UMYU Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants species used by Female in Cosmetic Practices in Katsina City - Nigeria","authors":"Sani Halliru Bawale, Amina Usman Bala","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.033","url":null,"abstract":"Like humanity and civilization itself, the idea of beauty and cosmetics is very old. Beauty is a major obsession among women. They therefore utilize a variety of cosmetics to keep their skin glowing. Elderly women and traditional medicine practitioners (TMP) are increasingly experimenting/using herbs, trees, and shrubs to determine their efficacy for beauty and dermatological care as the demand for plant-based cosmetics rises. The study was aimed at survey of plants and recipes from used by females in Katsina City, of the Northwestern Nigeria. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, 15 (TMP) and 20 Traditional Cosmetic businesses spread over 15 different areas of the city were interviewed between November 2021 and August 2022. The survey resulted in the documentation of seventeen (17) plant species representing fourteen (14) distinct families and seventeen (17) recipes. The most often utilized plants were found to be Lawsonia inermis, Curcuma longa and Allium cepa with a frequency of 12.5, 8.5 and 8% respectively. Tomato and meant leaves each with 2% frequency, were found to be the least frequently used ingredients in recipes. Due to the plants' demonstrated efficacy, as stated by the respondents, adequate recording, conservation, cultivation, and use of these cosmetic plants are required in order to prevent their extinction or threatened status.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123178593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative Growth Responses of Castor (Ricinus communis) and Senna (Senna occidentalis) to Low Dose Zinc (Zn) Spiking of Agricultural Soil in Kano, Northern Nigeria","authors":"Halima Musa Rabiu","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The aim of the research is to assess the viability of castor (Ricinus communis) and senna (Senna occidentalis) plants up to 90 days after planting (DAP) in agricultural soil spiked with different concentration of zinc in the screen house. Agricultural soil was collected from Bayero University Kano, at 11° 98ʹ 32.59″N; 8°42ʹ 43.97″E. Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and exchangeable cations (K + , Ca + , Mg + and Na + ) were determined. Castor and senna were planted in soil spiked with 2 mg/kg, 4mg/kg and 8 mg/kg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) each. Control plants containing only  agricultural soil without spiking with zinc  were added and the set up replicated 4 times. Plant height, number of leaves and root length were assessed at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP). The soil was sandy loam, slightly acidic, C, N, P and K+ had mean values of 0.41%, 0.33 mg/kg, 14.33 mg/kg and 0.39 cmol/kg respectively. There were significantly higher (p<0.05) mean values for height (16.85cm) and root length (17.35 cm) of control castor plants than those treated with zinc at 45 DAP.  At the termination of the experiment (90 DAP), senna plants in control had significantly higher mean values for height (29.5 cm) than all other treatments.  All concentrations of zinc used in this work did not seem to have much negative effects on the vegetative growth of both test plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128390050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Token-based Attendance Management System: A Cheaper and Alternative Means to Managing Records of Lecture Attendance","authors":"Hayat Suleiman Tuge, Armayau Umar Zango, Sadiq Y Abubakar","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.027","url":null,"abstract":"Keeping track of students’ lecture attendance is important as it provides the basis for enforcing the policy of having prerequisite minimum attendance to qualify for examinations. It is equally important to the parents/guardian of the students as they will be in the know of whether or not their wards have been attending lectures or not.  However, taking accurate records of student attendance manually can be tedious. Similarly, deploying attendance machines can be costly. To this end, this paper proposes designing and implementing a token-based attendance management system as an affordable and alternative approach to managing students’ attendance. In the new system, a lecturer simply counts the number of students present in a lecture session and hands them tokens. The students use the tokens to mark their presence.  The system was implemented using Hypertext Markup Language, Twitter Bootstrap, JavaScript, Hypertext Preprocessor, and MySQL. The system was deployed and put to use at Al-Qalam University Katsina. The implication of practice is that the software can be replicated, deployed and used in any academic institution.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133545956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Soil-Transmitted Helminthes (STHs) on nutritional and anemia status in school-aged children in Batagarawa Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Lawal Abdullahi, Alyasa, U. Mi, ita Abba, R.L. Omenesa, Maryam Jibrin Suleiman, Usman Mohammed Murtala","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.010","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition and anaemia in school-aged children, particularly in developing nations, are serious public health issues linked to Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). To determine the prevalence and impacts of STHs on children's nutritional and anaemia status, a across-sectional study involving 320 randomly selected school-aged children aged 5 to 10 years in Batagarawa Local Government Area; Katsina State, Nigeria was conducted. Stool samples were collected and examined for the presence of STHs using the Formal-ether concentration technique. Body mass index (BMI) for age and haematocrit packed cell volume (PCV), respectively, were used to assess the nutritional and anaemia condition of the sampled children. A systematic questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information. Three types of STH were identified, with an overall prevalence of 59.1%. Ascaris lumbricoides was more common (44.7%) than hookworm (29.1%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5%). Location, soil play habits, not washing of hands after defecation, and walking barefoot were significantly associated with STHs (p<0.05). Infected children were more anaemic than the uninfected, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Body mass index (BMI) percentile for age showed that 74.6% of the infected children were thin or under grown. Only 22.2% of the children achieve the normal growth and 3.2% were overweight. This study showed that STHs affected the children nutritional and anaemia status. Therefore, public education, deworming, and further research are encouraged to reduce the impact of STHs infection in the study area","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114797917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Household Fuelwood Consumption as Cooking Energy and the Implications on the Environment: A Case of Vandeikya Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"Vihi Samuel Vihi, Momoh Yakubu Onaivi, Markwin Francis Malel, Chomini Emilia Akunna, Onuwa Godfrey, Selzing, Peter Musa, Ochelle Blessing","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.031","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysed households fuelwood consumption as domestic cooking energy source and the implications on the environment in Vandeikya Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty (240) respondents were selected using multistage sampling procedure to elicit information for the study. Primary data for the study was garnered with the use of structured questionnaires and interview schedule and was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study revealed that the majority (81%) of the household heads were males with a mean age of 40 years. 83% of the respondents were married and had at least one form of education with secondary education having the highest share of 49%. The average household size of the respondents was 7 persons with majority (52%) of them taken to farming as their main occupation The mean monthly income of the respondents was N43,150. Majority (79%) of the respondents use firewood as their main fuel source for cooking which they obtained mostly at no cost from the forests (44%) and their farmlands (37%). The average cost price of a bundle of firewood stood at N200 in the study area while that of kerosene is N750/litre in the study area.  Charcoal is sold at N2500/50kg bag (N50/kg), electricity, N61.5/kwh and gas, N780/kg. The average consumption level of fuelwood by respondents was estimated at 3 bundles daily. The result reveals that lack of cheaper energy alternatives (88%), large family sizes (84%), easy availability (77%) were the main reasons given by the respondents for fuelwood consumption over other sources. The perceived environmental effects of fuelwood utilization were; deforestation (75%), global warming (57%), Indoor and outdoor pollution (53%), and violent windstorms (46%), among others. Marital status, educational status, household size, monthly income and cost of Gas significantly influenced the consumption of fuelwood by households. The study recommends use of alternative and clean energy sources should be encouraged and the corresponding alternative energy technologies made available and affordable to residents to reduce the overreliance of households on the use of traditional energy carriers such as firewood and charcoal, thereby reducing their negative impact on health and environmental degradation. Tree planting campaigns should be embarked upon by both residents and relevant authorities to replenish the depleted forest resources and for their sustainability.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130539727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firm Efficiency and Return to Scale in Layer Production Among Smallholders in Jos-North, Nigeria","authors":"Onuwa, C. Godfrey, Vihi, K. Samuel, Binuyo, Ganiyu, Adedire, Oludare, Owa, T. Grace, Wuyep, Gloria, Dalla, Alexandar","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.032","url":null,"abstract":"Layer production depends on many factors, and it is an excellent source of nutritious animal protein (meat and eggs). Empirical knowledge of the determinants of firm efficiency improves productivity in poultry-egg production systems. Therefore, this study analysed firm efficiency and return to scale in layer production among smallholders in Jos-North, Plateau State, Nigeria. Primary data collected via two-stage cluster sampling were evaluated using descriptive statistics, regression, and elasticity of production analysis. The results revealed that average flock size, feed quantity per cycle, medication cost, labour and capital requirement was 105 birds, 2,750kg, N 17,250, 1095 person-days and ₦330,750, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.768, indicating that variables in the regression model explain 77% of the variation in layer production. Moreover, the coefficient of variables including flock size (-0.446), feed quantity (0.791), medication cost (0.165), labour (0.275) and capital (-0.131) were significant determinants of layer production. The estimate of return to scale was 0.654(ρ<1), indicating decreasing returns. In addition, the major constraints of layer production include the high cost of feeds (91.3%), inadequate capital (80%), disease outbreaks (70.8%) and high medication and equipment costs (61.3%).  This study recommends improved input supply and subsidies; access to farm capital, commodity markets and farm cooperatives; adoption of modern technology, practices and provision of technical support to enhance firm efficiency and optimize productivity.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127194121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding for the Investigation of Groundwater potentials at Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina","authors":"Aliyu Lawal Albaba, Usman Nuraddeen","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.038","url":null,"abstract":"The population of  Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina (the study area) is increasing every session and therefore, sources of safe water in the area is need to be improved; more importantly groundwater. Recently, water supply from Zobe Dam is connected to the study area but still it does not solve the water supply problem; hence other alternative is needed in order to supplement for existing. Various groundwater exploration programs that have been carried out in the study area have not yielded the required results. However, there was no academic research on groundwater in the study area. VES has been carried out in order to investigate groundwater potential, to determine the lithology, the resistivity value associated with the groundwater and prospect locations for groundwater exploration. The ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000 was used and a Schlumberger array was employed to accomplish this task by obtaining resistance of 7 VES points in the study area with a maximum current electrode spacing (AB) of 240 m. The VES data obtained were processed using IPI2Win software. The VES results in correlation with the and borehole log data have revealed that the near-surface materials with resistivity value between about 1 Ωm to 7,985 Ωm is representing 4 to 5 layers consisting of first layer mostly top soil and laterite, having resistivity values between 403 Ωm to 7,985 Ωm with thickness from 0.498 m to 1.21 m; second layer with resistivity values from 43.6 Ωm to 114.4 Ωm having thickness from 1.34 m to 4.71 m interpreted commonly as sandy clay and sandy soil; third layer showing resistivity values between about 1 Ωm to 38.4 Ωm is found to be a saturated layer with water; fourth layer generally indicating weathered basement with resistivity values from about 1 Ωm to 7.57 Ωm having thickness of 36.1 m and or infinite thickness, and fifth layer showing vary low resistivity value with infinite thickness. The result shows that the groundwater exploration should be conducted at VES 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at a depth from about 30 m to 50 m revealing low resistivity values ranging from 2 Ωm to 391 Ωm however, VES 6 and 7 indicates high resistivity value and therefore poor groundwater potentials.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate and antinutritional analysis of locally produced condiment (Cwande) in Zuru Local Government Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ahmad, Keta, Jibrin Naka, Dharmendra Singh, Hassan, S.R.","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.041","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyse the proximate and anti-nutritional components of Cwande in Zuru Local Government, Kebbi State. Five (5) samples in four (4) collection areas were collected and transported to Botany Laboratory Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero for analysis. The proximate and antinutrient parameters were analysed using the recommended AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) techniques. The results of the study showed that Cwande had high protein content (37.29±0.50%), followed by moisture (32.07±0.58%), fibre (14.80+3.06%), carbohydrate (7.62+0.81%), lipid (5.18+0.52%) and ash (3.02+1.76%). While the results of anti-nutritional composition showed that Cwande had high phytate composition (5.76 + 0.72) followed by saponins (5.51 + 0.61), cyanide (4.76 + 0.28) and oxalate (4.03 + 0.20). From these findings, it was discovered that Cwande condiments locally produced by Zuru people have good nutritional profile levels. However, the level of anti-nutrient contents in Cwande condiments is reduced. Further studies should be carry out to know the incidence of microbial flora of Cwande and also the toxins substances known to cause harmful effects to humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124614714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Staff of Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau State on the Knowledge of Terms and Concepts used in Plant Nursery","authors":"Emmamoge Orewere, Ogenyi Ruth Ajibola, O. Dogun","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.011","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge of staff of Federal College of Forestry, Jos towards plant nursery terms and concepts (Horticultural terms and services). The research design is descriptive and utilized structured questionnaires and observation techniques to obtain primary data from respondents. A total of 165 questionnaires were distributed and 140 were retrieved representing 84.84% used for final analysis. The retrieved questionnaires were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicated that respondents often visit the plant nursery for different purposes and are aware of the plant nursery terms and concepts. The study revealed that age, gender, education level and discipline of respondents have no significant influence on the level of awareness of plant nursery terms and concepts. Based on the findings of this survey, it is recommended that conducting more focused employee awareness and presentation programs, especially on newly introduced plant terminology and concepts, will help enhance staff knowledge.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Three-Tube Scheme for Same-Day Presumptive Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Clinical Specimens","authors":"Bashir Ismail Olawale, Ayokunu Akinyemi Odewumi, Sanusi Magaji, H. Tahir","doi":"10.56919/usci.1122.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.006","url":null,"abstract":"A three-tube scheme that comprised a urease tube, motility tube and a gluconate-nitrate composite medium tube was evaluated for its reliability in correctly predicting the identity of Klebsiella pneumoniae after six hours of incubation. A total of 33 strains were used to assess the scheme, of which 17 were laboratory stock cultures, 14 were fresh clinical isolates, and two were environmental isolates from soil samples. The three tubes were heavily inoculated to give a density approximating McFarland No. 7 turbidity standard, which is roughly equivalent to a bacterial suspension with a concentration of 21 x 108 organisms/ml. The three-tube scheme identified all the five strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae tested correctly, but it was only able to accurately identify 23 out of 28 strains that were not Klebsiella pneumoniae. The scheme falsely identified five test strains that were not Klebsiella pneumoniae. The scheme had a sensitivity of 100 %, a specificity of 82.1 %, a positive predictive value of 50 % and a negative predictive value of 100 %. The scheme should perform better if the distinctive colonial characteristics of isolates on MacConkey agar were considered when predicting making prediction about identity, and a stricter interpretation of the results provided by the scheme was adopted.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121411606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}