Veterinaria italiana最新文献

{"title":"The Border Disease virus (BDV) prevalence and genetic typing in ruminant flocks in Turkey.","authors":"Semra Okur Gumusova, Ayhan Akman","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2693.17780.2","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2693.17780.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to update current data regarding Border Disease in sheep and goats, determine the first prevalence of BDV in cattle and identify its circulated genotype in Turkey. For this purpose, 100 sheep, 20 goats and 193 cattle aborted fetuses sent for diagnosis to Samsun Veterinary Control Institute between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed in terms of pestivirus by Ag‑ELISA, BDV by Real‑Time test (RT‑PCR) and Conventional RT‑PCR test. The rate of pestivirus positive animals was found at 50.26% (97/193) in cattle, 58% (58/100) in sheep and 55% (11/20) in goats by the pestivirus Ag‑ELISA test. Total of 58 Ag‑ELISA positive sheep were tested by Real‑Time RT‑PCR and conventional RT‑PCR tests. End of the tests, one sheep sample (1.72%) was found BDV positive by Real‑Time RT‑PCR test and three sheep (5.17%) and one cattle (1.03%) samples were detected as BDV positive by conventional RT‑PCR test. BDV positivity was not detected in goats in this research. All samples that were found positive by conventional RT‑PCR test and Real‑Time RT‑PCR test were genotyped by phylogenetic sequence analysis, and obtained results showed that BDV‑3 and BDV‑7 genotypes of BDV in sheep and BVDV‑1 genotype in cattle circulated in the investigated area. The sequence analysis results revealed that conventional RT‑PCR and Real‑Time RT‑PCR tests detected genotype BDV‑3, while genotype BDV‑7 was only detected by conventional RT‑PCR test in sheep abortion materials. Additionally, it was found that one bovine specimen was BDV positive by conventional PCR, but the same sample was identified as BVDV‑1 at sequence analysis. The obtained data of this study showed that new probes should be designed using our local strains for BDV diagnosis by Real‑Time RT‑PCR assay, and cattle must be sampled for BDV screening, and PCR tests results should always be confirmed by sequence analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of flooring types on teat end bacteria counts, milk quality, hygiene and behaviour of dairy cows housed in tie-stall closed barn.","authors":"Recep Aydın, Abdülkerim Diler, Veysel Fatih Ozdemir, Mete Yanar, Rıdvan Koçyiğit","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2742.17966.2","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2742.17966.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate environmental mastitis causing bacteria counts in the teat end, somatic cell counts (SCC) of milk samples, cleanliness scores and behavior of cows kept on concrete and rubber mat floorings. For this purpose, 19 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were allocated into concrete and rubber mat groups. Swab samples were taken from the teat ends to determine the bacterial counts causing environmental mastitis. Milk samples were collected from a composite of all four quarters to determine the SCC. Instantaneous sampling method was utilized to observe the behavioral activities of cows. Cows were visually evaluated to determine the udder cleanliness score. Independent samples t-test was utilized in the statistical analysis of the obtained data. Coliform (P<0.05), Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. (P<0.01) counts of the swab samples taken from the cows housed on concrete flooring were significantly higher than rubber mat group. However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of total bacteria, Streptococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae counts. The SCC on samples taken from cows kept on concrete surface were significantly higher (P<0,05) than that of animals housed on rubber mat. Furthermore, cows in the rubber mat group were determined to be significantly cleaner (P<0.05) than those in concrete group. It was also determined that the cows housed on rubber mat spent significantly longer time for lying behavior (P<0.05), which is a significant indicator of animal comfort. The time spent for standing without eating was considerably higher (P<0.01) in concrete group. In addition, the times spent for eating was significantly lower (P<0.01) in the concrete group. It was concluded that, using rubber mat instead of concrete for flooring in tie-stall barns decreases the contamination of environmental mastitis pathogens, increases milk quality and cow cleanliness score as well as animal comfort and welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison effect of lasalocid, diclazuril, probiotic and symbiotic on histomorpholical changes of small intestine induced by E. tenella.","authors":"Hamed Zarei, Mostafa Shahhosseini","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2587.17307.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12834/VetIt.2587.17307.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the comparison of effect of anticoccidal drugs including lasalocid and diclazuril with probiotic and synbiotic on the growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicken. One hundred eighty chickens (Ross 308, 1 day old) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (n=30) including the negative control (basal diet), the positive control (basal diet+oral inoculation of 3×104 sporulated oocytes of E. tenella, and four treatment groups. At days of 28 and 49 of age, 9 chickens were blindly chosen from each group were scarified by decapitation and their various segments of small intestine including ileum, jejunum, and duodenum were evaluated histomorphologically. We found that the economic losses resulted from coccidial infection in the poultry industry are caused by the decreased performance of broiler chicken induced by morphological changes in the any three segments specially jejunum. The anticoccidial drugs, synbiotic and probiotic can partially prevent morphological changes in any three segments of small intestine in broiler chicken with coccidiosis. Since morphological changes in the jejunum begin earlier than in other parts and surface area of jejunal villi is important for nutrition absorbance as well as growth performance, lasolacid was found to a be more efficient treatment in this regard.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological and molecular methods as complementary diagnostic in case of lymphadenopathies suggestive of bovine tuberculosis.","authors":"Gerlane Nunes Noronha, Marcos Antônio Souza Dos Santos, Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira, Alexandre do Rosário Casseb, Rômulo Cerqueira Leite, Andréia Santana Bezerra, José de Brito Lourenço Júnior","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2157.19159.3","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2157.19159.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronically evolving zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Anatomopathological examination during post mortem inspection in bovines is the main resource engaged in sanitary slaughter; however, it is very troublesome since many granulomatous inflammatory processes have similar morphological characteristics. Thus, this study aims to use complementary diagnosis methods (histopathological and polymerase chain reaction - PCR assays) to confirm the macroscopic assessment of lymphadenopathies indicative of tuberculosis in bovines slaughtered in a refrigerated slaughterhouse in Tailândia city, PA, Brazil. Fifty‑one samples were collected from lesions indicative of tuberculosis in pre‑scapular and pre‑pectoral lymph nodes (or different lymphadenitis) in condemned carcasses. Histological processing employed routine techniques carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon, while the PCR assay was performed at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Evandro Chagas Institute. Results showed that 1.96% of the histopathology samples corresponded to inflammatory processes typical of TB and that, in PCR, 4.25% of the samples had the amplification profile of the M. bovis species. These results indicate the importance of adding complementary methods to assist the sanitary inspection line and make inspection more efficient in its decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus in poultry and captive wild birds in poultry-dense regions of Pakistan.","authors":"Ul-Rahman Aziz, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Atif Rehman, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, Riffat Yasin, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq, Asif Mehmood, Farooq Yousaf, Majeeda Rasheed, Sabahat Rasul, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Asif Raza","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2449.17415.2","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2449.17415.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) are causing contagious diseases in chickens and wild birds worldwide; however, there is a paucity of information on the current status of seropositivity of Newcastle and avian influenza diseases in chickens and wild birds of Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the serological evidence of both diseases in commercial poultry (broiler, layer chickens), backyard poultry, and captive wild birds in poultry‑dense regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed for the determination of antibodies against NDV and AIV and their genotyping and subtyping, respectively. Overall, 47.5% and 67.4% seroprevalence of NDV and AIV, respectively, was observed in both poultry and wild birds. Based on bird's category, layer chickens had the highest seroprevalence of NDV (60.8%, 95% CI: 52.95‑68.22, OR: 0.71) followed by backyard poultry (56.8%, 95% CI: 47.92‑65.32, OR: 0.82), broilers (52.7%, 95% CI: 46.84‑58.64), pigeons (41.3%, 95% CI: 30.53‑52.81, OR: 1.59), peafowls (26.1%, 95% CI: 11.09‑48.69, OR: 3.16), ducks (23.8%, 95% CI: 12.59‑39.8, OR: 3.57), turkeys (16.7%, 95% CI: 4.41‑42.27, OR: 5.58), parrots (14.3%, 95% CI: 2.52‑43.85, OR: 6.70) and quails (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.2‑13.51, OR: 4.8). Comparatively, backyard chickens had the highest seroprevalence of AIV (78.8%, 95% CI: 70.64‑85.22, OR: 0.63) followed by ducks (73.8%, 95% CI: 57.68‑85.6, OR: 0.83), layers (73.5%, 95% CI: 65.98‑79.89, OR: 0.84), pigeons (72.5%, 95% CI: 61.2‑81.61, OR: 0.89), broilers (70.1%, 95% CI: 64.44‑75.29), turkeys (55.5%, 95% CI: 31.35‑77.6, OR: 1.87), peafowls (47.8%, 95% CI: 27.42‑68.9, OR: 2.56) and parrots (42.8%, 95% CI: 18.8‑70.3, OR: 3.1). Overall, 40.1%, 34.2%, 31.3%, and 25.1% sera were positive for H9 AIV, G‑VII NDV, H7 AIV, and G‑VI NDV, respectively. The current study revealed a widespread exposure to NDV and AIV in poultry and captive wild birds. Therefore, it is crucial to include captive wild birds in NDV and AIV surveillance programs to further strengthen disease control measures, particularly in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the proviral load levels and mRNA expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and somatic milk cells in cattle with different BLV infection profiles.","authors":"Marla Eliana Ladera Gómez, María Victoria Nieto Farias, Adrián Vater, María Carolina Ceriani, Guillermina Laura Dolcini","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2718.20143.3","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2718.20143.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The retrovirus bovine leukemia virus (BLV) might produce abnormal immune function, associated with susceptibility to developing other infectious diseases, including mastitis. This study aimed to determine the proviral load and cytokines gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) and milk somatic cells (SC) in BLV-infected and non-infected cattle. Of 27 BLV-infected cows in PBMC, 17 (62.96%) had a high proviral load (HPL), and 10 (37.04%) had a low proviral load (LPL). All SC samples had low proviral load (LPL-SC). Higher IFN-γ and IL-10 expression, and lower IL-12 and IL-6 expression, were found in PBMC from BLV-infected compared to BLV non-infected cattle. Moreover, higher IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-6 expression, and lower IL-10 expression were observed in cattle with LPL-PBMC compared to HPL-PBMC. In milk samples, lower IFN-γ and higher IL-12 mRNA expression were observed in LPL-SC compared to BLV non-infected cattle in SC. IL-10 and IL-6 expression mRNA was significantly lower in LPL-SC than in SC from BLV non-infected cattle. This study shows that milk SC maintains lower proviral load levels than PBMC. This first report on Th1 and Th2 cytokines expression levels in SC may be relevant to future control strategies for BLV infection, mastitis, and udder health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immunogenicity and efficacy of acommercially available Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus vaccine against a Pakistani field IBR strain.","authors":"Hafiza Ifra Aziz, Masood Rabbani, Farhat Nazir Awan, Sohail Raza, Sehrish Faryal, Shahan Azeem","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2922.19929.3","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2922.19929.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly communicable disease of cattle and wild ruminants that is caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV‑1). For IBR control, several developed countries have adopted the immunization and eradication programs focusing on IBR‑positive animals. In Pakistan, livestock producers are importing commercially available vaccine of BoHV‑1, but no studies on the efficacy of these commercial vaccines against local isolates are available. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available vaccine of BoHV‑1 against local field isolates of virus. The rabbit model was used and the vaccine was evaluated for immunogenicity and protection after challenge with a highly virulent strain of a field virus. The immune response was measured by virus neutralization titers (VNT). This vaccine induced a humoral response in rabbits but that was not sufficient to completely protect the vaccinated animals against the wild‑type BoHV‑1 strain challenge. While a low virus titer compared to control rabbits was observed in the vaccinated rabbits (p<0.05), there was no sterilizing immunity or freedom from infection. However, complete freedom from disease, for example, the absence of pyrexia was noticed in the vaccinated group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that imported vaccine stock provoked only a partial protection against indigenous isolated of BoHV‑1. However, tests performed on rabbits are preliminary, as only those performed on the source species can determine more reliable results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains of bovine origin in China and India.","authors":"Massimo Giangaspero, Shu-Qin Zang","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2757.17907.2","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2757.17907.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a species member of the family Flaviviridae. CSFV is widely distributed in the world causing a severe impact on pig industry. This pathogen is considered restricted to domestic and wild suids. However, some reports from 2014 to 2018 showed the presence of the CFSV antigen in the bovine species. The virus was found in commercialized batches of fetal bovine serum (FBS) of Chinese origin and in bovine herds in in the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu, China, and in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, southern and north‑eastern states of India, respectively. Detection was done using antigen capture ELISA and RT‑PCR tests. In certain cases, animals with natural infection showed clinical signs and reproduction was also affected. Genetic characterization was performed considering the 5'‑UTR sequences of the bovine strains. In addition, the entire CSFV E2 genomic region could be amplified from two positive animals. The bovine strains were genetically related to the Chinese CSFV live attenuated hog cholera lapinized vaccine (HCLV) strain used in pigs, sharing sequence characteristics. The vaccine strain HCLV was widely used in China to protect bovines and yaks from bovine viral diarrhea, and, as a possible consequence, inducing an adaptation in cattle and a further natural diffusion. Furthermore, a contaminant strain from China was genetically distant from all other previously described genotypes of the CSFV. This suggests also the occurrence of micro evolutive step in the species related to geographical segregation. These observations deserve attention and further investigations, especially relevant in countries where CSFV control and eradication strategies are applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epizootic situation on horse helminthiases in the northern region of Kazakhstan.","authors":"Assylbek Zhanabayev, Baltabek Ibrayev, Lyudmila Lider, Altay Ussenbayev, Roman Bissengaliyev","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2740.17604.3","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2740.17604.3","url":null,"abstract":"The research relevance is predefined by the widespread distribution of parasitosis, including helminthiases, alongside constant depasture on the same areas of pastures, which annually causes massive re‑infection of horses. In this regard, the research aims to identify the age, seasonal, and territorial dynamics of infection of horses with helminthiases in the context of the districts of the northern region of Kazakhstan. The primary research method was an experimental analysis that allowing to consider the dynamics and causes of horse helminthiases, associated with the prepatent period, the resistance of the organism, and the system of keeping and feeding horses. The study presents the results of studies of horse helminthiases on the territory of the Northern region of Kazakhstan, covering 4 regions that currently exist in 61 agricultural formations. Faecal samples of 4,395 horses were examined by scatological methods and 126 samples - by incomplete helminthological autopsy. As a result of coprolarvoscopic and coprological studies, it was found that in horses, the dominant representatives among the invasive larvae of strongylates are small and large palisade worms. In scatological studies, strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract was recorded in 63.9% of cases, oxyurosis in 40.8%, and parascariasis in 25.9%. The study also presents the results of post‑mortem diagnostics, which was carried out during the slaughter or due to the death of the horse.","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights for brucellosis eradication in Italy through a model-based spread evaluation in grazing livestock - Sicily case study.","authors":"Lara Savini, Luca Candeloro, Paolo Calistri, Alessio Di Lorenzo, Margherita Perilli, Armando Giovannini, Fabrizio De Massis","doi":"10.12834/VetIt.2934.20799.1","DOIUrl":"10.12834/VetIt.2934.20799.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis is one of the world's major zoonotic pathogens and is responsible for enormous economic losses as well as considerable human morbidity in endemic areas. Definitive control of human brucellosis requires control of brucellosis in livestock through practical solutions that can be easily applied to the field. In Italy, brucellosis remains endemic in several southern provinces, particularly in Sicily Region. The purpose of this paper is to describe the developed brucellosis model and its applications, trying to reproduce as faithfully as possible the complex transmission process of brucellosis accounting for the mixing of grazing animals. The model focuses on the contaminated environment rather than on the infected animal, uses real data from the main grazing areas of the Sicily Region, and aims to identify the best control options for minimizing the spread (and the prevalence) and to reach the eradication within the concerned areas. Simulation results confirmed the efficacy of an earlier application of the controls, showed the control should take place 30 days after going to pasture, and the culling time being negligible. Moreover, results highlighted the importance of the timing of both births and grazing pastures (and their interaction) more than other factors. As these factors are region‑specific, the study encourages the adoption of different and new eradication tools, tuned on the grazing and commercial behavior of each region. This study will be further extended to improve the model's adaptability to the real world, with the purpose of making the model an operational tool able to help decision makers in accelerating brucellosis eradication in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23550,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria italiana","volume":"59 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}