Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"A survey of welfare problems associated with transporting horses by road in Germany (2022–2024)","authors":"Anna May ,&nbsp;Christopher B. Riley ,&nbsp;Annabel Scharre ,&nbsp;Yury Zablotski ,&nbsp;Barbara Padalino","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine road transport is stressful and associated with an increased risk of behavioral problems, injuries, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. This cross-sectional survey-based study aimed to describe transport-related practices and the perception of behavioral and health issues in Germany. The survey targeted horse owners (amateurs and professionals) and obtained demographic details, the participant's experience, frequency and duration of transportation, and behavioral and health problems related to equine transportation. Associations among behavioral and health problems and transport parameters were examined with logistic regression analysis. In total, 432 horse owners participated, but only 59.7 % (258 respondents) completed the questionnaire. Most journeys (72.5 %) were &lt; 2 h in duration and 45.8 % fed hay in transit. One-third of respondents observed behavioral and 42.6 % reported health problems. Diarrhea was most common (33.9 %), followed by injuries (19.3 %), muscle disorders (4 %), respiratory problems, and colic (each 2.4 %). Professionals were less likely to observe diarrhea in transported horses than amateurs (OR 1.04). In single transportation, horses were significantly more likely to show behavioral problems than when transported together (OR 0.53, CI 0.35–0.76, <em>P</em> = 0.001). In conclusion, most of the journeys in Germany were short (&lt;2 h). A high rate of behavioral problems was reported, whereas health issues were considerably less frequently observed. This may be associated with management practices, implementation of safety equipment, shorter travel distances, and favorable climatic conditions in comparison to other studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 106322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diaphragm ultrasound as a tool to study respiratory function in dogs: A validation study correlating sonographic findings with oesophageal pressure and spirometry during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing","authors":"Ilaria Tommasi ,&nbsp;Stefano Oricco ,&nbsp;Daniele Medico ,&nbsp;Diego Sarotti ,&nbsp;Roberto Rabozzi ,&nbsp;Paolo Franci","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This prospective observational study investigated the correlation between diaphragmatic ultrasound indices (movement and thickening fraction) and trans-diaphragmatic, oesophageal, or transpulmonary pressures, as well as tidal volumes, in anaesthetised dogs. Fifty-seven dogs of various breeds undergoing different procedures were studied under mechanical ventilation at three tidal volumes (5, 10, and 20 ml/kg) and during spontaneous breathing post-ventilation.</div><div>Diaphragmatic movement was evaluated with a microconvex probe in M-mode using the transversal plane during mechanical ventilation, and both transversal and longitudinal planes during spontaneous breathing. Diaphragmatic thickening fraction was assessed with a linear probe using M-mode and B-mode scans during spontaneous breathing. Oesophageal and gastric pressures were measured via a nasogastric feeding tube, with data collected across three respiratory cycles. Transpulmonary pressure strongly correlated with diaphragmatic excursion during mechanical ventilation (rho =.81; P &lt; .001). Moderate correlations were observed between tidal volume and diaphragmatic excursion during spontaneous breathing (rho =.72 for longitudinal and.70 for transversal planes; P &lt; .001). Fair correlations were found between oesophageal pressure and diaphragmatic slope during spontaneous breathing (rho =.56 for longitudinal and.46 for transversal planes; P &lt; .001). Longitudinal and transversal planes strongly correlated for excursion (rho =.94; P &lt; .001) and slope (rho =.91; P &lt; .001), with no fixed bias. Diaphragmatic thickening fraction did not correlate with oesophageal pressure (rho =.26 for B-mode and .129 for M-mode; P = .051 and .34, respectively). These findings highlight ultrasound as a promising tool for assessing diaphragmatic function in veterinary medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dried distillers’ grains with solubles as a key feed ingredient in dairy cow diets: Implications for colostrum quality and calf immunity","authors":"Andrzej Zachwieja ,&nbsp;Ewa Pecka-Kiełb ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Humienna ,&nbsp;Anna Zielak-Steciwko ,&nbsp;Bożena Króliczewska ,&nbsp;Jowita Kaszuba ,&nbsp;Maciej Adamski ,&nbsp;Joanna Tumanowicz ,&nbsp;Martyna Wilk","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study evaluated the effect of incorporating dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) into the cow’s diet during the dry period on colostrum quality, concentrations of protein, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum of cows and calves. Three weeks prior to the expected calving date, cows were selected and assigned to four groups, each comprising 15 animals. The standard group (Group I) was fed a standard total mixed ration (TMR). Groups II, III, and IV received TMR supplemented with DDGS at rates of 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg per head per day, respectively. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from all cows. Blood samples were also obtained from calves on the 3rd and 30th days of life. Analyses of colostrum: basic composition, amino acid profile, IgG, IgA, IgM, protein fraction distribution, and concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, K, and Na. In blood samples, total protein content and IgG levels were determined. Colostrum from cows in groups I and IV had decreased lactoferrin level compared to group II. In group III, an increase in IgG and total protein levels was observed. Regardless of the DDGS supplementation levels in maternal feed rations, an increase in total protein and IgG levels was noted in the serum of calves on both the 3rd and 30th days of age. These findings suggest that the use of DDGS in cow’s diets during the pre-calving period appears to enhance colostrum quality, and would seem to increase immunoglobulin levels and improve passive immunity in calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D are decreased in dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis","authors":"Arnaud Snoeck ,&nbsp;Jared A. Jaffey ,&nbsp;Frédéric Billen ,&nbsp;Nina F. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Peeters ,&nbsp;Caroline Le Goff ,&nbsp;Etienne Cavalier ,&nbsp;Dominique Peeters ,&nbsp;Cécile Clercx","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) is a poorly understood disease and remains a challenge to treat. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with many infectious diseases in humans and Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in experimental mice decreases resistance to <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>. The objective of this study was to determine whether dogs with SNA have different VitD metabolite concentrations compared to healthy dogs (HD) and dogs with other nasal conditions and if those concentrations change after cure for SNA dogs. Twenty-two dogs with SNA, 12 HD, 9 dogs with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (LPR) and 10 dogs with nasal neoplasia (NN) were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ (25(OH)D₂), 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (24,25(OH)₂D₃), 3-epimer-25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (3-epi-25(OH)D₃) concentrations were measured by a certified liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method at time of diagnosis or revisit. Twelve SNA dogs were available for serial blood collection until cure. Serum 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)₂D₃ were lower in dogs with SNA (mean ± standard deviation; 23 ng/ml ± 7.3 and 10.2 ng/ml ± 4.2, respectively) than in HD (34.1 ng/ml ± 7.5; <em>P</em> = 0.007 and 18.2 ng/ml ± 5.4; <em>P</em> = 0.002) while there was no difference among the other groups. Cured SNA dogs had higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations (27.7 ng/ml ± 9.4) compared to before treatment (23.1 ng/ml ± 7.7; <em>P</em> = 0.0002). These results further support the rationale that VitD may play a role in the complex SNA pathophysiology. Whether lower VitD status contributes to the development of the disease or is a consequence of it is unknown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles enhance adipose mesenchymal stem cell survival ex vivo","authors":"Dongsheng Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Junyong Yao ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (ATEVs) have garnered attention for their roles in intercellular communication and regulation. This study presents the first investigation of equine adipose tissue, with ATEV being extracted concurrently during the isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Through CCK-8 cell proliferation assays and scratch migration assays, a significant promotional effect of ATEV on ADSCs was observed, which not only accelerated the proliferation rate of the stem cells but also enhanced their migratory capacity. The application of Trypan Blue exclusion and live-dead cell staining further demonstrated the positive effects of ATEV on maintaining the viability of ADSCs during ex vivo storage. These findings provide new insights into the potential applications of ATEV in stem cell therapy, tissue repair, and regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital dermatitis in dairy cattle in Egypt: Herd-level risk factors and Treponema spp. prevalence across lesion M-scores","authors":"S.E. Salem ,&nbsp;A. Monir ,&nbsp;H.M. Abdallah ,&nbsp;A.F. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;H.A. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;W. Refaai ,&nbsp;A.B. Ahmed ,&nbsp;H.E.M. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;M. El-Sheikh ,&nbsp;A. Mesalam","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital dermatitis (DD) is an infectious disease of the digital skin of dairy cows that is associated with compromised animal welfare and significant economic losses. The hind feet of 16,098 dairy cows from 55 herds were examined in the milking parlor, and DD lesions identified were classified using the M-score system and swabbed for PCR testing. Swabs were also collected from hind feet with normal digital skin for comparison. Data on farm construction and lameness prevention measures were collected through direct observation and in-person interviews with farm managers. Herd-level risk factors for DD were investigated using mixed-effects logistic regression models, with Farm ID included as a random-effects variable. The average within-herd and herd prevalence of DD were 6.4 % (95 % CI: 4.9–8.0 %) and 92.7 % (<em>n</em> = 51, 95 % CI: 85.9–99.6 %), respectively. Among the investigated DD lesions, DD-associated treponemes were identified at frequencies of 87 % for <em>Treponema spp.,</em> 87.5 % for <em>T. medium</em>, 86.2 % for <em>T. phagedenis-like</em>, and 78.3 % for <em>T. pedis</em>. Additionally, <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em> and <em>Dichelobacter nodosus</em> were identified at frequencies of 37 % and 15.4 %, respectively. Samples from normal digital skin exhibited substantially lower frequencies for all bacterial species investigated. Risk factors significantly associated with DD in the final multivariable model included practice of preventive early lactation trimming (OR=0.45, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.78) and the presence of an abrasive bedding on farms (OR=1.6, 95 % CI: 1.01–2.6). This comprehensive molecular and epidemiological analysis enhances understanding of DD etiology in Egypt and contributes to the development of effective control programs to improve cow welfare and support the sustainability of milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observer reliability in counting erythrocyte ghost cells and impact of short-term storage of canine and feline blood samples","authors":"Asger Lundorff Jensen,&nbsp;Kamilja Sayed Gammal Bruun,&nbsp;Stephanie Heimann,&nbsp;Rebecca Langhorn,&nbsp;Anne K.H. Krogh","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of erythrocyte ghost cells (EG) in blood smears indicates intravascular haemolysis or in-vitro haemolysis. However, observer reliability in detection of EG has not been documented. Immediate blood smear preparation is advised but may not always be practical. This study investigated the reliability of EG detection and the impact of delayed blood smear preparation. Forty blood smears from dogs and cats were evaluated twice by four observers. EG development was studied in 59 dogs and nine cats, with smears prepared at 0, 2, and 24 h post-collection. Intra- and inter-observer reliability, as assessed using Krippendorff’s Alpha, ranged from 0.567 and 0.949, and 0.522 and 0.848, respectively, indicating moderate to substantial agreement. No significant increase in EG occurrence was noted between 0 and 2 h, but a significant increase was observed at 24 h. The findings suggest that EG can be reliably detected and that blood smears for the evaluation of EG can be prepared up to 2 h after blood collection without compromising detection of EG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplement on liver functionality index and metabolic parameters in transition period of dairy cattle","authors":"Mohammad Salahlou ,&nbsp;Ali Hajimohammadi ,&nbsp;Saeed Nazifi ,&nbsp;Abbas Rowshan-Ghasrodashti ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nikzad ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Mirzaei","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research sought to evaluate the potential effects of probiotics and yeast cell wall (<strong>YCW</strong>) supplements on the liver functionality index (<strong>LFI</strong>) and metabolic parameters of dairy cattle throughout the transitional period. A cohort of forty dry cows was randomly divided into four groups, namely the probiotic group (<strong>Pr</strong>) receiving a basal diet combined with a blend of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Bacillus lechiniformis</em>, <em>Streptococcus Thermophilis</em>, and <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>; the YCW group receiving a basal diet enriched with <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>; the probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (<strong>P &amp; Y</strong>) receiving a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract; and the control group adhering to the basal diet. The intervention was initiated 21 days before calving and persisted until 28 days post-calving, except for the control group. The study entailed the collection of blood samples at four sampling times, encompassing 21 days preceding calving, seven days before calving, seven days post-calving, and four weeks post-calving. Multiple biochemical parameters were assessed, including urea, blood urea nitrogen (<strong>BUN</strong>), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (<strong>GGT</strong>), total bilirubin (<strong>TB</strong>), albumin, total protein (<strong>TP</strong>), globulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and liver functionality index. The results showed that the Pr group exhibited reduced average levels of GGT and glucose compared to the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the P &amp; Y group demonstrated lower average BUN, TB, and cholesterol levels than the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, the LFI exhibited a discernible trend towards elevation in the Pr group compared to the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and the P &amp; Y group (<em>P</em> = 0.007). In essence, supplementation of YCW and probiotics is associated with advantageous effects on metabolic parameters and liver function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid reveals putative protein biomarkers for canine non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis","authors":"M. Aradillas-Pérez ,&nbsp;E.M. Espinosa-López ,&nbsp;B. Ortiz-Guisado ,&nbsp;E.M. Martín-Suárez ,&nbsp;G. Gómez-Baena ,&nbsp;A. Galán-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate ante-mortem diagnosis of non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis (NIME) in dogs is challenging due to the similarity of clinical presentations, imaging findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis results with other diseases. This study aimed to apply state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic technology to identify novel biomarkers for NIME. Serum and CSF samples from 11 dogs were included, with the control group consisting of patients presenting with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD, n = 6) and the study group consisting of dogs suffering from NIME (n = 5). Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics revealed a set of 36 proteins with significant differential abundance in CSF samples. Up-regulated proteins in NIME CSF included immunoglobulins, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 2, acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase, and chitinase 3-like protein 1, all associated with immune response and inflammation. Conversely, significantly down-regulated proteins included neural cell adhesion molecule, contactin-1, and procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer, which are involved in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. No differences in serum profiles were observed among the groups. This study identified a panel of CSF protein biomarker candidates for NIME and provided new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease, suggesting that neuronal dysfunction and immune dysregulation may be involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of patient positioning on retrieval of cystoliths by percutaneous cystolithotomy in dogs","authors":"R.C. Knight ,&nbsp;L.J. Owen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) is a minimally-invasive technique for removal of cystoliths. There is currently no information regarding optimum patient positioning during PCCL. The objective of this study was to assess whether patient positioning affected ease of cystolith retrieval via PCCL. PCCL was performed to retrieve artificial “cystoliths” in three canine cadavers weighing between 15 and 35 kg, using a threaded cannula and a rigid 30° 2.7 mm cystoscope. “Cystolith” retrieval was performed by retrograde flushing and use of a flexible stone basket, with the dog in 10° Trendelenburg, 10° reverse Trendelenburg, or neutral position. The location of the “cystoliths”, number retrieved during flushing, and total time for retrieval were recorded and compared between different positions. The mean total time for “cystolith” retrieval was 392 ± 131 s, with 162 ± 20 s for flushing and 221 ± 123 s for basket-retrieval. The mean number of “cystoliths” retrieved during flushing was 3 ± 2. No significant differences were detected when comparing retrieval times between different positions. The predominant location of the “cystoliths” within the bladder varied depending on the position of the dog. In neutral, 93 % were located adjacent to the ureteric openings, whereas in 10° reverse Trendelenburg, 100 % were located by the urethral orifice. In 10° Trendelenburg, 60 % “cystoliths” were located at the tip of the cannula. Cystolith retrieval during PCCL can be performed in either neutral, Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg position. Changing the dog’s position may be useful in cases where cystolith retrieval is challenging, to move the cystoliths and enable different techniques to be employed using the stone basket.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}