Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"An exploratory study of cervical disc degeneration model and mechanism of acupuncture therapy in rabbits","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Qianyu Jia ,&nbsp;Haidong Pang ,&nbsp;Bo Kang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acupuncture is an important therapy method in traditional Chinese medicine for treating intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), offering a wide range of applications. It is based on the theory of Chinese veterinary medicine and combines the stage of the disease course and individual differences for syndrome differentiation and treatment. However, there are few studies on the acupuncture treatment of cervical disc degeneration (CDD) in rabbits. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the basic principle of Chinese veterinary treatment. The selection of acupoints for external treatment should be based on individual etiology and pathogenesis. Nevertheless, most current studies do not follow this guideline. In this study, we established the CDD model and explored the mechanism of acupuncture treatment in alleviating CDD in rabbits by selecting a group of main acupoints including cervical Jiaji, Fengchi, Tianzhu, Naohu, Dazhui, and Houxi acupoints, combined with Western medicine's understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical spondylosis, from the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and tissue-repairing perspectives. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the successful establishment of the rabbit CDD model. Acupuncture stimulation reduced the increase of average and maximum neck temperature due to CDD in rabbits. The acupuncture treatment relieved the spinal disc damage in the neck of the rabbit, which also decreased the expression level of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and increased the expression level of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. In addition, it can alleviate the abnormal apoptosis of rabbit intervertebral disc, decrease the expression level of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and PGE2α, and alleviate the intense inflammation and pain response caused by CDD in rabbits. In conclusion, Acupuncture treatment can slow down the CDD of rabbits by regulating the inflammatory response and abnormal apoptosis of intervertebral disc tissue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Owner expectations regarding antimicrobial prescription for canine acute diarrhea: A prospective observational study from the capital of Denmark","authors":"A.S. Gravgaard ,&nbsp;L.R. Jessen ,&nbsp;C.R. Bjørnvad ,&nbsp;P.L. Heidemann ,&nbsp;K.J. Christensen ,&nbsp;E.K.S. Kristensen ,&nbsp;N. Dupont","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acute diarrhea is a common condition in dogs. Most cases are mild and self-limiting and according to guidelines, antimicrobial treatment is only indicated in dogs with severe systemic disease. However, antimicrobials are still prescribed in 50–65 % of mild cases. Multiple factors have been shown to influence the antimicrobial prescription decision, including perceived pressure from pet owners. This study aimed to investigate dog owners’ expectations regarding antimicrobial prescription for dogs with acute diarrhea and the attending veterinarians’ perceived owner expectation. To investigate this, a structured telephone interview with owners and a post-consultation questionnaire for the attending veterinarians were conducted. Ninety-nine unique dog-consultations were included with a 91 % owner response rate (n = 90), in these cases 63 % of veterinarians responded (n = 57). Only 6/90 (7 %) owners expressed an expectation of antimicrobial prescription. Of these, two expressed dissatisfaction that antimicrobials were withheld. In 5/57 cases, the attending veterinarian perceived an expectation to prescribe antimicrobials. Three cases aligned with an actual owner expectation, the latter two were pure perception. Eighty percent of owners expressed satisfaction with the consultation in general (n = 72/90), while 16 % (14/90) and 4 % (4/90) expressed minor or major dissatisfaction with non-treatment related issues, respectively. In this study, very few dog owners expressed an expectation of antimicrobials for treatment of acute diarrhea. Likewise, the veterinarians perceived an expectation in only a minority of cases, however, the actual and perceived expectation did not always align. In conclusion, this study suggests that an overall high owner satisfaction is feasible despite a non-antimicrobial approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001825/pdfft?md5=8e04c153f14989efb918665147b069b7&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001825-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced immune response with baculovirus-expressed BoHV-1 glycoprotein D in vaccine development","authors":"Nguyen-Thanh Hoa ,&nbsp;Haroon Afzal ,&nbsp;Uudamsaikhan Gundegmaa ,&nbsp;Odbileg Raadan ,&nbsp;Li-Ting Cheng ,&nbsp;Chun-Yen Chu ,&nbsp;Thu-Dung Doan ,&nbsp;Yao-Chi Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a significant pathogen in the alpha-herpesvirus subfamily, primarily infects cattle and causes the upper respiratory disease known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). In silico studies evaluated the BoHV-1 D protein to be non-allergenic, non-toxic, and highly antigenic, highlighting its potential as an antigen for vaccine development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a subunit vaccine using the ectodomain of glycoprotein D (gD_34–380) as an antigen. The truncated gD was successfully cloned and expressed in both <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>, termed EgD) and baculovirus (termed BgD) systems, with expected molecular weights of 65 kDa and 50 kDa, respectively. For the vaccine formulation, the gD proteins were used either alone or in combination with in-house inactivated BoHV-1. Vaccination of mice and bovines showed that baculovirus-expressed gD_34–380 accelerated the antibody response. Moreover, the BgD-vaccinated group also showed significantly higher neutralizing antibody levels against BoHV-1 than the control group (p&lt;0.0001). In conclusion, our study found that BgD from BoHV-1 can increase the immune response and enhance vaccine efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exocrine pancreatic inflammation in canine diabetes mellitus – An active offender?","authors":"Arielle Johnson-Pitt ,&nbsp;Brian Catchpole ,&nbsp;Lucy J. Davison","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this review is to examine the current scientific literature regarding the interplay between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas, specifically the role of the exocrine pancreas in the pathogenesis of canine diabetes mellitus. β-cell death caused by exocrine pancreatic inflammation is thought to be an under-recognised contributor to diabetes mellitus in dogs, with up to 30 % of canine diabetic patients with concurrent evidence of pancreatitis at post-mortem examination. Current diagnostics for pancreatitis are imprecise, and treatments for both diseases individually have their own limitations: diabetes through daily insulin injections, which has both welfare and financial implications for the stakeholders, and pancreatitis through treatment of clinical signs, such as analgesia and anti-emetics, rather than targeted treatment of the underlying cause. This review will consider the evidence for exocrine pancreatic inflammation making an active contribution to pancreatic β-cell loss and insulin-deficiency diabetes in the dog and explore current and potential future diagnostic and treatment avenues to improve outcomes for these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001801/pdfft?md5=842536cb9de55741f18a03fa10344fe4&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001801-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the diagnostic accuracy of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ coliform and aerobic count plates to measure colostrum bacterial contamination on Scottish dairy farms","authors":"Tracy Anderson ,&nbsp;Alexandra Haggerty ,&nbsp;Emily Silva ,&nbsp;Colin Mason ,&nbsp;David Bell ,&nbsp;Katharine S. Denholm","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A calf should receive 10–12 % of its bodyweight in high quality colostrum ( &gt;50 g/L immunoglobulin) shortly after birth in order to confer passive immunity, with calves ideally receiving their first feed of colostrum in the first 1–2 hours of life (Godden et al., 2019). It is recommended (not validated) that total counts for bacteria and coliforms in colostrum should not exceed 100,000 colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) and 10,000 CFU/mL, respectively. This study was conducted between March and September 2023. Eighty-five colostrum samples from 5 commerical dairy farms in Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland were purposively selected. Samples were collected from various stages during the colostrum harvest, storage and feeding process to provide multiple samples with variable (low, medium and high) bacterial contamination. The objective of this study was to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the 3 M Petrifilm™ Coliform Count Plate (CCP) and Aerobic Count Plate (ACP) for colostrum bacteriology. The Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count Plates were compared to 5 % sheep blood agar (SBA) (total bacteria counts, TBC), and the Petrifilm™ Coliform Count Plates were compared to MacConkey plates (MAC) (total coliform counts, TCC) and test sensitivity and specificity were calculated.</p><p>Colostrum bacterial contamination was highly variable between farms (TBC median and interquartile range= 50,000CFU/mL and 546000CFU/mL; TCC median and interquartile range=100,750CFU/mL and 188,500CFU/mL). Overall correlation between the Petrifilms™ and reference plate measures was moderate (Spearman rho=0.38–0.47). The statistical accuracy of the Petrifilm™ systems and the test sensitivity were improved by lowering the bacterial cutpoint from 100,000CFU/mL to 91,000 CFU/mL for the aerobic counts plates and from 10,000CFU/mL to 1500 CFU/mL for the coliform count plates. The Petrifilm™ system could be used as a monitoring tool to provide quick and statistically accurate results for TBC and TCC but should not be seen as a comprehensive solution for poor colostrum hygiene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001692/pdfft?md5=2f69f5577383895dc853a08ea13cbedb&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001692-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome sequencing of canine distemper virus isolates from unvaccinated dogs in Mongolia","authors":"Ariunbold Munkhtsetseg ,&nbsp;Enkhbaatar Batmagnai ,&nbsp;Myagmarsuren Odonchimeg ,&nbsp;Gombodash Ganbat ,&nbsp;Yondonjamts Enkhmandakh ,&nbsp;Gantulga Ariunbold ,&nbsp;Tsedenbal Dolgorsuren ,&nbsp;Raadan Odbileg ,&nbsp;Purevtseren Dulam ,&nbsp;Bumduuren Tuvshintulga ,&nbsp;Chihiro Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Sakoda ,&nbsp;Junya Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Dashzevge Erdenechimeg","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Canine distemper virus (CDV) triggers a severe, often fatal disease in dogs and wildlife known as canine distemper (CD). Prior research has noted significant genetic diversity and recombination among CDV isolates from different geographical regions, potentially contributing to vaccine failures. Despite this, no genetic characterization of Mongolian CDVs has been conducted. This study, isolated CDVs from three unvaccinated dogs: two 10-month-old mixed-breeds and an 18-month-old Samoyed. All exhibited CD symptoms and subsequently died. Virus isolation was conducted using Vero/dog SLAM cells, with genome sequencing performed via nanopore technology. The mixed-breed dogs were infected with non-recombinant CDV isolates, forming a sister clade to the Asia-1 lineage prevalent in Asia. The Samoyed was infected with a non-recombinant CDV isolate, classifying as Asia-4 lineage sporadically reported in some Asian countries. This sequencing data offers foundational information on genetic diversity, aiding CD control measure development and benefiting future Eurasia and Asian studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and serological screening of coxiellosis in bovines with reproductive disorders in dairy farms","authors":"Neha Parmar ,&nbsp;Satyaveer Singh Malik ,&nbsp;Manesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Jay Prakash Yadav ,&nbsp;V.K. Vinod ,&nbsp;M.S. Sivaprasad ,&nbsp;Brijesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Jess Vergis ,&nbsp;E.S. Sanjumon ,&nbsp;Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe ,&nbsp;Deepak Bhiwa Rawool","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Coxiella burnetii</em> infection is an emerging/re-emerging public health problem affecting several countries worldwide. In India, the disease is mainly underdiagnosed, creating hindrances in its effective control. This study investigated the occurrence of <em>C. burnetii</em> among apparently healthy cattle and cattle with a history of reproductive disorders by both PCR and indirect-ELISA. A total of 731 clinical samples (serum: 531, and vaginal swabs as well as blood: 100 each) from 531 cattle were screened for coxiellosis. The serum, blood, and vaginal swabs each collected from 100 cattle with a history of reproductive disorders were screened using Com1-PCR, Trans-PCR, and indirect-ELISA. Conversely, serum samples obtained from apparently healthy cattle were exclusively screened using indirect ELISA. None of the samples tested could detect <em>C. burnetii</em> in PCR assays, while 13.37 % of serum samples were found to be seropositive in i-ELISA. Seropositivity noted among clinically healthy and those suffering from reproductive disorders were 12.76 % and 16 %, respectively, exhibiting a non-significant difference observed between these two categories. The obtained results suggested that the occurrence of coxiellosis did not differ significantly between clinically healthy animals and those with reproductive disorders; hence, in farms affected with <em>C. burnetii</em> infection, screening healthy and symptomatic animals is crucial to implement appropriate preventive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol plus krill oil supplementation improves chronic stifle osteoarthritis in dogs: A double-blind randomized controlled trial","authors":"K. Soontornvipart ,&nbsp;P. Wongsirichatchai ,&nbsp;A. Phongphuwanan ,&nbsp;K. Chatdarong ,&nbsp;S. Vimolmangkang","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common orthopedic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and pain in dogs and cats. <em>Cannabis</em> spp. contains cannabidiol (CBD), a substance with pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties in different animals including dogs with OA. The use of CBD supplements has been increasingly intertwining in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CBD + krill oil-supplemented biscuit against canine OA<strong>.</strong> In total<strong>,</strong> 30 dogs with stifle OA were randomized and divided into the placebo, krill oil, and CBD + krill oil groups. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment against pain. Stifle temperature was monitored to identify degrees of stifle inflammation. Two and one dogs in the placebo group were excluded from the study due to worsening lameness and increased pain interference score (PIS) and pain severity score (PSS) at days 14 and 28, respectively.</p><p>The PIS and PSS scores of the krill oil and CBD + krill oil groups gradually and significantly improved after two weeks of treatment. The CBD + krill oil group had better PIS and PSS scores than the placebo and krill oil groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the PIS and PSS scores between the krill oil and CBD + krill oil groups. The stifle temperature of the three groups at different periods did not significantly differ. In conclusion, CBD + krill oil supplements are safe against canine OA. CBD can reduce pain and inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of prophylactic tranexamic acid on the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in greyhounds","authors":"O.P. Gilman ,&nbsp;K. Borgeat ,&nbsp;H.E. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate whether the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in greyhounds was reduced when a standardized protocol for prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) administration to greyhounds undergoing surgery was followed, a retrospective clinical study at a private referral and first opinion hospital group was performed. Patient records of client-owned greyhounds undergoing elective surgery or dental procedures involving extractions were examined retrospectively, and 58 incidents of surgery considered eligible were documented, along with any subsequent reports of hemorrhage and whether the TXA protocol was followed.</p><p>The use of TXA was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in this population of greyhounds. In the group that did not receive TXA, post-operative hemorrhage was reported in 7/37 (18.9 %) cases and in the prophylactic TXA group, post-operative hemorrhage was reported in 11/21 (52.4 %) cases, a significantly higher number than in the group that did not receive TXA. Interestingly, in our population, prophylactic administration of TXA was not associated with a reduction in post-operative hemorrhage, but with a higher incidence of hemorrhage. We belief that descrepencies in our dataset may explain these findings, and a prospective randomized-controlled trial should be performed to further investigate the efficacy of TXA as an antifibrinolytic agent in greyhounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopic imaging of equine endometrium: Preliminary observations and feasibility study","authors":"K. Gallacher ,&nbsp;L. Woolford ,&nbsp;L.C. Santos ,&nbsp;P.B.S. Serpa ,&nbsp;J. Len ,&nbsp;R.O. Gilbert ,&nbsp;K.L. Kind","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endometrial health is vital for the reproductive efficiency of broodmares and accurate diagnostic testing is crucial for directing the best treatment options and outcomes. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an endoscopic technique for obtaining in-vivo, real-time microscopic imaging of tissues using a fiber optic probe. CLE relies on induced tissue fluorescence and fluorescein sodium, given intravenously, is the contrast agent most used in human medicine. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of CLE for imaging equine endometrium and determine a standard dose of fluorescein sodium to achieve optimal cellular imaging. In-vivo CLE was performed on 44 mares, and the images were compared with routine histopathological analysis of endometrial biopsies. No adverse reactions occurred after IV fluorescein sodium administration and a dose of 4 mg/kg was established (0.04 mL/kg of 10 % fluorescein sodium solution) to achieve optimal image contrast. CLE enabled multiple regions of the endometrium to be assessed quickly. Distinct tissue architecture patterns could be appreciated using CLE, and the luminal epithelium could be assessed for integrity (ulceration) and exocytosed inflammatory cells. Endometrial gland distribution, density, shape, and epithelial height were evaluated. Blood vessels were clearly outlined, and inflammatory cells and fibrosis were discernable within the interstitium. Image quality varied between mares, and the stage of oestrous cycle may have been a factor of influence. This novel imaging modality enables collection of “virtual” biopsies and facilitates critical assessment of multiple regions of the uterus compared with the standard histopathologic assessment of a single random tissue biopsy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324001618/pdfft?md5=195c1ff9a6f7b41318a983ce7cfa6400&pid=1-s2.0-S1090023324001618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}