Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiome and metabolite signatures in critical limb threatening ischemia.","authors":"Daniel Messiha, Erik Lange, Annika Tratnik, Astrid M Westendorf, Miriam Rinke, Stine Lenz, Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta, Jan Buer, Tienush Rassaf, Christos Rammos","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Atherosclerotic disease entails with distinct clinical phenotypes, of which chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) are key manifestations. While plaque morphology and clinical course differ in vascular territory, the underlying pathophysiology leading to distinct diseases remain unexplored. The gut-microbiome axis with derived mediators trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has emerged as proatherogenic or protective in vascular diseases, however the differential abundance, composition and metabolites have not been investigated in CCS or CLTI. <i>Patients and methods:</i> In this cross-sectional clinical trial, we included patients with CCS and CLTI within 24 h of clinical presentation. Analyses of the gut microbiome and downstream metabolites were assessed. Microbiome-derived metabolites were analyzed from peripheral blood samples. Gut microbiome samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. <i>Results:</i> We enrolled 40 patients with 20 patients each presenting with CCS and CLTI, respectively. While alpha and beta diversity were similar, CCS patients exhibited distinct microbial signatures, including higher abundance of Dialister, Monoglobus, Lachnospira, Barnesiella, Fusicatenibacter, Collinsella, and Roseburia. Subsequent analysis of microbiome-derived metabolites revealed significantly lower serum concentrations of isovaleric acid and a non-significant trend toward TMAO elevation in the CLTI group compared to the CCS group. <i>Conclusions</i>: In this pilot trial we demonstrate that distinct differences in gut bacteria and microbiome-derived metabolites exist between patients with CCS and CLTI. These findings may highlight microbiome-metabolite interactions in chronic atherosclerotic disease and support larger studies to elucidate causal mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond balloon pressure: should we rethink the biomechanics of angioplasty to prevent recoil, dissection, and restenosis?","authors":"Michael K W Lichtenberg, Stefan Stahlhoff","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular versus open repair for aortoiliac occlusive disease - nationwide in-hospital outcomes by sex.","authors":"Jonas Salm, Tanja Böhme, Elias Noory, Lucas Bacmeister, Constantin von Zur Mühlen, Dirk Westermann, Thomas Zeller, Klaus Kaier","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Evidence comparing endovascular therapy and open surgery for aorto-iliac occlusive disease remains limited, particularly for early complications, resource use, and sex-specific outcomes. <i>Patients and methods:</i> We conducted a retrospective nationwide cohort study using the 2023 German inpatient dataset. Adult hospitalisations with major endovascular or open aorto-iliac reconstructive procedures and arterial occlusive disease were included. Hospitalisations with aneurysm, dissection, or combined procedure codes were excluded. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), complications, length of stay, and reimbursement. Adjusted estimates were obtained employing a doubly robust estimator using machine learning algorithms and were stratified by sex. <i>Results:</i> Among 2,710 hospitalisations, 1,923 (71.0%) underwent open surgery and 787 (29.0%) endovascular therapy; 41.3% involved women. Endovascular therapy was associated with lower adjusted risks of in-hospital mortality (RR .44, 95% CI .31-.64), MACCE (RR .47, 95% CI .34-.64), acute kidney injury (RR .38, 95% CI .29-.50), major bleeding (RR .36, 95% CI .25-.51), prolonged ventilation (RR .28, 95% CI .18-.43), and SAEs (RR .46, 95% CI .33-.65). Length of stay was shorter after endovascular therapy (-8.57 days, 95% CI -9.63 to -7.52), while reimbursement did not differ significantly. Sex-stratified estimates were more pronounced in men but exploratory without interaction testing. <i>Conclusions</i>: Endovascular therapy was associated with lower in-hospital morbidity and mortality and shorter hospital stay than open surgery, with similar reimbursement. Case-based data lacked longitudinal follow-up and detailed clinical, anatomical and treatment-selection information, limiting causal and patient-level interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotherapeutic considerations for antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular risk prevention - A systematic review.","authors":"Maria-Elisabeth Leinweber, Aleksandra Lopuszko, Tobias N Bonten, Noel Chan, Robert J Hinchliffe","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Summary</b>: <i>Background:</i> Cardiovascular physiology exhibits circadian rhythms, including a morning surge in platelet reactivity and cardiovascular events. Aligning the timing of antiplatelet therapy with these rhythms may be a simple, cost-effective approach to improve clinical efficacy. This systematic review evaluates the diurnal variability in platelet reactivity among individuals receiving aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel and explores the potential for timed administration to optimise platelet inhibition and other surrogate cardiovascular markers. <i>Patients and methods:</i> PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and trial registries (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from 1980 to August 2025 for randomised controlled trials and observational studies in adults investigating morning versus evening dosing or diurnal efficacy. <i>Results:</i> Of 2,340 records, 25 studies were included (17 on aspirin, seven on clopidogrel, one on ticagrelor, and three overlapping with prasugrel). For aspirin, the data showed a tendency that evening administration achieved greater reductions in morning Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-dependent platelet reactivity in healthy volunteers and cardiovascular disease patients, although there were mixed effects on ambulatory blood pressure. Clopidogrel exhibited diurnal variability, with peaks in Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation occurring in the morning, while prasugrel provided more consistent inhibition than clopidogrel or ticagrelor. No studies directly compared evening versus morning dosing for P2Y12-Inhibitors, and clinical outcomes such as major adverse cardiac events were only assessed in one included study. <i>Conclusions</i>: While evening aspirin may enhance chronopharmacological efficacy, the available evidence is limited due to heterogeneity and variable quality. The limited number of studies on agents beyond aspirin highlights a critical research gap, with robust Randomised Controlled Trials needed to evaluate clinical benefits and inform chronotherapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherectomy, scoring and drug-coated balloon angioplasty for atherosclerotic common femoral artery disease - A two center study.","authors":"Martin Andrassy, Christoph Schöfthaler, Jan Karcher, Gerhard Wegen, Dalibor Dukic, Grigorios Korosoglou","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> To evaluate the ability of atherectomy combined with scoring and drug coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for the treatment of atherosclerotic common femoral artery (CFA) disease. <i>Patients and methods:</i> This dual-center retrospective study analyzed data from consecutive patients who underwent atherectomy-assisted endovascular revascularization followed by scoring and DCB angioplasty and if required stent placement in the CFA. The primary endpoints included target-lesion revascularization (TLR) and improvement in clinical symptoms as measured by Rutherford categories (RC). Lesion calcification was evaluated using the Peripheral Arterial Calcification Scoring System (PACSS). <i>Results</i><i>:</i> Of 111 patients, 64 (57.7%) had lifestyle limiting claudication, whereas 47 (42.3%) had chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Mean age was 71.9 ± 7.8 years, 45 (40.5%) were female and 32 (28.8%) had diabetes mellitus. CFA median lesion length was 3.2 (2.4-3.7cm) and median lesion calcification by PACSS was 3.0 (3.0-3.0), whereas 13 (11.7%) were chronic total occlusions. Atherectomy was performed in 46 (41.4%) patients using the Phoenix and in 65 (58.6%) patients using the Jetstream atherectomy device with low complication rates (zero perforations and 4 (3.6%) distal embolizations). Bail-out stenting was necessary in 6 (5.4%) patients. During median follow-up of 2.0 (1.5-2.2) years, TLR was necessary in 9 (8.1%) patients, whereas RC improvement of ≥2 categories was noticed in 79 (71.2%) patients. Severe calcification PACSS four was associated with higher TLR rates (p < .001). <i>Conclusions:</i> Atherectomy- and scoring balloon assisted lesion preparation combined with DCB resulted in a low rate of bail-out stenting, low TLR and clinically acceptable RC improvement rates in CFAD patients. Long-term prospective trials are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of self-expandable closed-cell and open-cell stents for endovascular reconstruction of the inferior vena cava.","authors":"Gabor Forgo, Silvia Cardi, Simon Wolf, Aleksandra Tuleja, Stefano Barco, Nils Kucher, Tim Sebastian","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Summary</b>: <i>Background:</i> Inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction may cause acute descending thrombosis, post-thrombotic syndrome, or chronic venous insufficiency. Endovascular IVC stent reconstruction may improve clinical outcomes but the risk of patency loss is considerable. Stent design might impact the patency rates, but data comparing the performance of open-cell versus closed-cell IVC stents are lacking. <i>Patients and methods:</i> We investigated long-term clinical outcomes of 130 patients (median age 39 years, 26% women) who underwent endovascular reconstruction of an IVC obstruction with self-expandable nitinol stents of whom 52 (40%) received closed-cell stents and 78 (60%) open-cell stents between 2012 and 2024 in two Swiss university hospitals. At baseline, 41 (32%) patients presented with acute iliocaval thrombosis, 84 (65%) with post-thrombotic syndrome, and 5 (4%) with non-thrombotic IVC compression. Overall, kissing iliocaval Y-stent reconstruction was performed in 106 patients (82%). Clinical outcomes included patency rates and sustained clinical success defined as Villalta score <5 points and absence of venous stent occlusion or any re-intervention. <i>Results:</i> Median follow-up after endovascular stent reconstruction was 37 months (Q1-Q3: 18 to 68). Primary and secondary patency rates at 24 months were 62.1% (95% CI 50.0-77.2) and 93.8 (95% CI 87.3-100) for closed-cell stents and 79.6% (95% CI 70.3-90.0) and 100% (95% CI 100-100) for open-cell stents, respectively. Sustained clinical success was observed in 22 (42%) patients from the closed-cell group and in 55 (71%) patients from the open-cell stent group. <i>Conclusions:</i> In patients undergoing endovascular IVC reconstruction, self-expandable open-cell nitinol stents might offer favorable patency and clinical outcomes during follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-term results of orbital atherectomy in heavily calcified lesions above and below the knee.","authors":"Sandra Düsing, Tim Wittig, Birte Winther, Andrej Schmidt, Dierk Scheinert, Sabine Steiner","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Severe arterial calcification poses a major challenge to endovascular therapy (EVT) in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Orbital atherectomy (OAS) is used to modify plaque and enhance luminal gain, potentially improving EVT outcomes, but long-term evidence remains limited. <i>Patients and methods:</i> This retrospective single-center study assessed the mid-term outcomes of OAS in heavily calcified infrainguinal disease. We included symptomatic PAD patients (Rutherford 2-6) with ≥70% stenosis undergoing OAS for above- and below-the-knee (BTK) arterial lesions. <i>Results:</i> From 2018 to 2023, 78 patients underwent EVT for 83 infrainguinal lesions with OAS. Most were male (84.6%; 66/78) and had significant cardiovascular risk factors. Lesions were located in the femoropopliteal (FP) segment in 28.9% (24/83) and in BTK in 71.1% (59/83). Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) was significantly more frequent in BTK disease (13.0% [3/23] vs. 76.4% [42/55], p < .001). Mean lesion length was 101.8 ± 72.9 mm in FP and 133.0 ± 102.7 mm in BTK lesions, with chronic total occlusions in 25.0% (6/24) and 49.2% (29/59), respectively. One-year freedom from target lesion revascularization was 90.5% ± 6.5% for FP and 73.1% ± 7.7% for BTK lesions. One-year survival was 95.7% ± 4.3% in claudicants and 62.4% ± 7.8% CLTI patients (logrank p = .001). Major limb amputation occurred in .0% (0/22) of FP and 4.4% (2/45) of BTK cases at 30 days. <i>Conclusions</i>: OAS demonstrated feasibility in this highly selected cohort; however, its comparative efficacy remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital incidence, treatment and mortality of traumatic aortic injury in German hospitals.","authors":"Felix Kirchhoff, Andreas Kuehnl, Daniela Branzan, Matthias Trenner","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a001299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) is a life-threatening condition. Comprehensive nationwide data from European healthcare systems are limited. This study aims to analyse temporal trends in hospital incidence, treatment strategies, and outcomes of BTAI in Germany. <i>Materials and methods:</i> This retrospective secondary analysis used nationwide German Diagnosis-Related-Groups hospital episode statistics. All BTAI cases between 2010 and 2023 were included. Treatment strategies were classified as open repair, endovascular repair or conservative management based on Operations and Procedures Classification codes. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was performed. Age, sex, Elixhauser comorbidity score, treatment modality, treatment period, and treatment in a vascular surgery department were included in the statistical model. <i>Results:</i> In total 3,530 cases were identified (<i>Mdn</i>_age 58 years; 70.1% male). TEVAR was performed in 30.5%, open repair in 16.4%, and 53.1% were managed conservatively. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 24.4% (16.0% after endo, 25.8% after open repair and 28.7% in not-treated cases). Increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12 per 10 years, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.17) and higher comorbidity burden (aOR 1.03 per point, CI 1.02-1.04) were independently associated with mortality. Both endo (aOR 0.55, CI 0.44-0.68) and open repair (aOR 0.69, CI 0.54-0.89) were associated with lower mortality compared with conservative management. <i>Conclusions</i>: In Germany, BTAI hospital incidence showed temporal variation with pandemic-related decline. Endovascular repair was the predominant active treatment and was associated with lower in-hospital mortality. Outcomes were strongly influenced by age, comorbidity, and specialised vascular care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and lesion differences in front-cutting atherectomy-assisted endovascular revascularization.","authors":"Eva Geiss, Alexander Giesen, Amila Jehn, Jan C Karcher, Christoph Schöfthaler, Martin Andrassy, Grigorios Korosoglou","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001238","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Atherectomy-assisted endovascular revascularization has emerged as a promising treatment tool with high technical success rates in complex and calcified peripheral artery disease (PAD). Our aim was to evaluate sex-specific differences in patients undergoing atherectomy-assisted endovascular revascularization. <i>Patients and methods:</i> Consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD, undergoing rotational atherectomy were included in a prospective single-centre registry. Demographic and clinical data and lesion localization were recorded in men and women. The primary safety endpoint was vessel perforation and peripheral embolization. Secondary endpoints were clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) and mortality rates during follow-up. <i>Results:</i> Overall, 632 patients (847 lesions, median length = 18.0 cm) were analysed (244 women and 388 men). Median age was 78.0 (69.0-84.0) years. Women were older than men (p<.001), while CLTI, diabetes and BTK lesions were more common in men (65.4% versus 58.2%, p<.05, 53.1% versus 38.5%, p=.004, and 35.9% vs. 21.6%, p<.0001, respectively). Lesion length and complexity by TASC were similar in men and women, while men showed higher calcification by PACSS (p=.03). High procedural success rates (99.5%) and low complications rates were observed. Women received less stents than men in the femoropopliteal segment (p=.03). Complication rates were similar between men and women (1.3% versus 2.5%, p=.28 for perforation and 1.5% versus 2.9%, p=.25 for embolization). CD-TLR and mortality rates were similar in men and women. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our study confirms the safety and effectiveness of front cutting rotational atherectomy in men and women presenting with complex and symptomatic PAD. Patient safety was present in men and women, whereas CD-TLR rates were relatively low in both sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in imaging for endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease.","authors":"Daniel Raskin, Mia Zivkovic, Levester Kirksey, Sean P Lyden, Abraham Levitin, Vera Sorin, Patrick Ghibes, Eyal Klang, Sasan Partovi","doi":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001242","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0301-1526/a001242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a significant global health concern, leading to morbidity through progressive stenosis and eventually occlusion of the lower extremity arterial vasculature. Advanced imaging modalities play a major role in diagnosing PAD, in planning endovascular as well as surgical interventions, and in monitoring post-treatment outcomes. This review highlights the current major imaging techniques, including duplex ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). It provides insights into their applications, advantages, limitations and the importance of individualized imaging strategies for optimizing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23528,"journal":{"name":"Vasa-european Journal of Vascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"334-344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}