Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of a slow walk at pre-slaughter on behavior, physiology, oxidative stress, carcass and meat quality in beef cattle.","authors":"Maria Eugênia A Canozzi, Santiago Luzardo, Anderson Saravia, Cecilia Carballo, Facundo Ibañez, Vanessa Peripolli, Georgget Banchero, Juan Manuel Clariget","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress is inevitable in pre-slaughter management. Unusual physical activity is a stress factor since cattle are sedentary animals. We investigated the effect of a slow walk, the day before slaughter, on steers' physiology, behavior, energy and antioxidant reserves, carcass and meat quality. Over five years, 660 pasture-finished steers were evaluated. In each slaughter, animals were individually weighed and randomly allocated to one experimental group (n= 15/group): 0 (unexercised control) and 10km (walking stress). Twenty-two slaughters were considered in a randomized complete block design. Steers walked 10km at an average speed of 4.22km/h in approximately 2h 22min. On farm, in the hour following the end of the exercise, the \"walking stress\" steers reduced rumination sixfold (P = 0.002) and increased panting tenfold (P = 0.003) than steers from unexercised control. Water intake was double in the \"walking stress\" group compared to unexercised steers (P = 0.005). After slaughter, no differences (P > 0.10) were found on carcass traits, blood indicators of stress, and muscle antioxidants. Steers of the \"walking stress\" showed lower drip (P = 0.07) and cooking (P = 0.08) losses and shear force (P = 0.04) than those from the unexercised control group. Glycogen concentration was lower (P = 0.006) in steers from \"walking stress\" group than in unexercised control, without differences (P > 0.10) in lactate. A walk on the day before slaughter, at the speed and distance employed, generated physiological and behavioral responses, but did not compromise carcass and meat quality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Viscoelastic Skin Properties in a Porcine Model: Implications for Regenerative Therapies.","authors":"V Váňa, N Koudelková, B Lipový, M Knoz, D Matysková, E Jeklová, M Skotáková, J Holoubek","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe cutaneous and soft-tissue injuries remain a major clinical and socioeconomic challenge. Advances in resuscitation and intensive care have improved survival, but long-term outcomes depend on restoration of mechanically competent skin. Pigs are widely used as translational models for dermal regeneration, yet in vivo viscoelastic mapping of porcine skin is lacking. This study aimed to characterize regional and weight-dependent differences in porcine skin mechanics using cutometer-based suction measurements and to identify potentially useful conditions for preclinical testing of biomaterials and wound therapies. A total of 10 female domestic pigs (30-180kg) contributed measurements across six weight categories. Cutometric parameters (R0, R5, R7, R8) were recorded at six standardized dorsal regions under general anesthesia, with repeated curves averaged for analysis. Given the limited sample size and irregular repeated-measures structure, basic descriptive statistics (medians, interquartile ranges) were used in this exploratory pilot study to assess relationships between body weight, anatomical region, laterality and viscoelastic behavior. Across all regions, the 70kg group showed descriptively higher skin distensibility (R0) and recovery-related values (R8), while heavier pigs (100-120kg) tended to exhibit higher elasticity- and resilience-related values (R5, R7). When the dorsum was divided into head, middle and rear sections, the head generally demonstrated greater distensibility and elasticity, whereas the rear showed better recovery. Left-right differences were modest, with a slight tendency towards higher distensibility and elasticity on the left side at lower weights. Overall, the 70-120kg range and specific dorsal regions (particularly 1, 3, and 6) showed consistent descriptive viscoelastic patterns. These findings provide the first cutometric map of porcine skin and may serve as a biomechanical reference for informing experimental design and outcome assessment in regenerative and wound-healing research, while acknowledging the exploratory nature and limited sample size of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood pressure, electrolyte and fluid balance in horses with insulin dysregulation after short-term treatment with canagliflozin.","authors":"Katarina Nostell, Sanna Lindåse, Elin Svonni, Katja Höglund, Johan Bröjer","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short-term treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors decreases blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes. The aim was to investigate the impact of a 3-week treatment with canagliflozin on blood pressure in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses and to study effects on fluid balance. This was a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The primary study evaluated glucose and insulin responses during an oral sugar test, and these results have been published previously. Here we report the effect of canagliflozin treatment on blood pressure, PCV, serum proteins and electrolytes. Baseline data were collected over an initial 3-day period from 16 privately owned ID horses and ponies. On the morning of the third day, serum electrolytes, serum proteins and PCV were analysed along with measurement of blood pressure using the non-invasive high definition oscillometry technique. Horses were then randomly assigned to either once-daily oral treatment with 0.6mg/kg canagliflozin or placebo for a 3-week double-blind treatment period at home and a 3-day follow-up period similar to the baseline period, during which the double-blind treatment continued. There was no significant detectable change in systolic-, diastolic- and mean arterial blood pressure in canagliflozin treated horses compared to placebo. PCV, serum protein and electrolytes did not differ between treatments. Compared to humans, a significant reduction in blood pressure was not observed after short-term canagliflozin treatment. Additionally, there were no significant transient changes in PCV, serum protein or electrolyte concentrations as observed in humans with short-term canagliflozin treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in respiratory tract infection treatments in Norwegian cattle: a retrospective register-based study.","authors":"Silje Enge Falkeid, Marit Smistad, Maria Stokstad","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a common diagnosis in cattle, particularly in calves, and contributes substantially to antimicrobial use. This study describes the incidence and patterns of RTI treatments in Norwegian cattle, with emphasis on antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug use. Registry data from 2015 to 2022 were extracted from two national cattle databases, covering more than 67,000 cattle treated for RTI. The annual proportion of herds with at least one RTI treatment increased from 24% in 2015 to 44% in 2022. The median annual number of treatments per affected herd was two. Treatments peaked during winter. On calf level, the probability of receiving at least one RTI treatment by 180 days of age increased from 1.8% to 2.4% over the study period. Median age at first treatment was 52 days. RTI treatments usually involved three or fewer calves (96%), and most animals received only one RTI treatment. Antimicrobials were administered in 96.5% of treatments, most commonly penicillins (β-lactamase sensitive; 54.5%), followed by amphenicols (15.2%) and tetracyclines (7.9%). Short-acting formulations predominated (89.2%). Antimicrobial class changes within 10 days of initial treatment occurred in 13% of calves, typically after four days. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were co-administered with antimicrobials in 85% of treatments. In conclusion, RTI treatments in Norwegian cattle were widely distributed across herds and increased over time. Treatment practices remained dominated by penicillin, and repeated treatments and changes in antimicrobial class were uncommon. This suggests that narrow-spectrum first-line therapy was generally sufficient in routine RTI management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of acute thoracic and lumbar myelopathies in non-chondrodystrophic dogs.","authors":"A Comesaña, C de la Fuente, J Viu, S Añor","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute thoracolumbar myelopathies are a common reason for consultation in veterinary neurology; however, the actual prevalence of the different diseases responsible for myelopathic signs in non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs remains unknown. This retrospective, single-center study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of diseases causing acute thoracic and lumbar myelopathies in NCD dogs. In addition, the relationship between prognostic factors, final diagnosis and neurological grade at admission was evaluated, with particular focus on mean time to improvement (MTI) and mean ambulatory recovery time (MART) among diagnostic groups. A total of 178 dogs presenting to the emergency service between 2014 and 2024 with clinical signs and a final diagnosis of thoracic or lumbar myelopathy were included. Dogs were classified according to final diagnosis into vascular (28/178-15.7%), inflammatory (25/178-14%), traumatic (49/178-27.5%), neoplastic (18/178-10.1%), or degenerative (58/178-32.6%) groups. For each group, statistical analyses were performed to identify epidemiological and clinical factors at presentation that could help clinicians in prioritizing differential diagnoses, including breed, sex, body weight, age, onset of clinical signs, neurological grade at presentation, progression of clinical signs, lesion localization, association with trauma or prior exercise, lateralization of clinical signs, and presence of spinal hyperesthesia. Degenerative intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) was the most frequently diagnosed condition in NCD dogs with acute myelopathy and primarily affected old, neutered dogs, with a higher prevalence in males and dogs weighing more than 25 kg. Most cases presented as chronic, non-lateralized myelopathies, often with acute worsening of clinical signs prior to presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HMOX1-mediated ferroptosis participates in gangrenous mastitis in dairy goats.","authors":"Xuewen Tan, Mingzhe Fu, Huicong Li, Jiajun Gao, Xingchen Wang, Nishang Liu, Yingqiu Liu, Weimin Zhang, Shen Zhuang, Xiaopeng An, Yunpeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gangrenous mastitis is a severe disease caused by bacterial infection. It can lead to sepsis and even death in affected goats, posing a significant threat to the development of the dairy goat industry. The pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. In this study, a Staphylococcus aureus isolate obtained from a goat with gangrenous mastitis was used to establish in vivo and in vitro models. Using omics sequencing and detection of iron, MDA, GSH, and ROS levels, along with RT-qPCR and western blot, the occurrence of ferroptosis was assessed. Furthermore, by employing ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), siRNA to inhibit HMOX1, and mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1), we explored the role of HMOX1 in regulating ferroptosis and the inflammatory response, as well as its association with mitophagy. The results showed the gangrenous mastitis model had typical symptoms, including mammary gland cyanosis, and bloody milk. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed significant enrichment of the ferroptosis pathway, with HMOX1 being the most differentially expressed gene. Both gangrenous mastitis tissues and goat mammary epithelial cells infected with Staphylococcus aureus showed ferroptosis features, such as iron, MDA, and ROS accumulation, GSH depletion, and upregulation of HMOX1, along with downregulation of GPX4 and SLC7A11, while Fer-1 reversed these processes. Mitophagy-related proteins BNIP3, FUNDC1, and LC3 were upregulated, while Mdivi-1 inhibited them and alleviated ferroptosis. Inhibiting HMOX1 reduced ferroptosis, mitophagy and reduced inflammation. This study demonstrated that HMOX1 drives ferroptosis via mitophagy, providing new insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a recombinant goose parvovirus VP2 neutralizing epitope-containing region vaccine adjuvanted with IL-2 and FliC for enhanced immune responses and protection against challenge.","authors":"Qing Wu, Xinyu Li, Jiaxin Li, Ziran Liu, Lin Bai, Lin Zhang, Shujing Xia, Di Wu, Yuhan Jin, Xinyuan Shen, Yu Gao, Jingming Wang, Guiping Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gosling plague (GP), caused by goose parvovirus (GPV), is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease. Vaccination is essential for disease prevention; however, conventional attenuated and inactivated vaccines have several limitations. Genetically engineered vaccines based on defined antigenic regions represent a promising alternative strategy. This study aimed to identify neutralizing epitope-containing regions within the GPV VP2 protein and develop effective recombinant vaccines. The GPV VP2 protein was divided into 11 overlapping fragments, and the anchored periplasmic expression (APEx) bacterial display system combined with flow cytometry (FCM) was used for antigenic region screening. GPV VP2-specific single-domain antibodies (VHHs) were further applied to identify neutralizing epitope-containing regions. Six neutralizing epitope-containing regions were identified and linked together to construct the VP2M recombinant antigen. The VP, VP2M, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and flagellin (FliC) genes were inserted into prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression vectors to generate protein and DNA vaccines. Three-day-old goslings were randomly assigned into 15 experimental groups for immunization. Immune responses were evaluated by measuring anti-GPV antibody levels, IgG, IgM, and IgA production, IFN-γ levels, immune-related gene expression, splenocyte proliferation, neutralizing activity, and protective efficacy against GPV challenge. The results showed that vaccines containing neutralizing epitope-containing regions induced stronger immune responses than control vaccines. Vaccinated groups exhibited increased anti-GPV antibody levels, IgG, IgM, IgA production, IFN-γ levels, immune-related gene expression, and splenocyte proliferation. Following GPV challenge, VP2M-based vaccines significantly reduced viral genome copies in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, and intestinal tissues, accompanied by decreased histopathological lesions based on semi-quantitative scoring. Furthermore, the protective efficacy exceeded 50% in vaccines without adjuvants and reached 90% in groups containing combined IL-2 and FliC adjuvants. In conclusion, this study identifies novel neutralizing epitope-containing regions within GPV VP2 and provides a potential strategy for developing safe and effective recombinant vaccines against GP infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lameness on the productivity of dairy cattle farms: A systematic review.","authors":"Antía Acción, Jacobo Álvarez, Renato Barrionuevo, Juan J Becerra, Ana I Peña, Luis A Quintela, Uxía Yáñez","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lameness is a prevalent condition in dairy cattle that compromises mobility, alters behavior, disrupts feeding patterns, and impairs physiological functions. It has important implications for the three main determinants of dairy farm profitability: milk production, reproductive performance, and longevity. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the impact of lameness on dairy farms following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Eligible studies were screened and evaluated for relevance and methodological quality. Across studies, lameness was consistently associated with reduced milk yield, with reported losses ranging from 183 to 1289 kg per lactation, depending on severity and timing, and being more pronounced in herds using automated milking systems. Effects on milk quality traits were generally minor, although some studies reported increased somatic cell counts, potentially linked to greater mastitis risk. Reproductive performance was adversely affected, with lame cows exhibiting delated resumption of ovarian cyclicity, reduced estrus expression, lower conception rates, and increased embryonic loss. Consequently, extended calving intervals and more inseminations per pregnancy were observed, although variability existed among studies. Lastly, longevity was markedly compromised, as lame cows had 1.5-2 times greater risk of culling, accounting for up to 27.6% of total culling cases. The evidence indicates that lameness negatively impacts productivity, reproductive performance, and survival in dairy systems. Enhanced prevention strategies, standardized assessment methods, and tailored economic evaluation tools are essential to mitigate losses and enhance sustainability of dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine piroplasmosis in China, 2000-2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors.","authors":"Di Jiao, Wei Wei, Xinyue Dong, Rui Shi, Rigai Sa, Chengyu Ma, Pengcheng Bian, Ke Liu, Lianlong Wang, Ziyao Wei, Hanyi Jiang, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of equids caused by Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and Theileria haneyi. We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate pooled prevalence in China and identify associated risk factors. PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched through 15 August 2025. Of 2626 records identified, 80 studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used to pool prevalence estimates, and prespecified subgroup analyses and univariate meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity and temporal trends. Overall pooled prevalence during 2000-2025 was 31%; species-specific estimates were 24.28% for T. equi and 18.37% for B. caballi. Only one eligible study reported T. haneyi, so its prevalence was summarized descriptively rather than pooled. Statistically significant subgroup differences were observed by host species, fever status, climate class, and detection method. Prevalence was higher in horses than in donkeys and mules, although the mule estimate was based on only five studies and 31 positive cases. Febrile equids had a higher prevalence than afebrile equids, prevalence was highest in Dwb and lowest in Cfa climates, and PCR-based studies yielded a higher pooled prevalence than ELISA-based studies (36.40% vs 23.97%). No significant differences were detected by region, age, sex, season, management system, or sampling year, and meta-regression showed no significant temporal trend. These findings support risk-based surveillance, prioritization of testing in febrile equids, and combined serological and molecular testing to distinguish exposure from active infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein, antioxidant, oxidant and enzymatic markers in colostrum and milk of Spanish purebred mares.","authors":"Alejandra Arana-Lozano, Camila Peres Rubio, María Carmen López-Mendoza, Rosana Domingo, Alberto Arnau-Bonachera, José Joaquín Cerón, Katiuska Satué","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the recognized biochemical complexity of mare colostrum and milk, longitudinal characterization of whey proteins, oxidant-antioxidant balance and enzyme activities across lactation remains limited. This study evaluated total whey proteins (TWP), albumin (ALB), globulins, immunoglobulin G (IgG), oxidative and antioxidant markers, and enzymatic activities in colostrum and milk from 29 clinically healthy Spanish Purebred mares during the first 120 days postpartum. TWP and ALB were quantified using validated spectrophotometric assays, and IgG were measured by immunoturbidimetry. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), together with determination of uric acid (UA). Oxidative status was evaluated by total oxidant status and advanced oxidation protein products, and alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities were measured using IFCC‑standardized methods. In early lactation, serum-derived proteins, UA, oxidant markers and enzymatic activities reached their highest values, reflecting the intense metabolic and immunological activity of the immediate postpartum period. In contrast, CUPRAC and FRAP increased progressively throughout lactation, consistent with mammary maturation and the establishment of a more stable antioxidant environment in mature milk. In conclusion, mare colostrum and milk undergo a coordinated biochemical transition from an immunologically enriched and oxidatively active colostrum to a more stable mature-milk profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"106865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}