Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Schmallenberg virus exposure in camels and donkeys: Potential reservoirs for trans-border spread in the Nigeria-Sahel region","authors":"Alex A. Adikwu ,&nbsp;Theophilus I. Emeto ,&nbsp;Paul F. Horwood ,&nbsp;Olajide A. Owolodun ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Adamu ,&nbsp;Emmanuel O. Ngbede ,&nbsp;Yiltawe S. Wungak ,&nbsp;Hussaini G. Ularamu ,&nbsp;Oyelola A. Adegboye","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock trade and altered migration patterns have influenced the spread of transboundary animal diseases (TADs). Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an emerging arboviral pathogen transmitted by biting midges, causes severe birth defects and abortions, transient fever, diarrhea, and reduced milk production in ruminants, exemplifying a global threat to domestic livestock populations. This study investigated the exposure of camels and donkeys to SBV and identified potential risk factors that may influence introduction and spread. A total of 460 serum samples from camels (n = 230) and donkeys (n = 230) were screened for SBV antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and data on potential risk factors were collected. The observed seroprevalence of SBV was 56.5 % in camels and 11.3 % in donkeys. Univariate analysis demonstrated a significantly higher seroprevalence in older camels (P = 0.008; odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.25–4.27) and donkeys (P = 0.004; OR = 3.41; 95 % CI: 1.48–7.97). Seropositivity was not significantly influenced by sex, management system, or mixed species rearing. Multivariable analysis revealed geographic clustering of infection risk, with significantly higher odds of seropositivity in camels from Zangon Daura (OR = 4.73; 95 % CI: 1.33–20.4) and donkeys from Sule Tankarkar (OR = 4.46; 95 % CI: 1.20–17.9). Our findings suggest that camels and donkeys are exposed to SBV and might serve as reservoirs and potential sources for spread within the region. Further molecular studies are recommended for a deeper understanding of SBV transmission dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observer reliability and components of variance in counting spherocytes in canine blood samples","authors":"Asger Lundorff Jensen ,&nbsp;Helena Hochstenbach Fink-Jensen ,&nbsp;Anne K.H. Krogh","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spherocytosis is an important component in the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in dogs. Information on variation due to counting and observer reliability in enumeration of spherocytes is limited. This study investigated the observer reliability of spherocyte enumeration, the within- and between-day variation due to counting, and the occurrence of spherocytes among anaemic and non-anaemic dogs. Within-and between-day variation was generally good to excellent for samples with five or more spherocytes per high power field (HPF; 1000 ×). Observer variation was generally high but the associated 95 % confidence limits indicated the importance of experience in detecting spherocytes. The upper 95th percentile of spherocytes among non-anaemic dogs was 2.63 spherocytes per HPF, and up to 3.78 among anaemic dogs without IMHA reflecting that spherocytes are not pathognomonic for IMHA but can be seen in other situations as well, most often in lower numbers than the limit of ≥ 5 spherocytes/HPF typically used in the diagnosis of IMHA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic insights into Platynosomum fastosum infection in domestic cats: Diagnostic challenges and hepatobiliary implications","authors":"Larissa Megumi Nogueira Sato ,&nbsp;Henrique Serra Carrenho ,&nbsp;Regina Kiomi Takahira ,&nbsp;Paulo Fernandes Marcusso ,&nbsp;Alessandra Melchert ,&nbsp;Maria Jaqueline Mamprim ,&nbsp;José Gabriel Gonçalves Lins","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platynosomiasis is a hepatobiliary disease that primarily affects cats, caused by the trematode <em>Platynosomum fastosum</em>. In this context, this study aims to describe the main clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings of domestic cats naturally infected by <em>P. fastosum</em>. Six cats treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HV) of São Paulo State University (UNESP) in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, with a coproparasitological diagnosis positive for <em>P. fastosum</em> were selected for this study. The following parameters were analyzed: clinical signs, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and ultrasonographic changes. Clinical signs observed included jaundice, apathy, dehydration, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as emesis and constipation. Hematological analyses revealed normal ranges for most variables, except evidence of monocytosis. One cat exhibited leucocytosis associated with neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and monocytosis. Biochemical profiles indicated significantly high liver enzymes levels: alanine transaminase (mean 331 ± 305.3 UI/L), aspartate transaminase (mean 181.8 ± 98.9 UI/L), alkaline phosphatase (mean 260.8 ± 270.4 UI/L), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (mean 14.98 ± 11.52 UI/L). Ultrasonographic findings included hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall thickening, bile duct dilation, and increased pancreatic dimensions with reduced echogenicity, indicating possible cholangitis and pancreatitis, respectively. The elevated liver enzyme levels, clinical signs of jaundice, and ultrasonographic abnormalities are consistent with liver damage and potential cholangitis and pancreatitis due to <em>Platynosomum fastosum</em> infection. These findings highlight the need for targeted diagnostics that should support therapeutic interventions for felines suffering from platynosomiasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with tail damage in New Zealand dairy cattle","authors":"EL Cuttance ,&nbsp;WA Mason ,&nbsp;MA Bryan ,&nbsp;RA Laven","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tail damage in dairy cattle is an increasingly recognised cause of poor welfare. However, there have been very few studies of the risk factors associated with the prevalence of tail damage. This analysis combined a 200-farm study of the prevalence of tail damage in New Zealand with a survey of farm management and handling practice with the aim of identifying the risk factors associated with tail damage (defined as either a deviated tail or one with evidence of other injury). Across the farms, the median herd level prevalence of tail damage was 11.5 %. The survey included 42 variables which were analysed at the univariable level. Factors which were identified as being potentially associated based on these univariable analyses included region, parlour type, milking frequency, use of automatic cup removers, use of coaxing to get cows to move and farmer’s opinion of how many cows with tail damage they had. The final multivariable model had region, milking frequency (odds of tail damage 1.18 times higher for farms which always milked cows twice daily than for those which did not) and the use of coaxing (i.e. gentle persuasion) (odds of tail damage on farms which used coaxing was 0.83 times that on farms which did not). These results support the hypothesis that poor handling and/or interaction with infrastructure are important causes of tail damage on New Zealand dairy farms. More studies in more countries are needed to better understand the cause of tail damage in dairy cows. In addition, we need to standardise and optimise the repeatability of tail scoring</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of use of respiratory physiotherapy in treatment of dogs with pneumonia","authors":"H.S. Rossi ,&nbsp;M.M. Rajamäki ,&nbsp;J.J.T. Junnila ,&nbsp;H.K. Hyytiäinen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumonia frequently affects dogs, leading to the buildup of inflammatory secretions in their airways. While respiratory physiotherapy is often used to treat pneumonia in humans, its efficacy in dogs remains largely unexplored. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy as a supplementary treatment for canine pneumonia. Fifty-four dogs with pneumonia were included. The intervention group (<em>n</em> = 16) received daily physiotherapy and was compared with a historical control group (<em>n</em> = 38) treated for pneumonia without physiotherapy. Physiotherapy included manual techniques such as chest wall percussion, vibration, and postural drainage. Key outcomes measured before and after the interventions included oxygenation via pulse oximetry and arterial blood samples, respiratory rate, breathing sounds, respiratory type, and assessment of potential adverse effects. Most importantly, respiratory physiotherapy was shown to be safe and feasible as a supplementary treatment in dogs with pneumonia. Respiratory physiotherapy significantly increased PaO₂ of dogs with pneumonia compared with their admission levels long-term (estimated change of 9.3 mmHg, 95 % CI 2.4; 16.2), a change not observed in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between groups, making the clinical significance of this finding uncertain. Oxygen saturation increased transiently after the physiotherapy intervention relative to saturation before the procedure (estimated difference of 1.1 %, 95 % CI 0.3; 1.9, <em>P</em> = 0.006), but this significant increase was not observed in PaO₂, thereby limiting the interpretive value of the result. Mortality rate, oxygen supplementation length, or clinical parameters were not consistently affected. Findings suggest that respiratory physiotherapy could represent a safe supplementary approach to improving oxygenation in dogs with pneumonia, but its potential benefits remain to be validated in larger, controlled trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic prediction accuracy in Korean Holstein population: A comprehensive study of milk production traits","authors":"Md Azizul Haque ,&nbsp;You-Sam Kim ,&nbsp;Chang-Gwon Dang ,&nbsp;Yun-Mi Lee ,&nbsp;Jong-Joo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated methods to improve genomic prediction in Korean Holstein cows by comparing pedigree-based BLUP (PBLUP), genome-based BLUP (GBLUP), and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). Phenotypic data were obtained from 14,377 Korean Holstein cows, provided by the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation and Korean Livestock Improvement Association. These records included first and second lactation data for 305-day total milk yield (Milk305), milk fat yield (Fat305), and milk protein yield (Prot305). Genotypic data for 2016 cows were obtained using the Illumina Bovine 50 K SNP BeadChip. Heritability estimates for Milk305, Fat305, and Prot305 were consistently the highest when using PBLUP for both lactations, whereas GBLUP yielded lower estimates and ssGBLUP provided intermediate values. The average accuracies for Milk305 were 0.424, 0.411, and 0.528 for PBLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP, respectively, during the first lactation and 0.385, 0.375, and 0.486 for the second lactation. For Fat305, the accuracies were 0.403, 0.457, and 0.529 for the first lactation and 0.381, 0.304, and 0.487 for the second lactation. For Prot305, the accuracies were 0.409, 0.374, and 0.523 for the first lactation period, and 0.388, 0.371, and 0.496 for the second lactation period. The results show that ssGBLUP consistently outperforms traditional PBLUP and GBLUP in prediction accuracy. This study highlights the potential of advanced breeding techniques and strategic genomic integration to improve the efficiency and sustainability of dairy production in South Korea and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An e-survey study on the practice of recruitment manoeuvres in dogs among board-certified veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia specialists","authors":"Fergus Fox,&nbsp;Chiara Adami","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recruitment maneuvers (RMs) are used to treat alveolar collapse and improve lung volumes and ventilatory mechanics. The primary aim of this study was to describe current practice pertaining to the use of three types of RMs - sustained inflation (SI), incremental positive end-expiratory pressure increases (Inc-PEEP) and extended sigh (ES) in dogs, among veterinary anaesthesiologists. Based on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES), a questionnaire composed of 33 questions was developed by the authors and distributed via email to approximately 600 potential participants. Measures were applied to ensure data quality and prevent duplicate entries. Data from 92 anonymous participants were analysed with descriptive statistics and analysis of proportions. The most commonly used RMs were SI and Inc-PEEP. For SI, most participants reportedly set inspiratory time below 20 s, and factors associated with conservative ventilation parameters setting were chronic lung disease (P = 0.001), BOAS (P = 0.002), and acute lung disease (P &lt; 0.001). For Inc-PEEP, regardless of patient factors, most participants reportedly increased PEEP values at 10–15 breaths intervals, with incremental increases in PEEP of 2–3 cmH₂O. For ES, factors associated with setting of conservative pressure values were chronic lung disease (P = 0.025) and open chest surgery (P = 0.034). This study indicates that RMs are performed by veterinary anaesthesiologists, particularly the SI and Inc-PEEP techniques, with a tendency toward more conservative settings in the presence of underlying lung disease. However, unanimous consensus on parameters setting is lacking at date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence and rapid propagation of ST4 Mycoplasma bovis subtype in France and Belgium","authors":"Maxime Bruto ,&nbsp;Maryne Jaÿ ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Lefebvre ,&nbsp;Florine Dieu ,&nbsp;Marc Saulmont ,&nbsp;Nathalie Jarrige ,&nbsp;Florence Tardy ,&nbsp;Fabien Labroussaa ,&nbsp;Claire A.M. Becker ,&nbsp;Chloé Ambroset","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma (M.) bovis</em> is a major pathogen worldwide involved in bovine respiratory disease with significant economic and welfare impacts. Since the 2000s, the laboratory-based surveillance network Vigimyc has integrated molecular typing of an annual subset of <em>M. bovis</em> isolates collected in France, and more recently in Belgium. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological situation and evolution of <em>M. bovis</em> in both countries over the 2018–2024 period. A total of 498 <em>M. bovis</em> isolates were characterized using a routine monitoring approach based on <em>polC</em> subtyping. We observed the apparent re-emergence and the rapid spread of <em>polC</em> st1 isolates since 2019 in France and 2020 in Belgium, accompanied by a concurrent and marked decline of the previously dominant <em>polC</em> st2 genotype. To investigate this phenomenon, we performed whole-genome sequencing on 45 <em>polC</em> st1 isolates to explore their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships between strains. Genome-based analyses highlighted that this population was phylogenetically distinct from the older <em>polC</em> st1 isolates collected before 2000 and belonged to the ST4 according to the updated PubMLST database. The genetic diversity within these isolates was extremely low in comparison to that observed in the other subtypes, thus highlighting the recent and clonal emergence of this new lineage. In the absence of apparent AMR switch associated with this expansion, as previously observed for the emergence of <em>polC</em> st2 population, we identified putative genetic patterns specific to this lineage that may contribute to the fitness and epidemiological success of recent <em>polC</em> st1 isolates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145055866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial use practices among companion animal veterinarians in Hong Kong","authors":"Esa Karalliu ,&nbsp;Sum Yuet Lorraine Ngan ,&nbsp;Paweł M. Bęczkowski ,&nbsp;Vanessa R. Barrs ,&nbsp;Stefan Hobi ,&nbsp;Brett MacKinnon ,&nbsp;Howard Wong ,&nbsp;Owen Swan ,&nbsp;Myriam Baranger-Ete ,&nbsp;Jane Gray ,&nbsp;Fiona Woodhouse ,&nbsp;Ka Chun Ng ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Elsohaby ,&nbsp;Omid Nekouei","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adopting international guidelines on the prudent use of antimicrobials in companion animal practices has been debated in Hong Kong. This study was conducted to assess antimicrobial use (AMU) practices among companion animal veterinarians in Hong Kong and highlight the areas for targeted interventions. Data on demographics, antimicrobial prescribing behaviors, and administered antibiotic classes were collected using an online questionnaire targeting all registered companion animal veterinarians in Hong Kong (estimated at 800–900). Of all invited veterinarians, 112 submitted the survey and 74 finished the questionnaire. Most respondents worked in primary care practices (76.4 %) and were women (67.4 %); 85 % reported the absence of a formal, written AMU policy in their clinics. Veterinary drug handbooks were the main source of information used for AMU (76 %), followed by courses or workshops (64.6 %) and clinicians’ professional experience and judgment (59.5 %). Owner compliance issues regarding the dosage and duration of AMU were never-rarely observed by 63 %, and 21.5 % reported they never-rarely requested culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide their AMU. The majority (71 %) prescribed antimicrobials empirically in &gt; 30 % of cases. Most frequent barriers to ordering and conducting the susceptibility test were the financial burden on animal owners (82 %), delay in starting treatments (56 %), and time constraints (24 %). Most respondents never or rarely used preoperative (81 %) or postoperative (86 %) antimicrobials in clean surgical procedures. We highlighted key gaps in antimicrobial stewardship which can be addressed through locally tailored guidelines informed by our findings, education for veterinarians and pet owners, and improved enforcement of antimicrobial regulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ampicillin in awake and anesthetised dogs","authors":"Claire Pressiat ,&nbsp;Claire Audrac ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Marotto ,&nbsp;Patrick Verwaerde ,&nbsp;Christelle Maurey ,&nbsp;Anne Hulin ,&nbsp;Matthias Kohlhauer","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to describe a population pharmacokinetic model for intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam in awake and anaesthetized dogs in these two treatment scenarios and to compute PK/PD cut-offs (PK/PD_CO).</div><div>This was a prospective clinical trial in 20 client-owned dogs, either treated by ampicillin after post-surgical infection, or in the context of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. All animals received 20 mg/kg of ampicillin by slow iv route. During anesthesia ampicillin administration was repeated every 90 min according to standard recommendations, whereas in awake animals, ampicillin administration was every 8 h. A bi-compartmental model best described the data. Anesthesia and creatinine plasma concentration at the administration correlated with ampicillin clearance, which was 318 ± 36 ml/kg/h in awake animals and 186 ± 12 ml/kg/h in anesthetized animals. Monte-Carlo simulation showed that 20 mg/kg every 8 h in awake dogs led to PK/PD_CO of 0.5 mg/L using a target of 40 %fT&gt;MIC and 0.25 mg/L with 50 % fT&gt;MIC. Administration of ampicillin by prolonged infusion (4 h) every 8 h allowed to achieve a PK/PD_CO of 4 mg/L and 2 mg/L with the 40 % and 50 % targets, respectively. In anesthetized animals, repetition of the 20 mg/kg of ampicillin every 90 min allowed to remain above 4 mg/L during 100 % of the time.</div><div>Plasma clearance of ampicillin inversely correlates with creatinine plasma concentration in client-owned dogs and is reduced of about 40 % during anesthesia. In awake dogs, the standard regimen of 20 mg/kg every 8 h by intravenous route is probably insufficient to treat soft tissues infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Using prolonged infusion could help to increase ampicillin efficacy against specific pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}