Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Totally Implantable Hearing Devices","authors":"S. Raghunandhan, M. Kameswaran, B. Hathiram, V. Khattar","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1027","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing aids are the principal means of auditory rehabilitation for patients with moderate to severe sensori-neural hearing loss. Although technical improvements and modifications have improved the fidelity of conventional aids, hearing aids still have many limitations including the inherent self consciousness and social stigma attached to visible hearing aids. The recently introduced totally implantable hearing aids offer patients with hearing loss several potential advantages over conventional hearing aids. This article reviews the indications, surgical procedure, advantages and the current status of totally implantable hearing devices.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134359548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Verbal Therapy","authors":"Jaspal Chowdhry, B. Hathiram, V. Khattar","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1030","url":null,"abstract":"Hearing impairment is called the invisible disability but it impacts on every facet of life for a child and their family. Considering the wide ranging impacts of hearing impairment on young children and their parents, the earlier the hearing loss can be diagnosed the better. Early identification and intervention during the critical early learning years, has been proven to be crucial to the child’s development of speech and language. Today, majority of children with hearing impairment have the potential to access all the sounds of spoken language through listening alone, because of new technology developments. “What has happened in the field of hearing is revolutionary”1 Recent scientific advances in amplification and cochlear implant technology can provide great potential listening opportunities to children with profound hearing loss. Because of these improvements in hearing devices, more and more babies and children with hearing loss, have access to sounds as never before. Never before has there been such potential for children who are born deaf or hard of hearing or who acquire deafness in early childhood. Most of these children can learn to listen to their own voices, listen to the voices of others and listen to the sounds of life.2 With this new population of babies and young children, we can work from a developmental and preventive prospective rather than from a remedial and corrective one. “AVT is natural companion of such technology”.4 Crucial to effective early intervention is effective audio logic management. Once a child’s hearing loss is identified, they need to be fitted with appropriate hearing aids as soon as possible so that they can access their residual hearing with the right hearing device. Then the child needs to learn to listen and make use of the hearing signals that they receive.6 You can not just put on hearing aids on a hearing impaired child and expect him to hear and speak. Simply providing hearing devices does not mean the sound will be perceived or interpreted. The child needs to learn to listen and understand through these devices.7 They need to learn that sound has meaning and is related to all that is going on around them. It is important to remember that access to sound does not automatically mean that speech and language will develop.8 Appropriate teaching is essential. “Technology and medical devices only give children access to hearing. Whether the children learn to use this hearing depends on the therapy that they receive, once they have been given this hearing potential” Judith Simser.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123920096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vibrant Soundbridge","authors":"A. Pusalkar, B. Hathiram, V. Khattar","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"506 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133178659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Fungal Rhinosinusitis","authors":"B. Hathiram, V. Khattar, M. Maharashtra","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1010","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal rhinosinusitis is on the rise. Most current treatment protocols for fungal rhinosinusitis include surgery combined with medical therapy. Endoscopic sinus surgery has revolutionized the management of this disease limiting the use of the open surgical approaches to very extensive cases with orbital, soft tissue or intracranial involvement by invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. A regular and thorough follow-up is mandatory in all cases to check for recurrences. This article discusses the various forms of fungal rhinosinusitis and their surgical management.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121426586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungus Balls of the Paranasal Sinuses","authors":"B. Hathiram, V. Khattar, Vicky S Hathiram Khattar Bachi T","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1004","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal balls are extramucosal collections of fungal elements, usually localized to a single sinus cavity, commonly the maxillary sinus. They are usually of the noninvasive variety, and commonly seen in immunocompetent hosts. Occasionally a waning of the immunity can cause them to turn invasive. Much controversy exists regarding its management – medical as well as surgical. Endonasal evacuation of the involved sinus is usually all that is required to manage this condition.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Medical Mycology of Fungal Rhinosinusitis","authors":"S. Chatterjee, A. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1001","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) refers to a spectrum of disease ranging from benign colonization of the nose and sinuses by pathogenic fungi to acute invasive and fatal inflammation extending to the orbit and brain. FRS is classified into two categories: invasive and noninvasive. Invasive FRS may again be subcategorized into acute invasive (fulminant) FRS, granulomatous invasive FRS, and chronic invasive FRS; while noninvasive FRS is subcategorized into localized fungal colonization, sinus fungal ball and eosinophil related FRS (including allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis). This classification is not without controversies, and intermediate and semi-invasive forms may also exist in particular patients. Acute invasive FRS is an increasingly common disease worldwide among the immunocompromised patients and caused most frequently by Rhizopus oryzae, and Aspergillus spp. Granulomatous invasive FRS has mostly been reported from Sudan, India, and Pakistan and is characterized by noncaseating granuloma formation, vascular proliferation, vasculitis, perivascular fibrosis, sparse hyphae in tissue, and isolation of A. flavus from sinus contents. Chronic invasive FRS is an emerging entity occurring commonly in diabetics and patients on corticosteroid therapy, and is characterized by dense accumulation of hyphae, occasional presence of vascular invasion, sparse inflammatory reaction, involvement of local structures, and isolation of A. fumigatus. While localized fungal colonization describes the most benign of all fungal sinusitis in the superficial nasal crusts, sinus fungal ball is a dense mycetoma like aggregate of fungal hyphae in diseased sinuses. Common in southern Europe, especially France, majority of them are sterile on culture while 30-50% may yield Aspergillus spp. The definitions and pathogenesis of the group of syndromes in eosinophil related FRS (AFRS, EFRS) are contentious and a matter of intense research among otolaryngologists, pathologists, immunologists and microbiologists. While dematiaceous fungi are the foremost initiators of these syndromes in the west, Aspergillus flavus is the predominant pathogen in India and the Middle-East.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116176001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Therapy for Fungal Rhinosinusitis","authors":"V. Khattar, B. Hathiram, M. Maharashtra","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1009","url":null,"abstract":"Medical therapy forms an important modality in the management of fungal rhinosinusitis. This essentially comprises of topical as well as systemic antifungals, steroids or both, depending upon the nature of the disease. The drugs may need to be started preoperatively in some conditions, but it is essentially the postoperative management which is vital to prevent recurrences, and may sometimes continue for months. Discussed here are the various forms of fungal rhinosinusitis and their proposed regimens.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125655345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saprophytic Mycotic Infections of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses","authors":"M. Kameswaran, S. Raghunandhan, Vicky S Hathiram Khattar Bachi T","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1003","url":null,"abstract":"The kingdom of fungi is ubiquitous and omnipresent, having prevailed over the tides of time, over numerous decades by adapting to various methods of survival in the susceptible host including humans. Saprophytic fungi derive nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter, with the capacity to flare up in virulence, provided the right opportunity especially when the host immunity is compromised (as in prolonged steroid therapy, diabetes, HIV infection, tissue transplant recipients) or if there is a breech in a vital barrier permitting deeper tissue penetration (postsurgical or post-traumatic). Hence, knowledge about the saprophytic fungal elements dwelling within the nose and paranasal sinuses is paramount for Otolaryngologists worldwide, in order to accurately diagnose and effeciently manage such intriguing cases. This article provides a broad overview of the various opportunistic fungi in rhinology, and highlights the principles of diagnosis and protocols in management.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"456 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123097051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial Extension of Fungal Sinusitis","authors":"N. Shah, Anamika Rathore, Vicky S Hathiram Khattar Bachi T","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1008","url":null,"abstract":"Intracranial extension is the most dreaded complication of fungal sinusitis with high mortality rates. Fungal sinusitis is notorious for insidious and rapid intracranial spread. Therefore the most appropriate approach lies in timely diagnosis and early intervention. With various diagnostic modalities available; like CT scan, MRI, fungal stains, cultures and nasal endoscopy, the diagnosis has become much simpler, nevertheless, a high degree of clinical suspicion is a must. The treatment outcomes have now improved a lot, with the advancement in medical and surgical technology. The new antifungal agents and other drugs have immensely contributed to better results by minimizing the toxic side effects of the traditional drugs and showing better efficacy. The surgical approach, with the advent of endoscopes has led to successful outcomes. Despite this, in about 50% of the cases, since the host is immunocompromised, the prognosis is guarded and mortality rates of approximately 85 to 100% are noted. So, it is very important to treat intracranial extension of fungal sinusitis as a medical and surgical emergency.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115769480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinocerebral Mycosis: Combined Modality Protocol","authors":"A. Gupta, Gopika Kalsotra, Vicky S Hathiram Khattar Bachi T","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10003-1007","url":null,"abstract":"Rhinocerebral mycosis is an invasive fungal infection which occurs primarily in the paranasal sinuses and progresses to involve the brain and/or the orbit. It is commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and can be most effectively treated if diagnosed early, when it is limited to the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Even though it is acceptable that surgical debridement in combination with antifungal therapy can lead to high rate of cure, the surgical approach for intracranial extension is still a subject of debate. Twenty-four cases of rhinocerebral mycosis managed at our institute are discussed, regarding presenting complaints and management.","PeriodicalId":235775,"journal":{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Clinics An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}