UMYU Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"A Survey on Recommendation System Techniques","authors":"John Idakwo, None Joshua Babatunde Agbogun, None Taiwo Kolajo","doi":"10.56919/usci.2322.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2322.012","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of recommender systems (RS) is to analyze user behavior and propose relevant items or services that users would find appealing. Recommender systems have gained significant prominence in various domains such as information technology and e-commerce. They achieve this by customizing recommendations based on individual preferences, efficiently filtering options from a vast pool, and enabling users to discover content that matches their interests. Numerous recommendation techniques have been developed to generate personalized suggestions, including collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, knowledge-based recommendation systems, and other approaches. Furthermore, hybrid recommendation systems have been proposed to address the limitations of individual methods by combining different techniques. This paper presents an overview of diverse recommendation methods, their fundamental approaches, challenges, solution and have equally looked at different solutions to these challenges faced by modern recommender systems. It also recommends promising avenues for future directions.
","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Culture Tank Colours on the Water Quality, Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles","authors":"Akeem Babatunde Dauda, Hafsah Maiazara Adamu, Hauwau SALELE ABUBAKAR","doi":"10.56919/usci.2223.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.003","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted over a period of fifty-six (56) days to investigate the effects of different colours of culture tanks on the water quality, growth, and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. O. niloticus of mean body weight of 8.5g were stocked and fed twice daily with a commercial diet containing 42% crude protein. The experiment had four treatments based on tank colours; white, green, black and blue coloured tanks. Some water quality indices were assessed once in a week while the fish were weighed at the end of the experiment to compute the performance indices. The data were presented using mean and standard error and comparative analysis was done using one way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval with Duncan multiple range test as the follow up test. The water quality parameters examined during the study were not significantly different among the treatments. All the selected water quality parameters were within the acceptable range for tropical fish culture. While there was no significant difference in final weight, weight gain, percentage weight gain, and specific growth rate among the treatments, black tanks showed slightly higher values with 10.89±0.89 g, 2.54±0.94g, 30.47±11.43%, and 0.47±0.16%/day, respectively. Higher feed intake and FCR were recorded in green tank (10.08±0.61 g and 7.92±2.70 respectively) and the least was observed in black tank (9.32±0.12g and 4.23±1.51). The percentage survival of the fish was different significantly among the treatments (P<0.05). Fish reared in white background showed the highest survival (100%) which was different significantly from all other treatments. The blue and black tanks showed slightly higher values of viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index with 7.22±1.00% and 2.02±0.25%, respectively, while black and white tanks had the least values with 4.44±1.11% and 1.64±0.15%, respectively. The results showed that O. niloticus juveniles can be reared in all the tanks with no negative implication on their performances. However, black and white tanks showed better potential towards improved growth and feed utilization, while white tank led to better survival rate and tended towards better well-being as indicated by the skin pigmentation and hepatosmatic index. Therefore, rearing of O. niloticus juvenile in white tank is recommended over other colours.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and protein variations among selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) varieties","authors":"O. Amusa, A. Igbari","doi":"10.56919/usci.2223.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.002","url":null,"abstract":"The study seeks to evaluate the level of genetic diversity among selected cowpea varieties using both phenotypic traits and seed storage proteins. Twenty cowpea varieties were used in the study. They were planted and phenotypically characterized. Seed proteins were evaluated at maturity. There was a high phenotypic variation observed among the selected cowpea with the evaluated phenotypic traits while a low level of variation was observed with protein evaluation. The variation captured by the phenotype (>90%) was higher as compared to the protein (< 30%) analysis in the study. Three major clusters were generated with the majority of the germplasms in cluster III, regardless of whether the phenotype or protein analysis was used. While the variation observed within the phenotypic traits might have been due to environmental influences, the low variation exhibited using seed storage proteins implies a high level of similarity among cowpea samples. Hence, a more stable marker type should be explored to identify the true level of genetic diversity within cowpea germplasm.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on 2-Part Balanced Incomplete Block Design","authors":"Naziru Muhammad, J. Garba, Abdulkarim Muhammad","doi":"10.56919/usci.2223.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.001","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-part Balanced Incomplete Block Designs is a combination of many orthogonal balanced incomplete block designs in the same block. The design has been used to study cancer trials with medical centers as blocks. Various design layouts has been constructed for a restricted number of cancer types and drugs. However, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, and model building for the constructed design layouts have not being considered. Based on the foregoing, we proposed additive model for the design (2-part Balanced Incomplete Block Designs) and estimated its parameters using the least square method. The parameter estimation precipitated to the formation of ANOVA table which paved way for the hypothesis testing procedure.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130308186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Phytochemicals of Azadirachta indica, Nauclea Latifolia, Vernonia ambigua, and Artemisia annua Distillates","authors":"Muhammad Zara, Masanawa Abubakar Aliyu, Abdulazeez Ridwan","doi":"10.56919/usci.1222.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1222.018","url":null,"abstract":"In order to treat a variety of human health issues, plants are a beneficial source for getting numerous pharmacologically active chemicals. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phytochemical constituents of Artemisia annua, Azadirachta indica, Nauclea latifolia, and Vernonia ambigua. The volatile constituents of these plants were extracted using steam distillation. The phytochemical constituents were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using the standard methods. The results of the phytochemical screening show the presence of glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The quantitative Analysis shows that Azadirachta indica has the highest concentration of alkaloid (0.18 mg/mL), flavonoid (0.06 mg/mL), and total phenolic compounds (0.11 mg/mL). It was concluded that the distillates of the plants studied possess significant phytoconstituents. Further study needs to identify relevant compounds from the distillates for a better understanding of their mechanism of actions and activities. Furthermore, toxicology and in vivo studies should performed to deduce the safety of ingesting the distillates.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126707595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The properties of Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull Distribution with Applications","authors":"Bello Olalekan Akanji, Doguwa, Sani Ibrahim, Yahaya Abubakar, Jibril Haruna Mohammed","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.006","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has demonstrated the utility of extending continuous distributions in fitting data of all kinds. This paper proposes the Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull (TIIHLEtW) Distribution as a new distribution. For the Type II Half-Logistic Exponentiated Weibull distribution, we obtain precise expressions for the quantile function, probability-weighted, moments, moments generating function, reliability function, hazards function, and order statistics. The maximum likelihood estimation approach is used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution, and a simulation study is presented. Two real data sets are used to demonstrate the new distribution's applicability and flexibility. The findings indicated that the new distribution is a better fit for the data compared to the other models that were examined. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126128853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Calyx as Dietary Additive on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Haematological Parameters of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings.","authors":"Hauwau SALELE ABUBAKAR, Justina Omolegho Oshoke, Salisu Usman Shehu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.009","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effects of roselle as dietary supplements on the growth performance, nutrients utilization and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings using standard methods and procedures for a period of three months from October to November 2021 in fish research farm of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Renewable natural resources, Federal University Dutsin-ma (FUDMA), Katsina State located along the new market road adjacent Shema filling station at  latitude 120.46’’ and longitude 70..49’’ Dutsin-ma Katsina State. Two hundred Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (4.25±0.13g) were allotted to four diets as treatments in a complete randomized design with roselle as additives at different inclusion levels of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%respectively. Fish fed 0.8% roselle have significantly (p>0.05) higher growth performance and nutrient utilization followed by 0.6%roselle fed fish group, while 0.4%roselle fed fish had the lowest growth performance among treated groups and control. There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in the haematology of C. gariepinus fed different levels of roselle, but highest values for red blood cells (3.10±0.26), haemoglobin (9.63±0.85), packed cell volume (29.0±2.65) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (31.1±1.05) were observed in 0.8% roselle group. Highest mean corpuscular volume (94.4±7.91) and lymphocyte (32.0±4.36) were seen in 0.6% roselle treated group. Highest mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (33.27±0.05) in the control. For differential white blood cell counts, higher neutrophil (71.33±7.03) and basophil (2.3±1.53) were seen in 0.8% g roselle treatment group. Highest mean corpuscular volume (94.4±7.91) and lymphocyte (32.0±4.36) were seen in 0.6% roselle treated group, while the control have highest value for monocyte (4.3±2.52) and eosinophil (2.0±1.00). This study showed that fish fed 0.8% roselle diet had better growth performance, nutrient utilization and haematological parameters and it is therefore recommended for use in fish diet.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122527306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Crude Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus Species Isolated from Nono (Fermented Milk)","authors":"Abbas Ruqayyah, Usman","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.012","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriocins are newly discovered exometabolites of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antimicrobial activity and biopreservative potential; however, studies investigating the potential of LAB from locally fermented milk (Nono) in Northern Nigeria for bacteriocin production and their antimicrobial effects on foodborne pathogenic bacteria are still insufficient. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp isolated from Nono against foodborne pathogens. A total of 30 samples of Nono were purchased from Bayero University Kano old campus and K/Wambai market Kano State. Nono’s physicochemical parameters (pH and Titratable acidity) and Lactic acid Bacteria (LAB) counts were determined according to standard methods. The samples were further screened for Lactobacillus spp based on routine cultural characteristics, general morphological, biochemical tests and API 50CHL techniques. Crude bacteriocins were extracted and evaluated for antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method. The analyses revealed that Nono had pH values ranging from 2.84- 4.08, titratable acidity (1.16- 1.34%) and LAB counts ranged from 8.60x106 – 3.00x108. Thirty – eight (38) Lactobacillus spp based on distinct morphology were isolated from Nono.  The different species of the genus Lactobacillus were identified phenotypically based on their carbohydrates fermentation profiles (API 50 CHL) as Lactobacillus plantarum 1, Lactobacillus fermentum 1 , Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus fermentum 2  and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp lactis 1. Ten (10) out of the 38 isolates were potential bacteriocin producers. Extracted crude bacteriocins exhibited broad-spectrum activity against E. coli (9.5+0.3 – 20 +0.8mm) and S. aureus (9.47+0.6 -18.3 + 0.6mm). Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus spp isolated from Nono could be used to solve the problem of contaminating microorganisms in food industries.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Geological Formation and Sub-Surface Lithology Modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria","authors":"Ahmad Muhammad Idris, D. Eshimiakhe, Shehu Ibrahim Adam, J. Gambo, H. Abubakar","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.005","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to explore the geological formation and sub-surface lithology modelling of Hadejia, Jigawa State using the VES (vertical electrical sounding) method. The VES method is a geophysical technique that measures the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, which is related to the lithology of the rock units. The study area is located in the north-western part of Nigeria, on latitudes 12025’23.73‘‘N and longitudes 10°04’06.74‘‘E, and is characterized by a chad formation geological setting with a variety of rock units, including sandstones, shales, and limestone. The research was conducted using a total of 50 VES stations, which were distributed over the study area in a grid pattern. The data collected from the VES stations were analyzed using the IPI2WIN software. The results were used to create a subsurface electrical resistivity model, which was then used to infer the lithology units present in the subsurface. The results showed that the study area is characterized by a complex subsurface structure, with several rock units present, including sandstones, silt, and clay. The subsurface electrical resistivity model revealed that the sandstone units are located at shallow depths, while the silt units are found at deeper depths. The clay is present at intermediate depths and is interbedded with sandstones and clay. The results provide valuable information for hydro-geological and mineral exploration in the area.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130813056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Heavy Metals: A Mini Review","authors":"Aminu Yusuf Fardami, Umar Balarabe Ibrahim, Muntasir Sabitu, Abduljalil Lawal, Mahdi Ahmad Adamu, A. Aliyu, Ibrahim Lawal, Abdullahi Ibrahim Dalhatu, Muhammad Sanusi Zainab, A. Farouq","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.010","url":null,"abstract":"Because of rising levels of heavy metal pollution in the environment, microbial resistance to heavy metals has become an increasing concern. Heavy metal resistance in bacteria is typically achieved through a combination of passive and active mechanisms, including heavy metal sequestration, efflux, or transformation within the microbial cell. During the efflux mechanism, a membrane protein's energy-dependent ion efflux from the cell is necessary for heavy metal removal. Understanding the physicochemical parameters of the environment, structure and diversity of microbial communities, nature and concentration of heavy metals is critical for developing effective strategies for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Many microbes play a significant part on functioning ecosystem more especially in the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by removing the metals from the environment. As, Pb, Cd, and Hg are among heavy metals that are associated with the most common ecologically hazardous metals that can be toxic to microbes and still nature has evolved few groups of microbes that were found to resist the effect of heavy metals while thriving within their ecosystem such as Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens that can resist Hg. Pseudomonas putida, Cupriavidus necator, Exiguobacterium sp., Bacillus aquimaris, Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes sp. can also resist Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni. The exposure of local and regional soil with heavy metal pollution due to smelting causes which poses major environmental issues that is currently on rise in human ecosystem. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to heavy metal is critical for developing strategies to reduce the environmental impact of heavy metal pollution.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116609076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}