17070993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17070993","url":null,"abstract":"Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), a key species in cyanobacterial blooms, is notably concerning due to its production of harmful microcystins (MCs). In this study, the differences in the ability of MC-producing and MC-free strains of M. aeruginosa to respond to the exogenous MCs (MC-LR) were compared. The results showed that at higher concentrations, MC-LR affected cell morphology, cell growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and induced oxidative stress in M. aeruginosa. Under high MC-LR concentration exposure, MC-producing strains showed a 14.7% reduction in cell density, accompanied by a 32% elevation in Vj and a 63.1% decline in FV/FM. MC-free strains showed cell density decreasing by 22.5%, Vj increasing 2-fold, and FV/FM dropping by 69.5%. The inhibitory effect of MC-LR at higher concentrations was found to be stronger in MC-free compared to MC-producing strains. In addition, MC-LR reduced the efficiency of photosystem II by blocking electron transfer from QA to QB; for MC-free strains, MC-LR may have acted as a signaling molecule affecting the targeting of QB on the D1 protein, thus leading to QB detachment from the protein complex. Metabolomics analysis showed that MC-LR affects arginine synthesis in M. aeruginosa and thus the synthesis and release of MCs.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 7","pages":"993-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/7/993/pdf?version=1743152013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Quality Dynamics in the Zhuxihe River Basin in Hainan Province, China: Insights from Temporal and Spatial Analysis","authors":"Tongchun Qin, Yongpeng Yang, Nan Shan, Haiqin Ding, Wei Shao, Haigang Wang, Ning Di","doi":"10.3390/w17070923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17070923","url":null,"abstract":"The Zhuxihe River has faced significant water quality challenges in recent years. Although control measures have been implemented, the pollution levels remain concerning. This paper aims to investigate the spatio-temporal variations in the water quality of the Zhuxihe River through field sampling, chemical testing, and synthetic evaluation. We collected 52 water samples in both dry and wet seasons along the main river and its tributaries. The evaluation, which utilized the integrated SFE-FCE method, identified MnO42−, NH3-N, TP, and TFe as the primary pollutants. In the dry season, MnO42− concentrations ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 19.8 mg/L, NH3-N ranged from 0.12 mg/L to 2.04 mg/L, and TP concentrations varied from 0.1 mg/L to 5.61 mg/L. In the wet season, MnO42− concentrations ranged from 4.9 mg/L to 13.9 mg/L, NH3-N from 0.27 mg/L to 1.73 mg/L, and TP from 0.07 mg/L to 1.31 mg/L. The results indicate the concentrations of MnO42− are higher in the wet season, and TP and NH3-N show seasonal fluctuations. Spatially, the downstream section of the main river faces the highest pollution levels. This study provides insights into the pollution dynamics of the Zhuxihe River, offering a scientific foundation for future research and water quality management strategies.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 7","pages":"923-923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/7/923/pdf?version=1742896668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Tetradesmus obliquus Adsorption for Heavy Metals Through Lysine Addition: Optimization and Competitive Study","authors":"Qun Wei, Hai‐Jian Sun, H. P. Qi, Conghan Wang, Gairen Yang, Xiangmeng Ma","doi":"10.3390/w17070935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17070935","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal wastewater often contains multiple metal ions, and competition among them reduces the adsorption efficiency of microalgae. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for improving heavy metal removal. This study optimized lysine addition to facilitating the formation of a ternary complex between microalgae, lysine, and heavy metals, thereby enhancing adsorption in both single- and mixed-metal systems. In a single-metal system at 64 mg/L, lysine improved the removal rates of copper, zinc, and cadmium by 13.96%, 41.21%, and 33.26%, respectively. In binary systems (Cu-Zn, Cu-Cd, and Cu-Pb) at 32 mg/L, lysine increased copper adsorption by 11.81%, 15.71%, and 25.25%, while improving zinc, cadmium, and lead adsorption by 15.41%, 12.51%, and 3.93%, respectively. Competitive adsorption analysis revealed that lead most strongly inhibited copper adsorption, while copper significantly suppressed zinc adsorption. Mechanistic investigations using 3D-EEM, FTIR, and XPS demonstrated that humic substances in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of microalgae play a key role in lysine binding. This interaction increases the number of carboxyl functional groups on the cell surface, thereby enhancing the microalgae’s capacity to adsorb heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 7","pages":"935-935"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/7/935/pdf?version=1742802436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxyapatite-Modified Zeolite for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water: Adsorption Mechanism Investigation and Column Study","authors":"Rajinda Boteju, Libing Zheng, Hewa M. S. Wasana, Qiyang Wu, Yuansong Wei, Hui Zhong, Yawei Wang, Ajith de Alwis","doi":"10.3390/w17060908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060908","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the synthesis and application of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-modified zeolite materials for efficient fluoride removal from groundwater-based drinking water. Characterization confirmed the successful incorporation of HAp onto the zeolite surface and the formation of a stable composite. EDS analysis revealed the presence of Ca and P after modification, while FTIR and XRD confirmed the structural integrity of HAp during adsorption. ZH8 exhibited the highest F-removal efficiency of 92.23% at pH 3, 30 °C, [F−] = 6 ppm and dose = 10 g/L. Meanwhile, HAp-modified zeolite showed high F-selectivity, and the competing ions had limited interference. The Langmuir model best described the adsorption process, suggesting monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 39.38 mg/g for ZH8. The process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with equilibrium achieved within 4 h. Regeneration studies demonstrated that ZH8 maintained over 85% efficiency for three cycles, highlighting its reusability. Column studies validated the material’s practical applicability, with breakthrough times of up to 23 h under optimal conditions (flow rate: 8 cm3 min−1, bed depth: 30 cm, feed concentration: 7.5 ppm) and a maximum yield of 99% at [F−] = 5 ppm with Vb = 10.8 L. The Thomas model best described the column adsorption process, indicating chemical adsorption as the dominant mechanism. These findings demonstrate the potential of HAp-modified zeolite, particularly ZH8, as an effective adsorbent for fluoride removal in real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 6","pages":"908-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/6/908/pdf?version=1742531163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of CS/PVA/POP Nanofiber Membranes and Adsorption Behavior for Hg(II) Ions","authors":"Qunhua Zhou, Yu Sun, Ziye Li, Siqin Sun, Jianshe Hu, Zhangpei Chen, Aikebaier Reheman","doi":"10.3390/w17060885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060885","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membranes were synthesized via electrospinning and used as supporting materials for powdered porous organic polymer (POP). These membranes were then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, resulting in nanofiber membranes (CS/PVA/POP) as an efficient adsorbent for Hg(II) ions. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the membranes effectively removed up to 92.9% of mercury ions at optimal conditions, with an adsorption capacity of 116.1 mg/g. The adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The efficient uptake of mercury ions was attributed to chemisorption involving active groups (C=S, -NH2, -OH), facilitated by mechanisms such as chelation, complexation, or electron exchange. The CS/PVA/POP nanofiber membranes demonstrated significant advantages in adsorption capacity, economic viability, and recyclability, providing an effective solution to mercury pollution in water.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 6","pages":"885-885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/6/885/pdf?version=1742378942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic Enrichment and Succession of Microcystin-Degrading Bacterial Communities from Shrimp Pond Sediment and Shrimp Intestine","authors":"Wenjie Zhao, Xiangdong Bi, Xinyu Wang, Chunlong Liu, Dajuan Zhang, Wei Dai","doi":"10.3390/w17060774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060774","url":null,"abstract":"Under anaerobic conditions, microcystins (MCs)-degrading bacteria from shrimp pond sediment and the shrimp intestine were repeatedly enriched using Widdel medium with MCs as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The succession of two bacterial communities during anaerobic enrichment was compared, and anaerobic MC-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from the final enriched bacterial communities. The results showed that, with the increase in the enrichment time, the alpha diversity indices of the bacterial communities from the pond sediment and shrimp intestine decreased significantly at first (p<0.05) and then increased gradually, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). The composition of the dominant genera changed significantly at first and then gradually stabilized. After six instances of enrichment, the bacterial communities from the pond sediment and shrimp intestine had similar microbial diversity and essentially the same dominant genera. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed the significant differentiation of the original bacterial communities between the pond sediment and shrimp intestine, but no significant separation of the final enriched communities. Compared with the original bacterial communities, the degradation rates of MCs by the final enriched communities from the pond sediment and shrimp intestine were increased by 1.01 times and 1.42 times, respectively. Three anaerobic MC-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from the final enriched bacterial communities and identified as Shewanella algae, Serratia marcescens, and Bacillus flexu. They could all degrade MCs, but there were significant differences in their degradation rates, which could differ by more than 100 times. Our results suggest that a common native anaerobic MC-degrading bacterial community exists at different sites in the shrimp pond, and anaerobic biodegradation plays an important role in eliminating MC pollution in shrimp ponds.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 6","pages":"774-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/6/774/pdf?version=1741342629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into Adsorption Kinetics, Equilibrium, Thermodynamics, and Modeling of Ciprofloxacin onto Iron Ore Tailings","authors":"Fang Nan, Yanhua Xi, Jing Zhang, Jian Wu, Huicai Cheng, Qiang He","doi":"10.3390/w17050760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17050760","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the resource utilization of iron ore tailings (IOTs), two different IOTs were investigated as sustainable adsorbents for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal from aqueous systems. Through systematic batch experiments, key adsorption parameters including initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, ionic strength, and temperature were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that CIP adsorption by IOTs remained relatively stable across a broad initial pH range (2–10), with maximum adsorption capacities of 5-IOT and 14-IOT observed at the initial pH values of 10.1 and 9.16, respectively. Competitive ion experiments revealed a gradual decrease in CIP adsorption capacity with increasing ionic strength (Na⁺, Mg2⁺, and Ca2⁺). Thermodynamic analyses indicated an inverse relationship between adsorption capacity and temperature, yielding maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of 16.64 mg/g (5-IOT) and 13.68 mg/g (14-IOT) at 288.15 K. Mechanistic investigations combining material characterization and adsorption modeling identified ion exchange as the predominant interaction mechanism. Notably, trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were released during leaching tests, with concentrations consistently below environmental safety thresholds. A back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) with optimized architecture (8-11-1 topology) demonstrated high predictive accuracy (MSE = 0.0031, R2 = 0.9907) for adsorption behavior. These findings suggested IOTs as cost-effective, environmentally compatible adsorbents for CIP remediation, offering the dual advantages of pharmaceutical pollutant removal and industrial waste valorization.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 5","pages":"760-760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/5/760/pdf?version=1741169165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}