UMYU Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> Leaf Extracts: <i>In Silico</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluations","authors":"Khalid Audu Musari, Zubairu Darma Umar, Kamaluddeen Kabir","doi":"10.56919/usci.2544.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2544.015","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, necessitated by the rise of multidrug-resistant \"superbugs\" and a lack of new antibiotic discovery. Plant-derived phytochemicals, particularly from Azadirachta indica (neem), offer a promising reservoir of bioactive molecules with broad-spectrum therapeutic potential. This study aimed to characterize the bioactive profiles of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts and evaluate their therapeutic potential against viral, bacterial, and fungal targets. Dried A. indica leaves were processed into powder and subjected to three-day maceration in methanol and water. Phytochemicals were identified through qualitative screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) using a SHIMADZU GCMS-QP2010 PLUS system. Pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-likeness were predicted via SwissADME and ADMETLab 3.0. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock Vina against nine pathogenic targets, while in vitro efficacy was determined through well/disk diffusion and MIC/MBC/MFC assays. The aqueous extract provided a significantly higher yield (10.78%) than the methanolic extract (10.58%, p = 0.013). GC-MS identified 17 compounds in the methanolic extract (linoleic acid dominant) and 21 in the aqueous extract (oleic acid dominant). Molecular docking revealed that Methyl linolelaidate had the highest affinity for HIV Reverse Transcriptase (-6.9 kcal/mol), while Monopalmitin and Linoleoyl chloride showed strong binding to fungal and bacterial targets (-6.0 kcal/mol). Antimicrobial testing confirmed concentration-dependent activity, with the methanolic extract achieving a 15.6 mm zone of inhibition against S. epidermidis. ADMET analysis identified monopalmitin, resorcinol, and methyl caprate as the most viable drug candidates. A. indica is a potent source of bioactive molecules capable of disrupting microbial membranes and inhibiting key enzymes. While the findings support the therapeutic potential of these compounds, predicted nephrotoxicity for methyl vaccenate and methyl caprate underscores the need for further experimental validation to ensure clinical safety.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"4 4","pages":"174-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://publications.umyu.edu.ng/scientifica/index.php/usci/article/download/562/691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithological and Structural Mapping of Basement Rock Units in the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex, Nigeria","authors":"Nana Fatima Abdulmalik, Ahmed I. Isiaka","doi":"10.56919/usci.2434.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.016","url":null,"abstract":"The lithological and structural architecture to unravel the compositions and tectonic evolution of the Nigerian Basement Complex has not been fully documented by geoscientists. As such, this research aimed to investigate the lithological and structural characteristics of the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex. Detailed petrographic and field analysis reveals the prevalence of gneiss and granite lithologies characterized by significant structural features such as fractures, folds, and foliations. These findings offer new understandings of the tectonic evolution of the region. The study area mapped is the Ikara Sheet 103 Federal Survey Topographic Sheet to a scale of 1:100,000. The major lithological units underlying the study area are gneisses and granites. However, these major rock types have varieties, namely migmatitic gneiss, granite gneiss, migmatitic (augen) gneiss, porphyroblastic gneiss, medium to coarse-grained granites, and porphyritic granites. These rock types were intruded by quartzites, pegmatitic dykes, quartz, and aplite veins. Rock samples were observed and studied based on their mineralogical composition, color, and texture. The results of the petrographic analysis showed that the rocks are mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase feldspars, alkali feldspars, mica (biotite and muscovite), hornblende, garnet, and accessory minerals like zircon and magnetite. Geological structures were also observed during the field study, namely fractures (joints and fractures), foliations, lineations, veins, dykes, and various landforms. Photomicrographs from thin section analyses revealed micro-structures like myrmekites, micro-folds, and micro-fractures were also observed. Mineralization such as amethyst and cassiterite were hosted by quartz veins and pegmatites in porphyritic granites, respectively. A litho-structural map was produced, exhibiting the lithological units and regional structures cross-cutting the area of research.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"3 4","pages":"182-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://publications.umyu.edu.ng/scientifica/index.php/usci/article/download/187/407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectricity Generation from Microbial Fuel Cell utilizing Sewage Wastewater and Cow Urine from Dutse Metropolis Jigawa State","authors":"Aisha Buhari Salisu, Hindatu Yusuf, Shiaka Gimba Peter, Haris Garba Nura, Sadiq Haruna, Zainab Abdulsalam Jamilu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.007","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are technologies that directly transform chemical energy into electrical energy by oxidizing organic matter using bacteria as biocatalysts. MFCs offer a potential technology for converting wastewater into useful energy source and at the same time serve as wastewater treatment facilities. This makes it superior to other wastewater treatment methods. This study focused on the utilization of MFCs to generate bioelectricity from sewage wastewater using cow urine as inoculum and identify the bacteria colonizing the anode electrode. The experiment were conducted using two-chambered MFC constructed using locally sourced materials. Wastewater was characterized using standard methods. The characteristics of the sewage wastewater are: 680 mg/L Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), 457 mg/L Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD) and pH of 7.4. The maximum voltage, power and current density obtained were 196 mV, 18.26 mW/m2 and 97 mA/m2 respectively. The MFC shows a reduction in COD value by 82 % (680mg/L initial and 120 mg/L final).The identification of the anodic biofilms showed the presence of Bacillus spp and klebsiella spp based on their microscopic and biochemical characterization. The results of this study can contribute to improve understanding and optimizing electricity generation in MFC, Further study would be conducted in order to identify the microorganisms at molecular level.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Bioresource Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) in Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"Musa Adamu Ibrahim, Musa Ibrahim, Ahmed Abbator, Sulaiman Auwal, Abdulwakil Olawale Saba","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.009","url":null,"abstract":"Lemna minor L. (Arales: Lemnaceae) is a small, delicate, free-floating aquatic plant that grows mostly in a nutrient-enriched environment. It has wide applications in agriculture and biosciences. This study evaluated the physicochemical factors affecting the distribution, biomass, and proximate composition of L. minor in waterways within Maiduguri metropolis, northeastern Nigeria. Duckweeds were sampled with a quadrat (25 × 25 cm) along imaginary transect lines from different areas of the metropolis between the early hours of 9:00 and11:00 a.m. in December 2021. Some physicochemical parameters of the sites were measured. Proximate composition and biomass were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PC1, PC2, and PC3 explained 79.2% of the variation. The strongest positive correlations were between Mg and alkalinity, while K, Mg, alkalinity and TSS were negatively correlated. Proximate composition indicated 11.4-18.21% crude protein and 45.92-48.47% carbohydrate in the samples. Bray-Curti’s index indicated that duckweeds in the Custom area and Bolori were the most similar (0.99). Samples collected from the Unimaid area recorded the highest wet biomass (5.0 ± 0.2 g/m2), while a sample from Umarari was the lowest (2.24 ± 0.1 g/m2). The physicochemical parameters of the site provided suitable factors for laboratory culture and large-scale production. The findings provide baseline data on the ecology and potential of duckweed as a cost-effective source of crude protein (CP) and other essential nutrients for aquaculture and animal feed, as well as a model plant for aquatic ecology, the environment and biotechnological research. Further studies to explore the applications of L. minor in different fields were recommended.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Screening of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Mechanic Workshops Soil in Gusau Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Aminu Aliyu, M. D. Usman, N. Mohammed, M. A. Ashafa, M. Saidu, A. Umar, C. A. Salim, G. Saifullah, A. Shafi’u, M. Usman, V. C. Ukwaja","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.008","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are molecules that reduce interfacial tension. Their chemical composition can vary widely, but they have in common their amphiphilic or amphipatic nature and can thus be soluble in aqueous as well as in organic solvents. The study was carried out to identify and screen biosurfactant producing bacteria from mechanic workshops in Gusau metropolis. Eight (8) soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-7 and 8-15cm from selected mechanic workshops located at Gada Biyu, Taqama bye-pass, Birnin Ruwa and non-oil contaminated soil as control for analysis. The physicochemical parameters were analysed using standard procedures (blood heamolysis, drop collapse, oil displacement and emulsification index) methods were used to screen biosurfactant production by the isolates. Mineral salt medium supplemented with 1% Actual gasoline oil (AGO) as sole sources of carbon was used to isolate hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, while heterotrophic bacteria were isolated using nutrient Agar. The soil samples from the study area were characterised with smooth, grey to dark brown soil with an unpleasant smell as well as as well as high temperature and pH. The three mechanic workshops used for this study, shows relatively higher counts for Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria while higher heterotrophic bacterial count was obtained from the control site though there was no significant difference between individual mechanic workshop (p>0.05). The isolates are potential biosurfactant producers based on their performance especially blood haemolysis and emulsification index. The isolates identified belonged to the species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Serratia.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of Emergence and Mortality of Sceliphron caementarium (Hymenoptera: sphecidae) as a Result of Parasitoids to Endogenous Factors in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.","authors":"Safiyan Ishaq, Ibrahim Madu Katsallah Gadzama, Kato Ishaya Auta, Basira Ibrahim","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.006","url":null,"abstract":"The nests of Sceliphron caementarium were studied to ascertained the rate of emergence and mortality cause of S. caementarium before emergence. Ten (10) nests of S. caementarium were taken from the various Faculties of Ahmadu Bello University main campus, located in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria and analyzed. The greatest width of the head (GWH) was employed to estimate the size and sex ratio of emerged adult wasps. The nests of S. caementarium collected and examined from the study consists of 1-23 vertically arranged cylindrical allantoid-shaped cells. The average length and width of the male and female wasp cells was (l = 24.8mm, w = 7.0mm) and (l = 25.5mm, w = 7.8mm) respectively. The mean fecundity of the female S. caementarium from the study was calculated at 15.1 eggs per female. The sex ratio of the emerged adult S. caementarium obtained from the nests was 1 male : 1.28 female. With respect to size, the females black-and-yellow mud dauber wasp were observed to be significantly bigger than the males (p < 0.05). The highest rate of Mortality observed in the nest of S. caementarium in the study area was due to an endogenous factor 64.15% (which may be a developmental failure, pathogenic or fungal infection) followed by parasitoids accounting for about 24.52% deaths in the cells and accidental cell damage (11.32%) was the least cause of mortality in the cells.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Radon Concentration in Water Sources in Nigeria and its Impact","authors":"Munirat Bashir, None Kanu, F. C., None Suleiman, I. K.","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.004","url":null,"abstract":"Given the characteristics of radon, people may unwittingly be exposed to radon through water ingestion. Research on radon concentration has increased over the years due to its negative impact on the body being the major causes of lung cancer. This study reviewed twenty (20) journal publications on radon concentration in water sources (such as well, boreholes, stream and taps) in Nigeria from year the 2016 to 2023. The type of sample, sample location, devices used, the range and mean values of radon concentration (RnC) and annual effective dose (AED) were considered. From the reviewed journals, the average values of RnC ranged from 1.9 Bq/L to 88.0 Bq L-1. When compared with WHO and US EPA recommended limits of 100 Bq L-1 and 11.1 Bq L-1 respectively, all reviewed journals recorded average values of RnC below 100 Bq L-1 and 75 % of the reviewed journals recorded average values of RnC above US EPA recommended limit of 11.1 Bq L-1. The mean AED reported is within the range of 0.02 mSv yr-1 and 92 mSv yr-1 with 30 % above the recommended limit of 0.1mSv yr-1. This result shows that the majority of the radon concentration in water sources in Nigeria reported may not pose any immediate health risk. However, there is a need for continuous monitoring and protective measures to be taken.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Prospects of Marketing Nigerian-Made Computer Software: A Study on Attitudes and Marketability.","authors":"Muhammad Muntasir Yakubu, Aminu Muazu Aminu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.005","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with marketing Nigerian-made computer software. Specifically, it aims to explore the negative perception of locally produced goods and the consequent advantage enjoyed by foreign products. Through the analysis of people's attitudes towards Nigerian-made software, the study aims to identify strategies that can enhance its marketability. The study involved the participation of fifty computer science students and lecturers, and the results indicate that persuading organizations to adopt locally produced software is a significant challenge. To promote healthy competition against foreign software, it is necessary to create a conducive environment for Nigerian computer scientists. Additionally, the quality of the software should be ensured with a focus on security, graphics, and user-friendliness. This research has significant practical implications for businesses and offers opportunities for researchers and consultants to delve deeper into the field. Furthermore, the findings of this study can potentially inform academic advancements in this area.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Stream Water in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"Musa Filibus Gugu, Kaneng Nyam Vomagai, Pwajok Yakubu Mwanja, Akwashiki Ombugadu, Victor Ameh Adejoh, Sylvester Akolo Attah","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.002","url":null,"abstract":"Water from selected streams in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State Nigeria was obtained and analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the resistance pattern of the isolates against several antibiotics. A total of 25 stream water samples were collected for testing from five (5) different study sites (Tudu, Mabel, Dairy Farm, Maihakorin Gold and Kuba). Heterotrophic and coliform bacteria were isolated from the samples using 10-fold serial dilution and the pour plate method. The isolated bacteria were Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp., Bacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. Among the eight bacterial isolates, Salmonella spp. was the most frequently occurring bacterium 18(22.8%), followed by E. coli 16(20.3%), while the least occurring bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus 5(6.3%). The highest antibiotic resistance was recorded for Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. against ceftazidime 12(67%), Ampicillin 12 (75%), and ceftazidime 11 (92%), respectively. However, E. coli, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Shigella spp. showed high antibiotic susceptibility against cefuroxime 0(0%) and Gentamicin 0(0%). The results suggests that there are antibiotic resistance bacteria in stream water in Bokkos local government area of Plateau State. Educational awareness regarding the proper use of safe drinking water and the treatment of water before use should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quiescence Raises the Risk of Major Pandemic Outbreaks: Insights from Mathematical Modelling","authors":"Usman Sanusi, Tasiu A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.003","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of quiescence or dormancy periods on the dynamics of infectious diseases and their possible involvement in significant pandemic outbreaks are investigated in this study. By using of simulation and mathematical modelling, we show that quiescence greatly raises the likelihood of widespread pandemics. Quiescent people, who are infected but aren’t actively spreading the disease, build up an undiscovered reservoir that can drive virulent epidemics when the conditions are right for them to change from passive to active infectious states. Insights from this study can help public health efforts to lessen the effects of transmissible diseases with quiescent phases on global health. It also advances our understanding of pandemic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}