Water SA最新文献_第6页

A preliminary fish survey of the estuaries on the east coast of South Africa, Mpande to Mtentwana: a comparative study 对南非东岸Mpande至Mtentwana河口的初步鱼类调查:比较研究

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3944

N. James, Td Harrison

{"title":"A preliminary fish survey of the estuaries on the east coast of South Africa, Mpande to Mtentwana: a comparative study","authors":"N. James, Td Harrison","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3944","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary ichthyofaunal and physico-chemical survey of estuaries on the east coast of South Africa from the Mpande Estuary to the Mtentwana Estuary was undertaken between November 1997 and January 1998. Sixteen estuaries were surveyed along this stretch of coastline and these were grouped into three estuary types: small (< 10 ha) predominantly closed estuaries, moderate to large (> 10 ha) predominantly closed estuaries and predominantly open estuaries. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences between the three groups in terms of both their physico-chemical characteristics (small predominantly closed estuaries were different from predominantly open estuaries) and their fish communities (all three estuary types were significantly different). The estuaries in the study area fall within the subtropical/warm-temperate transition-zone and north of the subtropical/warm-temperate biogeographic break; tropical species dominated the fish communities of all the estuaries in terms of numbers of species and biomass. This survey represents one of the few fish surveys undertaken along this little-studied section of the coastline.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79369253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

South Africa needs a hydrological soil map: a case study from the upper uMngeni catchment 南非需要一份水文土壤地图:uMngeni上游集水区的案例研究

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3977

JJ van Tol, GM van Zijl

{"title":"South Africa needs a hydrological soil map: a case study from the upper uMngeni catchment","authors":"JJ van Tol, GM van Zijl","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3977","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate hydrological modelling to evaluate the impacts of climate and land use change on water resources is pivotal to sustainable management. Soil information is an important input in hydrological models but is often not available at adequate scale with appropriate attributes for direct parameterisation of the models. In this study, conducted in three quaternary catchments in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, three different soil information sets were used to configure SWAT+, a revised version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The datasets were: (i) the Land Type database (currently the only soil dataset covering the whole of South Africa), (ii) disaggregation of the Land Type database using digital soil mapping techniques (called DSMART), and (iii) a dataset where DSMART were complemented by field observations and interpretations of the hydropedological behaviour of the soils (DSMART+). Simulated streamflow was compared with measured streamflow at three weirs with long-term measurements, and the impact of the soil datasets on water balance simulations was evaluated. In general, the simulations were acceptable when compared to other studies, but could be improved through calibration and including small reservoirs in the model. The DSMART+ dataset yielded more accurate simulations of streamflow in all three catchments with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies increasing by between 9% and 67% when compared to the Land Type dataset. The value of the improved soil maps is, however, highlighted through the enhanced spatial detail of streamflow generation mechanisms and water balance components. The internal catchment processes are represented more accurately, and we argue that South Africa needs a detailed hydrological soil map for effective water resource management.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Environmental regulatory awareness of freshwater recreational bank anglers in South Africa 南非淡水休闲银行垂钓者的环境监管意识

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3986

A. Joubert, FP Retief, N. Smit, RC Alberts, V. Wepener, C. Roos

{"title":"Environmental regulatory awareness of freshwater recreational bank anglers in South Africa","authors":"A. Joubert, FP Retief, N. Smit, RC Alberts, V. Wepener, C. Roos","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3986","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater recreational angling is growing in popularity internationally. Due to the potential negative environmental impacts, various regulatory systems exist. In South Africa, freshwater recreational angling is regulated through a complex legal framework, consisting of national and provincial legislation dating back to the 1960s. The legislation also relates to historical and current provincial boundaries, adding to the regulatory complexity. Due to this complexity, the question arises whether freshwater recreational bank anglers in South Africa are aware of the regulatory requirements applicable to them. Low levels of awareness could lead to non-compliance, which would suggest an ineffective regulatory system. The aim of this research was thus to determine the environmental regulatory awareness of freshwater recreational bank anglers in South Africa. This was achieved through a literature review of national and provincial legislation, as well as the rules applicable to organised freshwater recreational bank angling. An online survey was completed by 100 members of the South African Freshwater Bank Angling Federation (SAFBAF). The results of the survey indicate that the regulatory awareness of the sample of SAFBAF freshwater recreational anglers is low in certain key areas, such as bag and size limits for specific fish species, catch and release requirements, as well as legal definitions for alien and invasive and TOPS species listings. However, the low level of awareness can be ascribed to the complex regulatory system and not unwillingness of anglers to comply per se. It is recommended that (i) a single consolidated and simplified regulatory system for freshwater recreational bank angling be developed, and (ii) that angling organisational and competition rules be aligned with relevant regulatory requirements, to improve overall awareness and promote higher levels of regulatory compliance.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87845470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Membrane fouling in thermophilic aerobic membrane distillation bioreactor treating hospital wastewater 嗜热好氧膜蒸馏生物反应器处理医院废水的膜污染

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3930

Elif İnce, M. Ince, Handenur Yaşar, Yasin Abdullah Uslu

{"title":"Membrane fouling in thermophilic aerobic membrane distillation bioreactor treating hospital wastewater","authors":"Elif İnce, M. Ince, Handenur Yaşar, Yasin Abdullah Uslu","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3930","url":null,"abstract":"In the membrane distillation bioreactor (MDBR) process, flux increases with increasing feed temperature, but the presence of microorganisms limits the feed temperature. Also, the accumulation of cells and other substances on the membrane surface can affect the efficiency of MDBR. In this study, hospital wastewater was treated by thermophilic activated sludge MDBR. In the MDBR, the initial flux was 7.87 L‧m−2·h−1 and the stable flux was 3.88 L‧m−2·h−1. The particle size, zeta potential and hydrophobicity of the activated sludge in MDBR were 2.25 µm, −14 mV and 24%, respectively. In addition, EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) and SMP (soluble microbial products), having a significant effect on membrane fouling, were determined to be 201.50 mg·L−1 and 669.35 mg·L−1 in MDBR, respectively. Contact angle, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) measurements were also made on a virgin membrane and used membrane. Analysis of EDX, SEM and F-TIR showed that the membrane fouling was caused by CaCO3 and EPS.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81786983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A review of untreated household greywater quality to inform the water saving–risk trade-off in South Africa 对未经处理的家庭灰水质量的审查，以告知南非节水风险权衡

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3946

Heinz Erasmus Jacobs, Nicole Nel, Isobel Brink, Adesola Ilemobade

{"title":"A review of untreated household greywater quality to inform the water saving–risk trade-off in South Africa","authors":"Heinz Erasmus Jacobs, Nicole Nel, Isobel Brink, Adesola Ilemobade","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i4.3946","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in greywater reuse is increasing in South Africa, because of the potential to supplement scarce freshwater resources in the face of increasing demand and aridity. This paper aims to inform the water saving–risk trade-off associated with residential untreated greywater use, through a statistical analysis of greywater quality results as sourced from prior South African studies. Greywater sources included in this review were the bathroom, kitchen, laundry, mixed and general residential sources. Variability in terms of each of the reported physical, chemical and microbiological constituents by source and between result sets was noted. Statistically significant differences were evident between the pH, conductivity and phosphorus values of certain sources. A risk assessment undertaken for each of the constituents revealed further variability. The constituent with the highest number of high-risk samples was total dissolved solids. The relatively high risk and negative consequences in greywater practices in terms of public health, the environment, and infrastructure, given this variability, provide insight into the trade-off with potential water savings. It is recommended that a more nuanced view of the potential potable savings associated with greywater reuse and also improved risk management is required by the user.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82259752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of classic and chemometric methods used for phosphate removal from fresh human urine under optimum conditions 在最佳条件下从新鲜人尿中去除磷酸盐的经典和化学计量方法的比较

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3933

E Öztekin, S Çolak, H İnan

{"title":"Comparison of classic and chemometric methods used for phosphate removal from fresh human urine under optimum conditions","authors":"E Öztekin, S Çolak, H İnan","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3933","url":null,"abstract":"Human urine constitutes 1% of domestic wastewater and can be used to recover nitrogen and phosphorus when collected separately at source. Sustainable nutrient (nitrogen, phosphate, potassium) cycling requires the recovery of these valuable resources from human urine. As nitrogen and phosphorus are valuable nutrients needed for plant growth, these components of urine are an excellent fertilizer. Phosphorus can be applied in natural fertilizers and in addition the pollution load of wastewater treatment plants is reduced. Different nutrient removal and recovery methods from urine have been studied at lab scale, but none so far has reached technological competence and none has been extended to practical use. The focus of this study was to evaluate electrocoagulation as a process for the removal of phosphate from fresh human urine using iron plate electrodes. The effect of pH and current density on phosphate removal was investigated. While determining the optimum conditions for removal, classical and chemometric methods were compared. Using the central composite design (CCD), optimum conditions were determined with only 13 experiments, and time and labour savings were achieved compared to the classical method. Initial pH values and current density were controlled within the range of pH 5–9 and current density 12-40 mA/cm2. From the obtained results, it was found that optimal initial current density is 40 mA/cm2 for both methods, and optimal pH is 7 for the classical method and 6.24 for CCD, which is the natural pH of human urine. Realization of phosphate removal using optimum conditions discovered with CCD, provides savings on experimental effort, time, chemicals and energy consumption, and will contribute to resource recovery, reduction of wastewater load and sustainable fertilizer production.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85893200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Public perception of water re-use: building trust in alternative water sources in Malmesbury, South Africa 公众对水再利用的看法:在南非马姆斯伯里建立对替代水源的信任

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3872

Germaine Owen, Horman Chitonge

{"title":"Public perception of water re-use: building trust in alternative water sources in Malmesbury, South Africa","authors":"Germaine Owen, Horman Chitonge","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3872","url":null,"abstract":"The recent drought in the Western Cape Province in South Africa has been marked as the worst since 1904. The drought impacted severely on the availability of bulk water supply in many parts of the Western Cape Province, particularly the Cape Town Metro and surrounding districts. In order to alleviate water scarcity, wastewater recycling (water reuse) has been identified to have the potential to augment water supplies in the province. This paper argues that although water recycling has the potential to contribute towards alleviating water scarcity, studies have shown that public perceptions greatly influence the outcome of any water recycling scheme. The study collected data using face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, and the application of the Story with a Gap participatory exercise. One of the key findings is that residents have to trust the municipal competencies and systems, and this can be achieved through meaningful engagement between the municipality and residents. We argue that rolling out a water reuse scheme by starting with affluent areas increases the likelihood of acceptance among low-income communities.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80521721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How local communities access, utilise and evaluate inland fisheries, and their influence on fishery conservation status in northern Zimbabwe 当地社区如何获取、利用和评估内陆渔业及其对津巴布韦北部渔业保护状况的影响

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3885

Beaven Utete, Olga Laiza Kupika, Precious Mahlatini, Tapiwa Nyachowe

{"title":"How local communities access, utilise and evaluate inland fisheries, and their influence on fishery conservation status in northern Zimbabwe","authors":"Beaven Utete, Olga Laiza Kupika, Precious Mahlatini, Tapiwa Nyachowe","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3885","url":null,"abstract":"The conservation status of inland fishery resources is vulnerable worldwide, and this threatens the livelihoods of fishing-dependent communities. This case study aimed to: (i) establish the use and perception of fisheries and ecosystem services by locals, (ii) undertake a monetary valuation of the fisheries, (iii) determine the potential threats to the fisheries, and (iv) examine the social drivers and barriers for citizen science involvement. Lastly, (v) we evaluated how the above factors affected the conservation of fisheries at Mushumbi Pools, Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey of 69 households was conducted. Results of the study showed that locals utilised 17 fish species for social, economic, cultural and religious purposes. Locals attach high intrinsic socio-economic value to the fisheries resources and wetland ecosystem services provided by the Mushumbi Pools. Despite the sustained income from fisheries, the local market in Mushumbi Pools is actually undervaluing fisheries resources, as the fish prices in the area are very low compared to standard market prices countrywide. A larger proportion of the respondents (65%) cited poor land-tilling practices, heavy application of agropesticides and use of unsustainable fish harvesting methods as the main threats to fish diversity in Mushumbi Pools. Relaxed fishing concessions for women and children in specific fishing zones were key drivers for community participation in fisheries conservation. However, strict enforcement of fishing bans in breeding and nursery zones and restricted access to some parts of the Mushumbi Pools were the main barriers for local involvement in the conservation of fisheries resources. Without the fishing community’s participation there is no guaranteed sustainability of the fishery resources in the pools. Legitimising community access, ensuring fair valuation and utility rights is a key driver for successful management of inland fisheries resources in Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91251246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of the discharge coefficient of labyrinth weirs with asymmetric cycles 非对称循环迷宫堰流量系数的试验研究

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3911

Hossein Elahifar, Omid Tayari, Najme Yazdanpanah, Mehdi Momeni

引用次数: 0

Optimization, characterization and adsorption properties of natural calcite for toxic As(III) removal from aqueous solutions 天然方解石去除水中有毒砷(III)的优化、表征及吸附性能

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学

Water SA Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3909

K. H. Shah, M. Fahad, Z. Ghazi, Sajjad Ali, Asim Shahzad, Salah ud Din

{"title":"Optimization, characterization and adsorption properties of natural calcite for toxic As(III) removal from aqueous solutions","authors":"K. H. Shah, M. Fahad, Z. Ghazi, Sajjad Ali, Asim Shahzad, Salah ud Din","doi":"10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2022.v48.i3.3909","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of natural (N) and magnetized (M) forms of different rocks (calcite and dolomite) and clays (bentonite, kaolinite, and hematite) were evaluated for the removal of As(III) from aqueous solutions, in order to optimize and scrutinize the most suitable adsorbent. The order observed for efficiency of As(III) removal was N-calcite > N-dolomite > M-calcite > M-dolomite > N-bentonite > M-bentonite > M-kaolinite > N-kaolinite > M-hematite > N-hematite. On the basis of this analysis, natural calcite was further selected for in-depth analysis of various adsorption parameters such as time, pH, temperature, dosage, and concentration of As(III) ions. An excellent adsorption capacity of 19.05 mg‧g−1 was displayed by calcite for As(III), which was significantly higher than that previously reported for other studies. The characterization of adsorbent calcite was performed by various analytical techniques:XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TG/DTA and PZC. The kinetic investigation revealed that the adsorbent successfully removed over 98% of As(III) from aqueous solution after 160 minutes of equilibration time. The adsorption data was well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model and fairly described by the pseudo-second-order mechanism. The mean energy of adsorption (E) determined from the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model was less than 8 kJ‧mol-1 , which indicates a physical adsorption process. The calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption of As(III) by calcite is endothermic, favourable and spontaneous.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81815438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1