UMYU Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"Mineralogical and Structural Analyses of Natural Fluorite from Yantuwaru Mining Site, Nigeria","authors":"Gidado Shehu, Ibrahim Muhammad Bagudo","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.007","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental studies of natural fluorite have been reported. In this study, combined X-Ray Fluorescence, FTIR and UV-Vis analyses were performed to give mineralogical information about natural fluorspar. The X-ray diffraction technique was also used to determine the crystallographic parameters and structure of the mineral. Results show a variation of Ca contents and low concentration of F, through all fluorite samples due to Ba and Br contents in the samples, causing replacements of impurity ions in the fluorite lattice. REEs in the fluorite samples were to be found responsible for colour. UV-Visible absorption results showed peaks between 209 to 368 nm, which did not affect the fluorite colour. The 224 nm and 365 nm peaks were caused by the electrons and holes trapped in the Ca2+ interstitial and vacancy, respectively. The absorption bands in the visible range relate to the corresponding fluorite samples. The FTIR results showed absorptions causing CO2 and CO32-stretching vibration due to the CaCO3 and OH stretching vibration due to water in the samples. The structural configuration, the lattice parameters, and the planes confirmed a cubic structure. Obtained results confirmed them to be Calcium Fluorite, as expected.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Some Heavy Metal Background Concentration at Dandagoro Quarters, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"None Aminu Samaila, None Bello, Suleiman, None Salele, Shamsu, None Iliyasu, Sagir Rafuka","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.016","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in an environment which make environment to be polluted. The research area has become stepwise engage with various waste such as refused dump, animal waste, engine oil, kerosene, spilling of disel etc which can introduce the trace heavy metals. Heavy metals are environmental threat for soils, are also dependent by plant and life of living organism. As the risk of exposure to heavy metals increases for humans directly or indirectly. The study of Analysis of Background Concentration Some Heavy Metals in soil samples extracted from Dandagoro Quarters, Katsina, Katsina State, located at latitude 37˚91ᴵ74ᴵᴵ to 76ᴵᴵE and the longitude 13˚8ᴵ24ᴵᴵN was carried out. At intervals of 100 m, soil samples were collected from the study area, and each 100 m was divided into 10 m. (B1-B10). In order to determine the concentration of the five examined heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Co,), a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used. The locations have an average heavy metal concentration of 0.240, 0.110, 0.093, 0.002 and 0.001(ppm) respectively. Differences were seen by comparing the mean concentration of the heavy metals in the target areas with world health organization (W.H.O) threshold limit, national and international related studies and it was reporeted that the samples were not contaminated with the heavy metals. But the metals were presence and there is no need for urgent intervention and remediation measures by the authority. It was recommended that, factories, gas station and manufacturing industries should not be located at or near the area in order to reduced human activities so as to make environment stable and free from pollutants.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation and Simulation of Mosquito Breeding Site Water Temperature for Malaria Transmission at Kaita Local Governmet Township of Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ahmed, I. Bagudo","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.015","url":null,"abstract":"Studies showed that transmission of malaria is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. This work is aimed at finding the impact of mosquito's breeding site water temperature on mosquito's larva development time. An artificial mosquito's breeding habitat was created. The water temperature of the habitat was measured at an hourly interval, then it is averaged into daily time scale. Weather variables of the experimental site were inpu into the the energy balance model to simulate the breeding habit water temperature. The mosquito's larva development time was then predicted by inputting both the observed water and simulated water temperature into the vector borne disease community model (VECTRI) .The daily maximum, and minimum observed water temperatures were 27.9°C, 32.6°C and 21.7°C, respectively. The daily mean, maximum, and minimum simulated water temperatures were 29.8°C, 35.6°C, and 23.5°C respectively. These temperatures are within the temperature range that supports mosquito’s larva development. Mosquito's larva development was predicted using the VECTRI model. According to this study larva development reached completion in 7.1 days using the observed water temperature, 6.03 days using the simulated water temperature and 8.01days using the observed air temperature. This energy balance model is an improved water temperature scheme over the assumption that air temperature is equal to air temperature. This work shows the importance of water temperature and the value of degree day required for emergence of an adult mosquito in the simulation of aquatic stage development. Both the observed water and simulated water temperatures are higher than the on observed air temperature, thus air temperature cannot be used as the water temperature in the simulation of the mosquito’s larva development time. The finding of the work can be  used as source toward mosquito's larval control through water temperature. It is however clear from the finding that could be as result of temperature due to shorter time predicted for mosquito's larval development.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Study on Condemned Carcass and Organ at Katsina Central Abattoir for a Period of 2013 to 2019","authors":"Muhammed, Bashir Adamu, Salisu Usman Shehu, Idris Muhammad, Auwalu Yakubu, Umar Muhammad Garasin, Mamuda Aliyu Mamuda, Mohammed Adamu Garga, Bakomi Obile Wahala, Garba, Ibrahim Ladan","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study is being undertaken to investigate the historical data on condemned carcasses at the central abattoir in Katsina metropolis from 2013 to 2019. Throughout the course of the investigation, 1,518 animals were butchered in total. The primary objective is to investigate how frequently and frequently these organ and carcass condemnation reasons occur. To determine the frequency of carcass and organ condemnation in slaughtered cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, a seven-year retrospective data set from January 2013 to December 2019 was examined. The findings revealed that uterus, lungs, and liver had the largest prevalence of animal parts condemnation over the course of the study at 132 (74.5%), 34 (27.6%), and 36 (17.2%), respectively. Pregnancy (72.6%), pneumonia (12.7%), and fasciolosis (15.6%) were the major causes of the various organs condemned. There is statistically significant (p>0.05) relationship between the number of animals slaughtered, number of animal condemned par ts, and the causes of organ and carcass condemnation across the period studied. To minimize negative effects on public health and financial losses, strategies must be implemented to reduce the rate of animal parts condemnation.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116967397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of resampling algorithms in the prediction of stroke diseases","authors":"Dauda Sani Abdullahi, Dr. Muhammad Sirajo Aliyu, Usman Musa Abdullahi","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.011","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke disease is a serious cause of death globally. Early predictions of the disease will save a lot of lives but most of the clinical datasets are imbalanced in nature including the stroke dataset, making the predictive algorithms biased towards the majority class. The objective of this research is to compare different data resampling algorithms on the stroke dataset to improve the prediction performances of the machine learning models. This paper considered five (5) resampling algorithms namely; Random over Sampling (ROS), Synthetic Minority oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN), hybrid techniques like SMOTE with Edited Nearest Neighbor (SMOTE-ENN), and SMOTE with Tomek Links (SMOTE-TOMEK) and trained on six (6) machine learning classifiers namely; Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost (XGB). The hybrid technique SMOTE-ENN influences the machine learning classifiers the best followed by the SMOTE technique while the combination of SMOTE and XGB perform better with an accuracy of 97.99% and G-mean score of 0.99, and auc_roc score of 0.99. Resampling algorithms balance the dataset and enhanced the predictive power of machine learning algorithms. Therefore, we recommend resampling stroke dataset in predicting stroke disease than modeling on the imbalanced dataset.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbes Associated with Bioremediation of Microplastic Waste in Nigerian Freshwater Bodies: A Review","authors":"AMINU YUSUF FARDAMI, Ibrahim Muhammad Magami, Aminu Abdullahi Yarima, Muntasir Sabitu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.017","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic pollution in freshwater bodies is a serious environmental issue affecting agriculture, human consumption, and ecological well-being. Microbial bioremediation is a promising method for removing microplastic waste. Bacterial and fungal species have shown efficiency in breaking down microplastic either aerobically or anaerobically. The alphaproteobacteria class, particularly the Rhodobacteraceae family, and the gammaproteobacteria family were home to the majority of bacteria that could break down microplastic. Several researchers investigated the Rhodococcus genus and the genera Pseudomonas sp. with noteworthy outcomes. Fungal phyla of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes), Basidiomycota (Agaricomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Tritirachiomycetes, and Ustilaginomycetes), and Mucoromycota (Mucoromycetes) were found efficient in the degradation of microplastic in both land and fresh water bodies. It is important to take action to lessen the amount of plastic garbage that enters freshwater bodies, as well as to improve waste management procedures and encourage sustainable plastic usage patterns in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cyto-Genotoxicity of Pharmaceutical Industrial Effluent in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria, Using Allium Cepa L. Assay","authors":"None Jibril Sani Mohammed, None Yahaya Mustapha, None Usman Abubakar, None Eghobor Sunday, None Bashir Mohammed Mayaki, None Yahya Sadiq Abdulrahman, None Mohammed Isa Auyo, None Aisha Wada Abubakar","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT
 An Allium cepa root cells assay was used to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts on Pharmaceutical industrial effluent in Kano Metropolis. An industrial effluent's physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal composition were assessed, and the readings were found to be higher than the required levels, demonstrating that it had not been treated before disposal. A set of 45 onion bulbs were grown for 96 hours in pharmaceutical effluent that included 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (v/v), with distilled water serving as the control. All three root tips from each replication's treated bulbs were plucked at 96 hours and prepared for cytogenetic analysis using the aceto-carmine squashed procedure. At higher doses of industrial effluents, the root tips were highly cytotoxic, and their growth was strongly retarded. Exposure to the effluents inhibited root growth with an EC50 value of 6.3%. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (P 0.05) in the average root growth of Allium cepa subjected to various pharmaceutical effluent concentrations. Mitosis Index (MI) rapidly reduced when effluent concentrations rose compared to control, whereas mitotic inhibition rose with rising effluent concentrations compared to controls. The pharmaceutical effluent triggered chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa root tip cells, particularly sticky chromosomes, Binucleated cells, and Bridge chromosomes being most commonly seen at lower doses of 2.5%. It was discovered that the compounds present in effluent might harm living things and, if left untreated, could poison the environment. Industrialists need to be legally required to switch their operations to environmentally friendly technology after it was determined that industrial effluents pose an environmental danger and can result in a number of human illnesses.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Light Absorption Enhancement in Crystalline Silicon Wafer Textured With H2SO4 Solution","authors":"Abdurrahman Muhammed, Nura Liman Chiromawa, Ibrahim Muhammad Bagudo, Abdurrahman Ibrahim Khalil","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.014","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the formation of microstructures on silicon wafer has gained popularity as a concept for increasing photon trapping and light absorption for optoelectronics applications. This study used three methods to improve infrared light absorption in silicon samples - sample preparation, Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning, and chemical wet etching. The solutions used for Radio Corporation of America (RCA) clean were water (H2O), Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrogen perioxide (H2O2), Hydrofluoric acid (H.F.). Three silicon wafers with a 1cm2 orientation were cut and cleaned using RCA, and then surface-textured using a wet chemical procedure by etching into different chemical solutions of Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) of the same concentration. The wafers were removed at different etching time intervals (5, 10, 15 minutes) and analysed using an infrared spectrometer with Fourier transformation (FTIR) to study the absorptions of light. A mean absorbance of 0.9801 a.u, 0.9845 a.u and 0.977 a.u for 5, 10 and 15 minutes of texturization was obtained. The results showed a wafer that was etched by H2SO4 solution for 10 minute as the most enhanced silicon wafer for I.R light absorption. Hence, it is recommended to texture a silicon wafer for a period of 10 minutes in H2SO4 solution for better absorption.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Extracts","authors":"Yusuf Ahmed Nalado, Abduljabbar Tijjani","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.004","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal, folkloric, and other uses of aloe vera cannot be over-emphasized. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed the phytochemical composition of Aloe vera. Fresh leaves of Aloe vera were extracted by percolation method using three different solvents: ethanol, diethyl ether, and distilled water. The extracts were analysed for important phytoconstituents using conventional qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, saponin glycosides, and tannins were present, while steroids, balsam, anthraquinones, and volatile oil were not detected. The quantitative analysis indicated a high concentration of alkaloids (31.067 g/100 g), tannins (25.66 g/100 g), and saponins (10.67 g/100g) while glycosides (0.060 g/100 g) had the least concentration. The result indicates the potential health and cosmetic benefits of Aloe vera as well as its potential benefits in the food industries","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastro-protective Effect of Carica Papaya leaf extracts On induced Gastric ulcer in Rats","authors":"M. Aliyu, Said, Sani Said, Abdullahi Muhammad Abdu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2123.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2123.003","url":null,"abstract":"Carica papaya leaves are commonly used traditionally to treat many diseases, including peptic ulcers; however, these pharmacological claims and safety issues of the leaves have not been adequately resolved. The present study aims to evaluate the possible gastro-protective potential of Carica papaya aqueous and methanol leaf extracts on ethanol-induced ulcers.  Aqueous and Methanol extracts of C. papaya were prepared by percolation method and screened for phytochemicals using conventional method and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometric methods. The gastro-protective effects of the extracts were determined using thirty (30) rats weighing 180 and 250 g were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 served as the normal control (distilled water), groups 2 served as the (negative control), group 3 received 25mg/kg Omeprazole (standard drug) group 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of aqueous and methanol extracts of Carica papaya. Two weeks after the oral administration, gastric ulcer was induced in all rats with 95% ethanol (2 mL). The aqueous and methanol leaf extract of C. papaya showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the methanol leaf extract of C. papaya were comparable to those of the standard drugs (Omeprazole). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous and methanol leaves extracts of C. papaya revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Gas chromatographic analysis showed the presence of cytoprotective agents.  These findings show that aqueous and methanol extracts of the leaves of C. papaya possess potent antiulcer properties; hence justifies the traditional usage of this plant for ulcer treatment.","PeriodicalId":235595,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}