Water Environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Spatial distribution of health risk assessment of a drinking water reservoir exposed to urban agglomeration and industrial lead contamination in Istanbul, Türkiye.","authors":"Hüseyin Cüce, Erkan Kalipci, Fikret Ustaoğlu, Mehmet Ali Dereli, Seda Alkaya, Aysun Türkmen","doi":"10.1002/wer.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Ömerli Dam, supplied by multiple rivers that provide a major amount of Istanbul's water demands for drinking and irrigation, is experiencing toxicological threats due to rapid expansion, increased industrial activity, and population growth in light of the impending global drought. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis and spatial distribution based on geographic information system (GIS) was used to examine the status of pollution and health risk, irrigation water quality, and stochastic geo-environmental risk sources of 16 potentially toxic elements (PTEs: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations from samples in the dam. Also, spatial analyzing of quality indices was used to assess the dam's feasibility for irrigation and drinking. As per the results of the study, the dam water has mild heavy metal (loid) pollution, which is measured at 16 PTE by the heavy metal (loid) pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal (loid) evaluation index (HEI) values. The pollution level is low during the rainy season and moderate during the dry season. The water at sampling station S3 (HPI = 146.50) is unfit for consumption and cannot be used for drinking. The majority of harmful metal species exhibited elevated concentrations (notably Pb: 51.78 μg/L, Cr: 8.55 μg/L) in the dam lake water, particularly during the dry season. The toxic metals Pb and Cd account for 15.95% of the total variance, with a high degree of loading. Lead concentrations were found to be above WHO and USEPA limit values only in S2 and S4 during the wet season, but above 0.01 mg/L in all stations except S1 during the dry. Dam water is acceptable for agricultural use, according on the results of the, sodium absorption rate, the percentage of Na and the magnesium damage index, average SAR < 0.9, Na% < 25, and MH < 50, respectively. HQ_ingestion and HI values (all less than 1 in all PTEs) indicate that noncarcinogenic impacts might occur. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Ömerli Dam provides most of the drinking and potable water needs of a mega city like Istanbul. With this study, toxic metal pollution of dam surface water and its possible effects on human health were analyzed for the first time on a spatially wide scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization, distribution, and risk assessment of microplastic in fish and sediment from the longest river of Bangladesh.","authors":"Shahrima Siddiqa, Sneha Gautam, Shamima Akther Eti, Fatima Khatun, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman, H M Solayman, Azrina Abd Aziz, Badiuzzaman Khan","doi":"10.1002/wer.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) are among the most common pollutants in aquatic habitats because they may develop to high densities and can interact with both the abiotic and biotic environments. There is less information available on microplastics in the freshwater systems than there is in the marine environment. This study aims to shed light on the abundance and spatial distribution of microplastics in the Brahmaputra River (Mymensingh) through the utilization of the wet peroxide oxidation isolation technique, supplemented with sodium chloride, to examine fish and sediment specimens collected between December 21, 2022 and January 12, 2023. A total of 26 and 189 microplastic particles were identified in the fish and sediment samples, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) concentrations in fish gut ranged from 0.5 ± 0.7 to 1.67 ± 0.58 MPs individual^-1. The most prevalent shape found in fish stomachs was fiber (46%), and the most common color was transparent (32%). Sizes 0.5-1 mm (1.6 ± 0.74) had the most microplastics. This study found that fishes from the demersal (3.25 ± 1.7) zone had more MPs than the benthopelagic (2.5 ± 0.58) and pelagic (1.5 ± 0.7) zones. Omnivorous fishes (54%) consumed more microplastics than carnivorous (31%, 2.6 ± 0.58) and herbivorous fishes (15%,1.33 ± 0.94). Microplastic consumption had a moderate correlation with fish body weight (r = 0.34), length (r = 0.46), and gastrointestinal content (r = 0.45). The MPs per kilogram of Brahmaputra River bed sediment ranged from 8 to 31, with a mean abundance of 18.9 ± 7.01 particles kg^-1. The most common shape identified in this study was fragments (52%) and 33% of sediment microplastics were blue in color. Microplastics were most abundant in the 1-3 m-meter size class. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that polypropylene (PP) was the most prevalent MP in both fish (34%) and sediment (40%) samples. In this study, the Pollution load index (PLI) for each sampling site is <10, with the highest value found for station 2(1.97 ± 0.49), regarded as risk category I. This study's results will be useful for future research on microplastics in freshwater environments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Abundance and distribution of microplastics were determined from the longest river of Bangladesh. The structural properties of microplastics were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Pollution load index (PLI) of microplastics was investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal and aromatic plants assisted bioremediation of ammonical and bacterial contaminants in aquaponics water.","authors":"Kalpana Arambam, Kishore Kumar Krishnani, Rajkumar Debarjeet Singh, Ajit Kumar Verma, Kaushik Banerjee, Thongam Ibemcha Chanu, Neeraj Kumar","doi":"10.1002/wer.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to examine the effect of sixteen medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), namely Aloe barbadensis, Cymbopogen citratus, Bacopa monnieri, Senna sigueana, Plantado ovata, Asparagus racemosses, Phylanthus emblica, Vitex negundo, Cammiphora wightii, Cymbopogon martini, Andrographis paniculate, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Gymnema sylvestre, Centella asiatica, Adhatoda vasica, and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba in the removal of total ammonia-N (TAN) from aquaponics water. The different dried and grounded MAPs were added @ 100 mgl^-1 into individual conical flasks containing 100 ml aquaponics water (spiked with 5 mgl^-1 ammonia) and placed in a shaker. The effectiveness of different MAPs in removing TAN was evaluated at 24 hrs intervals until one of the MAPs achieved a removal rate of over 80%. The study also investigated their potential activity against fish bacterial pathogens viz. Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar well diffusion method. The study indicates a negligible removal of TAN in the first twelve hours for all the MAPs. TAN concentration significantly reduced from 24 hrs for amla-treated water followed by satavari-treated water. Within 96 hrs., amla, satavari, and jalbrahmi removed 88.13 ± 0.81%, 79.52 ± 2.27%, and 77.22 ± 0.70 of TAN respectively. Other MAPs showed little effectiveness in removing ammonia, while cluster beans and ardushi increased the ammonia level in the water. Additionally, the methanol extract of amla exhibited strong antibacterial activities against all tested pathogens especially, against E. tarda. This study suggests the potential application of a MAP-based One-Health approach for mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses in aquaculture. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Evaluated 16 different medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) for their ammonia removal activity from aquaponics water. Amla treated water showed the highest ammonia removal followed by Satavaari and Jalbrahmi. Cluster beans and Ardushi treated water resulted in increasing ammonia levels due to their high nitrogen contents. Methanolic extract of amla showed bactericidal activity against fish pathogens Edwardsiella tarda, E. coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, A. hydrophila, and S. aureus. Potential applications in developing aquaponics production system of fish with medicinal plants through nutrient cycling and water recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron-lanthanum-doped foam glass adsorbent.","authors":"Yuzu Katsuura, Satoshi Asaoka, Kazuhiko Takeda, Shinya Nakashita, Kodai Hayashi, Kazuya Tanaka, Yasuhiro Inada, Tetsuji Okuda","doi":"10.1002/wer.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to develop an adsorbent for phosphate using iron-lanthanum-loaded foamed glass recycled from colored glass bottles. The optimal preparation conditions for the adsorbent were 0.1% iron and 1% lanthanum loaded onto the foam glass and calcined at 350°C for 2 h. Adsorption kinetics for phosphate onto the adsorbent were fitted to pseudo-second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was identified as chemisorption, which occurred due to ligand exchange. The adsorption isotherm for phosphate on the adsorbent was expressed as a Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 1.3 mg-P g^-1. The equilibrium constant (3.1 L mg^-1) of the adsorbent was significantly higher than that of previous studies. Hence, the adsorbent developed in this study demonstrated favorable adsorption at low phosphate concentrations, indicating that it can remove phosphate from domestic wastewater and natural water. The adsorbent is a promising and cost-effective phosphate adsorbent that promotes waste glass recycling. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Adsorbent for phosphate using iron-lanthanum-loaded foamed glass recycled from colored glass bottles was developed. The adsorbent demonstrated favorable adsorption at low concentrations of phosphate. The adsorbent is effective in removing phosphate from domestic and natural waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of impact of split treatment on finished water quality for the Ames water treatment plant.","authors":"Nicole Martindale, Timothy G Ellis, Matthew Jacob, Lyle Hammes, Gary Eshelman","doi":"10.1002/wer.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to limited carbon dioxide availability and increasing costs during the COVID-19 pandemic, an investigation into split treatment was performed. A 2020 pilot study showed that a 5% raw water bypass and target caustic alkalinity range of 26-36 mg/L as CaCO₃ resulted in 25% and 7% carbon dioxide and lime savings, respectively. Considering this promising outcome, the potential for scaling and corrosion within the plant was evaluated during a subsequent split treatment trial in this study. Mild steel scale coupons were assessed for scaling and corrosion at four different treatment conditions. These results found that a 5% raw water bypass is predicted to have a minimal impact of scaling and corrosion on the water plant infrastructure when compared to full lime softening. Results are significant since split treatment can save over $150,000 annually with no apparent change in water quality, improving the plant's resilience and sustainability. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A 5% raw water bypass produced scale and corrosion similar to full lime softening. Localized build-up results in surface corrosion. Relocation of SHMP did not show appreciable sequestration of hardness ions. Adjusting dosage and/or using a polyphosphate blend is recommended. A 5% raw water bypass can be implemented at a lime softening facility to reduce chemical usage and cost. A similar procedure can be conducted to analyze the impacts of a larger percent bypass for additional chemical savings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient pretreatment method for analyzing microplastics in urban road dust containing composite materials.","authors":"Kanako Yamamoto, Soyoung Lee, Tomohiro Tobino, Fumiyuki Nakajima","doi":"10.1002/wer.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tire wear particles (TWPs) and road marking paint (RMP) fragments are main sources of composite microplastics (MPs) in urban road dust and contribute significantly to the load of MPs in water environments. However, few studies have investigated the influence of organic decomposition such as cellulolytic enzyme decomposition (EZM) and Fenton (FT), on the abundance and characteristics of composite MPs in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate an organic matter decomposition method suitable for MP analysis using urban road dust containing composite materials, focusing on EZM and FT methods. The EZM has 1.1-4.5 times as high recovery of synthetic polymers as FT based on particle number. The difference in the number of orange particles was thought to be one of the factors behind this. Sodium citrate buffer used in EZM might degrade any components in the RMP-suspected orange particles and reduce the particle density to float in the NaI solution. For black tire-suspected particles, which were detected in large numbers, no significant difference was confirmed between EZM and FT in the number of these particles, but FT methods might affect the proportion of tire material in tire-suspected materials. The EZM method may be useful for quantification of composite MPs and is more suitable for analyzing samples in which there may be many RMP-suspected particles due to the characteristics of the surrounding environment or catchment area. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Tires and road marking paint (RMP) are main sources of composite microplastics (MPs) washed into stormwater from road dust. The cellulolytic enzyme decomposition is useful for analysis of composite MPs and comprehensive understanding of materials in the environment. It is necessary to select an organic matter decomposition method that suits the sample characteristics and research purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a hydrological model for vegetated swales under different rainfall and swale properties.","authors":"Kebir Emre Saraçoğlu, Cevza Melek Kazezyılmaz-Alhan","doi":"10.1002/wer.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming and climate change affect the number and magnitude of flash floods dramatically, which necessitate effective and innovative solutions. Low Impact Development (LID) has gained importance recently in decreasing the negative impacts of floods in urban areas. LID such as swale, bioretention, infiltration trench, and rain garden emerge as an alternative or complementary solution to the traditional infrastructure stormwater drainage systems. Vegetated swales are one of the most common types of LID used for stormwater runoff control. Although existing software programs have recently integrated modules for LID into their modeling and design, they need improvement for accurate simulations of the hydrological behavior of vegetated swales. Therefore, in this study, a mathematical model was developed to simulate vegetated swale hydrology. The model calculates the overland flow over the watershed area, the overflow over the swale surface, and the drainage flow at the bottom of the swale. A large-scale experimental setup called Rainfall-Watershed-Swale (RWS) was employed in developing the mathematical model, and data obtained from the RWS was used to calibrate the model. Results show that the developed hydrological model accurately simulates the hydrological behavior of swales under different rainfall events and swale properties. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A mathematical model was developed to simulate vegetated swale hydrology. Experimental data from the rainfall-watershed-swale system was employed for model development and calibration. The mathematical model effectively calculates the overflow and drainage flow of a vegetated swale. The model provides a practical tool for the design of vegetated swales.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution: Assessing translocation, impact, and mitigation strategies in marine ecosystems.","authors":"Faheem Nawaz, Zia Ul Islam, Sadaf Aslam Ghori, Anila Bahadur, Hamid Ullah, Maqsood Ahmad, Ghulam Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1002/wer.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread presence of plastic debris in marine ecosystems was first highlighted as a serious concern in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1972 London Convention. This realization identified plastic pollution as one of the major global environmental issues. Majorities of plastic debris are neither recycled nor incinerated, as a result, it eventually makes its way into lakes, rivers, and oceans. Analysis of water and sediment worldwide indicates that microplastics and nanoplastic are ubiquitous in soils, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Microplastic and nanoplastics are distributed throughout marine environments via processes such as biofouling and chemical leaching, contaminating both pelagic and benthic species. Despite growing recognition of the hazards posed by microplastics and nanoplastics, regulatory efforts remain hampered by limited understanding of their broader ecological impacts, particularly how diverse factors translate into population declines and ecosystem disruptions. This review examines the pathways of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution, their interactions with other environmental stressors such as climate change and chemical pollution, and their effects on marine food webs. The review highlights the urgent need for further research into the behavior and fate of nanoplastics, which are the degradation product of microplastics, owing to their nano size they pose additional risks, unique properties, and potential for widespread ecological impacts. Studies have demonstrated that smaller microplastics and nanoplastics, particularly nanoplastics, are more toxic than larger microplastics. Additionally, microplastics and nanoplastics serve as vectors for contaminants such as heavy metals, exacerbating their toxicity. They also translocate through marine food chains, posing potential health risks. While evidence of their impact continues to grow, the chronic toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics remains poorly understood, emphasizing the need for further research, particularly at the cellular level, to fully understand their effects on marine ecosystems and human health. This review also concludes with a call for standardized measurement methods, effective mitigation strategies, and enhanced international cooperation to combat this escalating threat. Future research should prioritize the complex interactions between microplastics and nanoplastics, other pollutants, and marine ecosystems, with the ultimate goal of developing holistic approaches to manage and mitigate the impact of plastic pollution. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Microplastic/nanoplastic translocate through marine food webs, affecting species and human health. Nanoplastics are more toxic than microplastics, exacerbating environmental risks. Nanoplastic aggregation influences their distribution and ecological interactions. Future research should focus on nanoplastic behavior, transport, and toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of landfill leachate wastewater by chemical coagulation-flocculation, electro-membrane bioreactor, and anaerobic hybrid system.","authors":"Zeynep Bilici, Abir Hasnaoui, Mustapha Chikhi, Mika Sillanpää, Saleh Al-Farraj, Nadir Dizge","doi":"10.1002/wer.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the treatment of landfill leachate wastewater by chemical coagulation, an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR), and an anaerobic hybrid system was studied. First, chemical coagulation process was applied to landfill leachate wastewater, which is referred to their high organic pollutants. Aluminum sulfate (alum), poly aluminum chloride (PAC), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), and ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) were used as coagulants. After determining the coagulant type, pH optimization (6-10) and the amount of coagulant (0.5-2.5 g/l) was optimized. In the chemical coagulation-flocculation experiments, optimum conditions were determined as 1.0 g/l alum at pH 9. At these conditions, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenolic contents (TPC), and color analyses were examined and 31.16%, 35.32%, and 24.42% removal efficiencies were obtained, respectively. After coagulation-flocculation pretreatment, the e-MBR system was applied to the wastewater to obtain further treatment. Iron (Fe) electrode and ultrafiltration membrane (UP150) were used in the e-MBR system. 5, 10, and 20 V electric current was applied to the system and time-dependent flux measurements were carried out. COD, TPC, and color analyses were performed in both mixed liquor and membrane permeate. The results indicated that over ˃90% removal efficiency for COD, TPC, and color was achieved when the electric current increased from 5 to 20 V. In addition, it was also observed that the membrane fouling decreased and the flux increased. Since it still did not meet the discharge criteria, the wastewater obtained from e-MBR treatment was subjected to the anaerobic system. After 10 days of incubation, COD, TPC, and color removal were found to be 99.25%, 100%, and 99.57%, respectively. PRACTIONER POINTS: The treatment of leachate wastewater by chemical coagulation, electro-membrane bioreactor, and anaerobic hybrid system was studied. Optimum conditions were determined as 1 g/l alum at pH 9 for chemical coagulation. It was observed that the membrane fouling decreased and the flux increased. COD, color, and TPC removal efficiency were found to be 99.5%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes with probable health threats in a semiarid river basin of South India.","authors":"Meera Rajan, D Karunanidhi, B Gurugnanam, T Subramani","doi":"10.1002/wer.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the semiarid river basin of south India, the present study focuses on the appropriateness of water for drinking and irrigation as well as the risks to human health posed by pollutants. A total of 68 groundwater samples were evaluated for irrigation and consumption purposes. With a high electrical conductivity peaking at 3430 μS/cm and an alkaline composition, the groundwater has a high salinity and poor water quality. Durov's figure displays a trend along the dissolution or mixing line and identifies the geochemical facies of groundwater samples. According to water quality indexes, the majority of samples are categorized as unfit for human consumption (26.47%), extremely bad (36.76%), and poor (26.47%). According to elemental concentrations, the data are grouped into three clusters using hierarchical cluster analysis. According to the geographical distribution, nitrate levels are safe over about 320.25 km² and dangerous over about 121.10 km², whereas fluoride levels are safe over about 293.92 km² and dangerous over about 147.43 km². About 50.65 km², 14.70% of the samples, fell into the no restriction category for irrigation, indicating acceptable standards. Low sodium levels in soils are indicated by parameters like SAR, %Na, PI, RSC, MR, and KR; SAR values fall into the C2S1, C3S1, and C4S1 categories. According to Doneen's diagram, 70.5% of samples had a PI >75, indicating suitability; the Wilcox diagram classified 22.05% of samples as excellent and 69.11% as good to permissible for irrigation. According to human health risk assessment, 75% of babies, 63% of children, 75% of teens, and 54% of adults have THI values >1 for fluoride. About 45% of newborns, 42% of kids, 45% of teenagers, and 29% of adults are at risk for nitrate. Infants, kids, and teenagers are at the danger. In order to safeguard human health against fluoride and nitrate, the study emphasizes the necessity of efficiently managing groundwater resources, lowering agricultural pollution, and assuring clean drinking water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: In the area, 79.25 km² has good drinking water quality based on DWQI. Based on IWQI, 70.33 km² area is recognized as suitable for agricultural practices. Geogenic and anthropogenic activities contribute to fluoride and nitrate pollution in water. Based on THI, infants and children are more prone to fluoride and nitrate contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}