Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Phytochemicals of Azadirachta indica, Nauclea Latifolia, Vernonia ambigua, and Artemisia annua Distillates

In order to treat a variety of human health issues, plants are a beneficial source for getting numerous pharmacologically active chemicals. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phytochemical constituents of Artemisia annua, Azadirachta indica, Nauclea latifolia, and Vernonia ambigua. The volatile constituents of these plants were extracted using steam distillation. The phytochemical constituents were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using the standard methods. The results of the phytochemical screening show the presence of glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The quantitative Analysis shows that Azadirachta indica has the highest concentration of alkaloid (0.18 mg/mL), flavonoid (0.06 mg/mL), and total phenolic compounds (0.11 mg/mL). It was concluded that the distillates of the plants studied possess significant phytoconstituents. Further study needs to identify relevant compounds from the distillates for a better understanding of their mechanism of actions and activities. Furthermore, toxicology and in vivo studies should performed to deduce the safety of ingesting the distillates.