Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Hormonal Trends During Reproductive Stages and Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Gestational Age in British Shorthair Cats.","authors":"Tingting Jiang, Wenwen Zhao, Li Han, Jianguo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As seasonal animals with multiple estrus cycles, cats have unique breeding characteristics. However, the trends of key hormone changes during the estrous, pregnancy, and lactation periods are not well understood, and there is a lack of ultrasound-based formulas for predicting fetal development at different stages. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes in key reproductive hormones and establish ultrasound-based methods to assess fetal development and predict gestational age in purebred British Shorthair cats (n=5). Plasma concentrations of estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P₄), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and melatonin (MT) were analyzed across estrous, pregnancy, and lactation. The correlations between ultrasound measurements and gestational age were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Additionally, we used ultrasound measurements to develop methods for assessing fetal development and predicting gestational age. E₂ peaked at 230.8 ± 50.08 pmol/L during estrus and showed a secondary peak around day 15 post-mating; P4 remained at baseline (1.02 ± 0.58 nmol/L) during estrus but reached a peak of 123.11 ± 23.87 nmol/L around day 21 of pregnancy. FSH and LH showed characteristic fluctuations, with peak concentrations of 29.2 ± 6.19 IU/L and 43.3 ± 12.23ng/L, respectively. Gestational age correlated strongly with ultrasound measurements of fetal length (r > 0.90), biparietal diameter, and femur length (all P < 0.001). Regression equations for these parameters were developed, enabling precise gestational age predictions. Notably, fetal heart rate followed a characteristic pattern, stabilizing at ~250 bpm mid-pregnancy before declining near parturition. These findings advance the understanding of feline reproductive physiology, providing critical benchmarks for reproductive monitoring, improved veterinary care, and breeding management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal antibodies to Bartha-K61 vaccine did not protect newborn piglets from challenge with novel recombinant pseudorabies virus.","authors":"Ying-Ying Liu, Tian-Tian Zhang, Yang Zhao, Nuo-Wa Li, Kanwar Kumar Malhi, Xin Yao, Jin-Long Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Bartha-K61 vaccine greatly helped to control or eliminate Pseudorabies virus (PRV) from pig populations in many countries and has been widely used worldwide to this day. Since the emergence of PRV variants in 2011, clinical production data suggest that controlling or eliminating PRV has become increasingly difficult. In this study, the PRV variant CH/JLHF/2022 was isolated from a farm in Jilin Province, China, where Bartha-K61 was administered in 2022. This strain is a recombinant strain composed of one major parent and four minor parents, belonging to the GII subtype, with a genome-wide homology of 90.7-98 % with other strains. Compared with the existing strains, new amino acid mutations were discovered for the first time in four important proteins, altering the corresponding protein structures. It is worth noting that a mutation in one of the proteins altered the epitope. In addition, serum neutralization experiments confirmed that CH/JLHF/2022 could evade antibodies produced by the Bartha-K61 vaccine, while the PRV variants were subjected to immune pressure. In vivo experiments showed that after inoculation of expectant sows with Bartha-K61 vaccine, newborn piglets were protected by the vaccine in the case of infection with the conventional variant. However, virus replication and excretion were observed in piglets infected with CH/JLHF/2022, and it damages the colonic intestinal barrier and reduces the length and density of jejunal villi. In conclusion, the newly emerged PRV variants have evolved from incomplete vaccine protection to a 100 % mortality rate in newborn piglets. This study provides new ideas for the evolution of PRV to evade immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of 3D-printed bone models as educational tools in veterinary anatomy: Insights from students and teachers","authors":"Caner Bakici ,&nbsp;Hasen Awel Yunus ,&nbsp;Barış Batur ,&nbsp;Seher Yalcin ,&nbsp;Okan Eki̇m ,&nbsp;Çağdaş Oto","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study on veterinary anatomy education compared the effectiveness of 3D-printed models and traditional biological samples in student learning. A mixed-method approach involving 132 first-year veterinary students utilized pre-test/post-test assessments, surveys, and focus group discussions. Organic bone samples were scanned and 3D-printed for use in the study. Findings indicated that both 3D-printed models and biological samples significantly improved students' post-test scores. However, students trained with organic bones performed significantly better on the post-test than those using 3D-printed models, albeit with a small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.35). Survey responses highlighted the advantages of 3D-printed models, such as hygiene, accessibility, and precise anatomical replication. Students preferred a combination of 3D-printed and organic models, appreciating the former’s durability and consistency alongside the latter’s authenticity. While biological bones remain slightly superior for osteology education due to their realism, integrating 3D-printed models enhances accessibility and supports a more comprehensive learning experience. This hybrid approach addresses evolving educational needs, offering a balanced strategy for veterinary anatomy instruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 106460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stunning techniques and climatic influence in rainbow trout: Sensibility state, welfare and recovery ability.","authors":"Roberto González-Garoz, Almudena Cabezas, Andrea Martínez Villalba, Elisabet González de Chávarri, Álvaro de la Llave-Propín, Morris Villarroel, Montserrat Fernández-Muela, Jesús De la Fuente, Rubén Bermejo-Poza, María Teresa Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of climatic conditions and three stunning techniques on the stress response, sensibility state, and recovery ability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Stunning methods included ice-water immersion (ICE) and two electric shock treatments combined with ice-water immersion (E200: 200mA for 2seconds; E400: 400mA for 0.5seconds followed by 200mA for 1.5seconds). Rainbow trout were exposed to these methods in winter and summer to assess the impact of seasonality. Under winter conditions, fish in the ICE group retained sensibility, whereas electrically stunned fish lost sensibility rapidly and remained insensible for an extended period. In summer, the ICE group exhibited a gradual loss of sensibility, while fish in both the E200 and E400 groups became immediately insensible post-stunning. Blood cortisol levels were significantly higher in the ICE group, indicating a stronger stress response, whereas electrically stunned fish had lower cortisol levels, likely due to their immediate loss of sensibility. Markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism also reflected an intensified mobilization during summer, highlighting the influence of seasonal variation. Regarding recovery ability, winter conditions promoted higher recovery rates across all groups, with over 50% of fish regaining sensibility. In contrast, electrically stunned fish in summer demonstrated lower recovery rates, suggesting potential irreversibility of the stunning effect, while ice-water immersion preserved recovery ability. These findings underscore the substantial impact of climatic conditions on stunning effectiveness and fish welfare in rainbow trout, emphasizing the importance of adjusting stunning techniques according to seasonal temperature changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a kibble diet versus a raw meat-based diet on energy metabolism biomarkers in dogs.","authors":"Sarah Holm, Emilia Baarman, Johanna Anturaniemi, Manal Hemida, Siru Salin, Kristiina A Vuori, Robin Moore, Anna Hielm-Björkman","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering that dogs originate from carnivorous wolves and do not have a requirement for carbohydrates, it may be questioned whether high-carbohydrate diets are beneficial to their health. It is unknown how low-carbohydrate raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) affect dogs' energy metabolism in comparison to traditional high-carbohydrate kibble diets. In this diet intervention study, 46 client-owned Staffordshire Bull Terriers ate either a kibble or a RMBD for a median of 4.5 months. Before and after the trial, fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, glucagon, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. Bodyweight was also evaluated. Comparisons were made between the two diet groups at baseline and end, and between baseline and end within both diet groups. The kibble diet significantly increased HbA1c, total cholesterol, BHB, and bodyweight, whereas the RMBD significantly increased BHB, and decreased glucose, glucagon, cholesterol, and TyG index, At the end of the trial, the kibble fed dogs had significantly higher concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and VLDL compared to the RMBD fed dogs, and the RMBD fed dogs had significantly lower glucagon and TyG index, and higher BHB compared to the kibble fed dogs. No changes were found in insulin and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, kibble and RMBDs have different effects on energy metabolism in dogs. More research is needed on how these forms of feeding may affect dogs' long-term health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Enzootic Bovine Hematuria: comparative performance of endoscopy and ultrasound in naturally occurring cases.","authors":"Marina Galindo Chenard, Jade de Menezes Paes, Josielle de Almeida Pereira, Luiz Filipe Cabral de Souza Ramos, Yohany Arnold Alfonso Pérez, Kicia Russano, Vivian de Assunção Nogueira Carvalho, Guilherme Nunes de Souza, Isabelle Magalhães da Cunha, Nayro Xavier Alencar, Daniel Augusto Barroso Lessa, Michel Abdalla Helayel","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound (US) and cystoscopy techniques assist in the diagnosis of diseases; however, in ruminant clinics, these methods are underutilized. Both have advantages and disadvantages that must be evaluated regarding the diagnosis of Enzootic Bovine Hematuria (EBH), a disease associated with the chronic consumption of Pteridium spp. due to the presence of ptaquiloside and dienone, compounds capable of reacting with nitrogenous bases when in aqueous solution, generating hematopoietic and carcinogenic effects on the bladder mucosa. This study compares these techniques for diagnosing EBH, assessing their efficacy, timeliness, and sensitivity in identifying the disease. The study involved 14 dairy cows from Rio Preto, Minas Gerais state, divided into three groups: G1/CH - Clinical Hematuria, comprising35.71% of the animals; G2/SCH - Subclinical Hematuria with 42.86%; and G3/HA - Healthy Animals with 21.42%. In the US, G1/CH showed greater thickening of the bladder wall, irregularities, and loss of urothelium stratification, being the most affected group. Lesions were observed in 6 animals from G1/CH and G2/SCH, mostly single and located in the caudo-dorsal and caudo-ventral regions. Cystoscopy, on the other hand, identified lesions in 10 animals across all three groups, mostly erosive and protruding, predominantly in the ventral region. It also identified changes in mucosal coloration, dilated vessels, and hemorrhagic foci. Cystoscopy demonstrated greater sensitivity than ultrasound; however, US allows for the evaluation of lesion thickness and location, complementing structural assessment. Techniques for detecting blood in urine and imaging techniques proved effective for early detection of the disease, regardless of severity and degree of hematuria, particularly when used in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of steroid hormones, stress biomarkers, and energy metabolism in hyperketonemic goats.","authors":"Cennet Nur Ünal, Murat Uzti̇mür","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperketonemia is a metabolic disease that generally occurs in the advanced stages of pregnancy in goats and sheep, often in the last 6-week period. During this period, the adrenal glands and placenta secrete various hormones to regulate metabolism. Excessive or insufficient secretion of these hormones can pose a vital threat to metabolism. In the study, 30 Hair goats from various farms in Bingöl province were examined during the last six weeks of the prepartum period. Goats with pregnancy toxemia are included in the hyperketonemia group (n = 20) while healthy goats presenting serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) < 0.8 mmol/L are allocated to the control group (n = 10). Biochemical parameters and steroid hormones related to energy metabolism and liver functions were analyzed. In the hyperketonemic group, levels of 1,4-delta androstendione (p = 0.001), 11-deoxycortisol (p = 0.003), aldosterone (p = 0.035), cortisol (p = 0.019), and corticosterone (p = 0.031) were higher compared to the control group, while levels of 17-OH progesterone (p = 0.020), 17-OH pregnenolone (p = 0.022), estradiol (p = 0.025), and progesterone (p = 0.037) were found to be lower. BHBA (p = 0.001) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (p = 0.001) concentrations were found to be higher in the hyperketonemic group compared to the control group. Glucose (p = 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.003), and VLDL (p = 0.003) levels were found to be higher in the control group compared to the hyperketonemic group. The observed changes in the levels of steroid hormones including 1,4-delta androstenedione, 17-OH pregnenolone, 17-OH progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, estradiol, and progesterone indicated that hyperketonemia is a disorder that impacts both stress markers and the endocrine system in goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in immunity- and stress- related saliva biomarkers following treatment of pigs with meningitis due to Streptococcus suis.","authors":"Alba Ortín-Bustillo, Elena Goyena, Andrea Martínez, José Joaquín Cerón Madrigal, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, María José López-Martínez, Edgar García Manzanilla, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Antonio González-Bulnes, Alberto Muñoz-Prieto","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this research was to evaluate the possible changes in a profile of biomarkers in saliva integrated by C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), adenosine deaminase (ADA), Calprotectin (S100A8/A9), alpha-amylase (sAA) and total proteins (TP) in pigs with Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection before and after treatment. Furthermore, a secondary aim was to provide data on the analytical validation of the two methods used in this report to quantify CRP and Hp in porcine saliva based on Alpha-LISA technology. CRP and Hp assays were precise and accurate. When the response of pigs with S. suis infection to treatment was evaluated, a significantly lower level of salivary CRP and sAA was observed in the pigs that recovered from the disease and did not present signs of illness after treatment at 3 days in comparison to the pre-treatment sampling (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). At 7 days after treatment, all evaluated salivary biomarkers showed a decrease in the recovered group compared to non-recovered group after treatment. In conclusion, newly developed methods showed adequate analytical and clinical validation results. Furthermore, saliva could be used for treatment monitoring of S. suis infection, being the effective response to the treatment associated with a decrease in the analytes measured in this report.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a competitive ELISA using monoclonal antibodies for detecting neutralizing antibodies against Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus.","authors":"Linjie Hu, Haoyue Xu, Xueliang Zhu, Hongjiao Peng, Ruixue Deng, Yuefeng Sun, Xuelian Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is an acute, contact infectious disease caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) infection. PPRV mainly infects goats, sheep and other small ruminants, posing a serious threat to the development of the livestock industry and the safety of wildlife. In this study, a competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) method for detecting neutralizing antibodies against PPRV was developed using the extracellular domain of haemagglutinin (tH) protein and a monoclonal antibody against tH protein. The results showed that the specificity and sensitivity of c-ELISA were 99.38% and 100%, respectively. The agreement rate of the c-ELISA and viral neutralization test (VNT) was 96.65%, suggesting that the c-ELISA could detect neutralizing antibody against PPRV and could be used for protective immunity evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of lyophilized hydatid cyst fluid in enhancing skin wound healing: In Vitro and In Vivo rat model studies.","authors":"Ahmed Abdelrahiem Sadek, Mahmoud Abdelhamid, Mahmoud Soliman, Mahmoud S Sabra, Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem, Kamal Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin plays a vital role in maintaining various physiological functions, including barrier protection, temperature regulation, and sensory perception. Effective wound healing is crucial for restoring tissue integrity after injury, involving a complex interplay of cellular and molecular mechanisms. Hydatid cyst fluid (HCF), derived from Echinococcus granulosus, contains bioactive components that may enhance wound healing. This study evaluates the potential of lyophilized HCF to promote skin wound repair using an in vitro assay and an in vivo rat wound model. Lyophilized HCF was prepared from hydatid cyst fluid obtained from the lungs of infected camels and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) on endothelial and fibroblast cell lines. An in vivo full-thickness skin defect model was created in rats, and wounds were treated with either lyophilized HCF or saline (control). Wound closure rates were measured on days 7 and 21, and histological evaluations were conducted using standard techniques. GC-MS analysis revealed that lyophilized HCF contains bioactive compounds, including antimicrobial agents, fatty acids, and molecules that promote angiogenesis. In vitro MTT assay confirmed that lyophilized HCF exhibited no cytotoxicity and supported cell viability. In vivo results revealed significantly improved wound closure in the HCF-treated group compared to control groups. Specifically, in the control group, the wound closure was 23.52 % ± 4.23 on day 7 and 86.02 % ± 1.08 on day 21. In the lyophilized HCF group, the closure was significantly higher, with 48.99 % ± 6.12 on day 7 and 91.13 % ± 1.9 on day 21. Histological analysis revealed that the HCF-treated wounds exhibited significantly improved epithelialization (p = 0.0211 on day 7; p = 0.0003 on day 21), reduced inflammatory cell infiltration (p = 0.0277 on day 7; p = 0.0179 on day 21), enhanced collagen deposition (p = 0.0082 on day 7; p = 0.0127 on day 21), and increased angiogenesis (p = 0.0001 on day 7; p < 0.0001 on day 21), compared to the control group. In conclusion, lyophilized HCF promotes effective wound healing through its bioactive components, supporting cell proliferation, reducing inflammation, and enhancing collagen deposition and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that HCF could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for wound repair. Further studies are warranted to explore its clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}