Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Generation and characterization of an immortalized equine osteoblast cell line","authors":"Esther Palomino Lago ,&nbsp;Scott J. Roberts ,&nbsp;Isabel R. Orriss ,&nbsp;Ellison S. Lumsden ,&nbsp;Deborah J. Guest","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone is a dynamic tissue that is maintained through the co-ordination of bone resorption and bone formation. An imbalance of these processes can lead to bone disease. <em>In vitro</em> studies of osteoblasts can help to understand bone formation, but primary cells have a limited lifespan in culture. Herein, we report the successful generation of equine immortalized osteoblasts through the stable overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen in osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone taken from the third metacarpal of a two-year-old Thoroughbred horse. Primary osteoblasts displayed limited proliferation in culture, a decrease in the expression of osteogenic-associated genes and alkaline phosphatase activity with increasing passage and a failure to survive and produce a mineralised matrix after 21 days of osteogenic culture at high passage. In contrast, immortalized equine osteoblasts could be expanded for over 50 passages while retaining osteogenic gene expression, high alkaline phosphatase activity, a normal karyotype and the ability to produce a mineralised matrix after osteogenic culture. The immortalized equine osteoblasts therefore constitute a useful <em>in vitro</em> model to study equine bone formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four decades of Canine Parvovirus research: A global bibliometric and science mapping study","authors":"Kadir Sevim ,&nbsp;Ekrem Çağatay Çolakoğlu,&nbsp;Şinasi Borgahan Deniz","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains one of the most significant viral pathogens in veterinary medicine due to its high transmissibility and continuous genetic evolution. Despite more than four decades of intensive research, a data-driven assessment of how global research priorities align with the virus’s evolving epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics is still lacking. This study presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis of global CPV research published between 1980 and 2024, aiming to identify dominant research themes, collaboration structures, and critical knowledge gaps. A total of 818 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection were analysed using the Bibliometrix R package. The findings reveal a highly centralised but stable research ecosystem, predominantly led by the United States and Italy, with a strong emphasis on molecular characterisations, VP2 gene variants, and vaccine-related studies. Thematic evolution analysis demonstrates a clear transition from early clinicopathological descriptions toward molecular epidemiology and evolutionary surveillance. However, a key imbalance emerges: although CPV research increasingly adopts a One Health perspective, scientific output remains disproportionately concentrated in a limited number of high-income regions, systematically under-representing areas with potentially high disease burden and surveillance needs. In conclusion, this study maps the historical and conceptual evolution of CPV research while explicitly identifying neglected domains in global surveillance and geographical coverage. These findings provide a strategic evidence base for researchers, funding agencies, and policy stakeholders to recalibrate research priorities toward emerging variants, under-investigated regions, and integrated One Health–oriented surveillance frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in cats with early-stage periodontal disease","authors":"Ferda Turgut ,&nbsp;Latif Emrah Yanmaz ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ethem Tosunoglu ,&nbsp;Betul Apaydin Yildirim ,&nbsp;Sitkican Okur ,&nbsp;Yakup Kocaman ,&nbsp;Caglar Ozkalipci ,&nbsp;Vildan Aslan Canatan","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodontal disease is the most prevalent inflammatory condition in cats, and early therapeutic intervention is critical to prevent progression to irreversible tissue destruction. Therapeutic ultrasound (TU) has demonstrated periodontal regenerative effects in canine and human models, yet its clinical efficacy in feline patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the adjunctive benefit of TU, alone or combined with chlorhexidine, in cats with early-stage periodontal disease. Twenty-one client-owned cats (age 11 months–4 years; weight 3.0–4.9 kg) diagnosed with American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC) stage 1–2 periodontal disease were randomly assigned to chlorhexidine alone (CLX, n = 7), TU (n = 7), or combined therapy (CLX+TU, n = 7). All cats underwent professional scaling under general anesthesia on day 0, followed by once-daily treatments for seven days. Periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were recorded on days 0 and 8, together with gingival surface temperature obtained via infrared thermography, Colorado Pain Scale scores, and plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations. Significant improvements in periodontal measures were observed in both TU and CLX+TU groups compared with CLX (ΔPPD −0.82 ± 0.67 and −0.57 ± 0.33 vs +0.13 ± 0.50; ΔGI −0.80 ± 0.71 and −0.82 ± 0.63 vs −0.19 ± 0.52; ΔPI −0.85 ± 0.80 and −0.57 ± 0.69 vs +0.01 ± 0.67). Gingival temperature decreased markedly in TU (−2.02 ± 1.48 °C) and CLX+TU (−2.41 ± 1.53 °C) but not in CLX (−0.03 ± 1.70 °C). Cytokine concentrations and pain scores showed no significant between-group differences. These findings indicate that adjunctive TU enhances short-term improvements in periodontal parameters and reduces gingival inflammation in cats with early-stage disease, offering a practical non-invasive addition to routine dental care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More conservative use of antimicrobials does not adversely affect treatment outcomes in foal bronchopneumonia","authors":"Lena Boeger ,&nbsp;Nina Volkmann ,&nbsp;Jeanette Probst ,&nbsp;Nicole Kemper ,&nbsp;Monica Venner","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance raises concerns about using antibiotics in veterinary medicine, particularly in cases of bronchopneumonia in foals diagnosed early based on a screening programme. Many subclinical foals recover spontaneously, thus, interest in more restrictive antibiotic usage is increasing.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether initiating antimicrobial therapy at a later stage of bronchopneumonia decreases antimicrobial usage without compromising successful resolution of pathology in affected foals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1200 warmblood foals born in 2020, 2022, 2023 and 2024 on a single stud farm, all diagnosed with bronchopneumonia, were investigated. All foals in this cohort study were randomly selected and underwent clinical, haematological and thoracic ultrasonographical examinations once weekly. Diagnosis of bronchopneumonia required a total abscess score (sum of abscess diameters) ≥ 1.0 cm. Treatment thresholds were ≥ 15.0 cm in 2020/2022 and ≥ 20.0 cm in 2023/2024. Treated foals (n = 279) received rifampin/tulathromycin. Treatment duration, recurrence and failure were compared statistically between early and later treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of foals treated decreased significantly from 29.0 % in 2020/2022–17.5 % in 2023/2024, whilst mortalities remained unchanged (both 1.0 %). There was no statistical difference in the proportions of foals with treatment failure (2.8 % in 2020/2022 vs. 8.6 % in 2023/2024) and recurrence (2.3 % in 2020/2022 vs. 0.95 % in 2023/2024). The initial treatment duration increased from 21 (2020/2022) to 25 days (2023/2024).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Delaying antimicrobial treatment until foals exhibit more advanced pulmonary lesions significantly reduced the proportion of foals treated. Failure, recurrence and mortality remained comparable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The field evaluation of the diagnostic performance of a commercial pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-based lateral flow assay for early pregnancy detection in ewes","authors":"Gökhan Uyanık ,&nbsp;Murat Yüksel ,&nbsp;Murat Abay ,&nbsp;Ahmet Gözer ,&nbsp;Filiz Kara ,&nbsp;Ebru Arslanhan ,&nbsp;Ishak Gökcek ,&nbsp;Ufuk Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the commercial Alertys OnFarm Pregnancy Test (AOPT) based on pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) for early pregnancy diagnosis in ewes. A total of 100 multiparous Awassi ewes were synchronised for estrus and mated during the non-breeding season. Whole blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of all ewes on days 21, 28, and 35 after mating. The AOPT was first performed on the collected whole blood samples. Plasma PAG concentrations were then determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Pregnancy diagnosis was made on the same days by transrectal ultrasonography (USG), which was accepted as the reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of AOPT compared to USG on days 21, 28, and 35 after mating were calculated. In addition, the diagnostic performance of plasma PAG concentrations for predicting pregnancy status was evaluated by determining cut-off values and conducting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. When the results were examined, the sensitivity of AOPT was calculated as 77.55 %, specificity as 92.15 %, PPV as 90.47 %, NPV as 81.03 % and accuracy as 85.00 % at 21 days after mating and showed strong agreement with transrectal USG (Kappa= 0.699; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, the sensitivity (95.55 %) and accuracy (93.00 %) of AOPT on day 28 improved significantly, showing almost perfect agreement with USG (Kappa= 0.859; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). On day 35, AOPT achieved the highest diagnostic performance compared to other pregnancy days with 100 % sensitivity, 96.49 % specificity, and 98.00 % accuracy (Kappa= 0.959; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Plasma PAG levels (OD) were significantly higher in pregnant ewes than in non-pregnant ewes at all time points (P &lt; 0.001). The optimal cut-off values for pregnancy detection were determined as &gt; 0.28 on day 21 (AUC= 0.941), &gt; 0.48 on day 28 (AUC= 0.986), and &gt; 0.43 on day 35 (AUC= 1.000). In conclusion, AOPT can be considered a practical, rapid, and reliable method for early pregnancy detection in ewes, particularly from day 28 post-mating. However, possible false-negative results that may occur very early in pregnancy and false-positive results due to embryonic loss later in pregnancy necessitate careful interpretation and, if necessary, repeat testing or confirmation with USG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markers of bone turnover, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in horses with acute colitis","authors":"Ahmed Kamr ,&nbsp;Rosalie Fortin-Trahan ,&nbsp;Luis G. Arroyo ,&nbsp;Laura D. Hostnik ,&nbsp;Diego E. Gomez ,&nbsp;Ramiro E. Toribio","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypocalcemia is frequent in horses with colitis. Information on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and its association with bone turnover biomarkers in horses with colitis is lacking. We aimed to determine the association between serum bone resorption biomarkers (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX-I]) and bone formation (osteocalcin [OCN]) with blood PTH, total calcium (tCa), ionized calcium (iCa), phosphorus (Pi), and total magnesium (tMg) concentrations, and mortality in horses with acute colitis. A total of 163 horses were divided into colitis (n = 127) and healthy (n = 36) groups. Blood samples were collected from all horses. Non-parametric methods were used for data analysis. In horses with colitis, serum CTX-I and PTH concentrations were significantly higher, whereas OCN, tCa, iCa, Pi, and tMg concentrations were lower compared to healthy horses (P &lt; 0.05). In colitis horses with ionized hypocalcemia, serum CTX-I concentrations were positively correlated with PTH concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Colitis horses with iCa concentrations &lt; 1.4 mmol/L and PTH &gt; 92.9 pg/mL were more likely to die ([OR = 6.1; 95 % CI = 1.2–24.5; P &lt; 0.05]; [OR = 3.6; 95 % CI = 1.3–10.1; P &lt; 0.05]), respectively. In colitis horses, elevated PTH and CTX-I concentrations, together with decreased OCN concentrations, suggests that bone turnover activity was increased to offset hypocalcemia. Elevated PTH and hypocalcemia were associated with non-survival, indicating that in non-surviving horses, bone resorption activity was not sufficient to restore normocalcemia. PTH resistance could have contributed to hypocalcemia in some horses with acute colitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social facilitator cow and nose-flap device: Strategies to reduce stress of calves during weaning management","authors":"Maria Eugênia A. Canozzi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Peripolli ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Damián ,&nbsp;Graciela Quintans","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To alleviate weaning distress in beef calves, we evaluated the effect of nose-flap (NF), social facilitator cow (SF), and their interactions on behavior, hair cortisol level, and performance. Forty-eight cows nursing calves were randomly allocated to one of four treatments, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: without (−) / with (+) NF and absence (−)/presence (+) of SF. Nose-flaps were placed on calves on day −13; SF was introduced on paddock on day −7; and remote physical separation was on day 0. Behaviors were recorded on days −14, −13, −7, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7; body weight on −29, −1, and 8; and hair samples were taken on −19 and 91. On day −13, feeding behaviors and lying down decreased; and on −7, drinking water and lying down decreased. On day 0, walking, standing, and vocalizing increased, without calves lying down. Calves from the +NF group diminished vocalization, standing, and walking behavior and increased grazing behavior. Calves from the +SF group increased graze behavior and reduced suckling attempts and vocalizing behaviors. From day −29 to −1, average daily gain (ADG) from the +NF−SF group was greater than that from the +NF+SF. From day −29 to 8 and from −1 to 8, all calves showed negative ADG. Hair cortisol concentration was greater post- than pre-weaning and in +SF than in −SF calves. Interaction between NF and SF cow seems not to be favorable to alleviate calf-weaning distress; however, the social facilitator cow promotes a more rapid adaptation after weaning than the nose-flap use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of inflammation and oxidative stress following successful non-surgical uterine flushing in Tuj sheep using a Wallace Sure Pro® catheter","authors":"Nail Tekin Önder ,&nbsp;Oğuzhan Şahin ,&nbsp;Muhammet Can Kılıç ,&nbsp;Murat Can Demir ,&nbsp;Taygun Gökdemir ,&nbsp;Yusuf Umut Batı ,&nbsp;Serpil Aygörmez ,&nbsp;Nazlıcan Yerli ,&nbsp;Mert Sezer ,&nbsp;Savaş Yıldız ,&nbsp;Cihan Kaçar ,&nbsp;Yavuz Öztürkler","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of negative pressure and the efficacy of flushing the ovine uterus using Wallace Sure Pro® catheter on 20 Tuj breed sheep. The effects were measured by total duration (TD), cervical transit time (CTT), flushing duration (FD), and recovery rate of infused fluid (V). The study also assessed the intensity and duration of inflammation by analyzing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentration. Blood samples were collected from the sheep one hour before, immediately following, and at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours after the application. The average TD was 34.44 ± 1.40 min, with a CTT of 66.18 ± 13.65 s and a FD of 24.62 ± 1.15 min. The average V was 97.28 ± 0.42%. Serum cortisol levels increased immediately after the procedure, but reduced to the control level during the second hour. Malondialdehyde level rose at 2, 4, and 6 h, while reduced glutathione levels declined at 4 h. Total oxidant concentration and oxidative stress index increased at the second hour post-procedure and total antioxidant concentration decreased at the fourth hour. Tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations increased immediately after the procedure but declined to a control level by the fourth hour post-procedure. In conclusion, the use of Wallace Sure Pro® catheter combined with negative pressure is effective for transcervical flushing and fluid recovery in sheep, induces manageable levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. The animals also showed quick decreases in inflammation and physical stress response, but oxidative stress requires additional post-procedure interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of conserved vaccine targets in Mycoplasma bovis through integrated pan-genome and reverse vaccinology approaches with in vivo immunogenicity and safety evaluation","authors":"Jiaming Mu ,&nbsp;Zhongmei Ma ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Xuepeng Cai ,&nbsp;Qingling Meng ,&nbsp;Jun Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma bovis</em> is a major etiological agent of bovine respiratory disease, causing substantial economic losses to the cattle industry. To address this challenge, we performed a pan-genome analysis of 80 globally sourced <em>M. bovis</em> genomes and identified 1058 core genes. Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches were subsequently integrated to screen three potential vaccine candidates: namely lipoate protein ligase 2 (LplA), elongation factor 4 (LepA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Codon-optimized gene sequences were cloned into the pET-28a vector and successfully expressed and purified using <em>E. coli</em> expression system. Thirty female BALB/c mice were randomized into five groups (n = 6 per group). For primary immunization, each mouse received 100 μg of recombinant protein emulsified in Freund’s complete adjuvant via subcutaneous injection, followed by booster immunizations with 50 μg of protein formulated with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant at weeks 2 and 4. Fourteen days after primary immunization, all vaccinated groups exhibited significantly elevated antigen-specific antibody levels, which remained high through week 6. Notably, rLplA and rGAPDH induced higher antibody titers than rLepA. Analysis of the IgG2a/IgG1 subtype ratio indicated that rLplA, rGAPDH, and rLepA predominantly elicited Th2-type immune responses. In addition, all three recombinant proteins significantly increased cytokine production. Moreover, no adverse physiological reactions or histopathological abnormalities were observed throughout the immunization period, confirming the favorable safety profile of the candidates. Collectively, these findings identify promising targets for the development of <em>M. bovis</em> subunit vaccines to address pathogen variability, antibiotic resistance, and the limited efficacy of current vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological findings in captive syngnathids: Pipefish, seadragons and seahorses","authors":"Estefania Montero ,&nbsp;Francisco E. Montero ,&nbsp;Jose Luis Crespo-Picazo ,&nbsp;Daniel García-Párraga ,&nbsp;Carlos Rojo-Solís ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Corpa ,&nbsp;Joaquín Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Syngnathids are teleost fishes that include seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons, which are commonly displayed in public aquariums. There is limited bibliographic information available regarding the diseases affecting these species. A retrospective pathological study was conducted on 392 syngnathids: 274 seahorses, 92 pipefishes, and 26 seadragons from various aquaria. All individuals underwent necropsy and histopathology, with molecular (n = 63) and parasitological (n = 45) analyses conducted on selected cases. The identified pathologies were classified as either infectious or environmental based on their etiology. Among the infectious agents, non-mycobacterial bacteria were the most prevalent (15.1 %), followed by mycobacteria (6.1 %). Parasites represented the second most relevant group, ciliated protists (10.2 %) were most common; of which scuticociliates were most the frequently observed. Trematodes were detected in 6.1 % of cases, while cestodes and nematodes were each identified in 0.24 % of individuals. In addition, two species of myxozoans, as well as <em>Sphaeromyxa</em> sp., were identified (2.7 %). Lastly, phaeohyphomycosis was observed in 1.46 % of the specimens. Within the environmental category, the most frequent pathology was bilateral symmetrical myopathy (34.1 %), followed by gas bubble disease (4.63 %). No neoplastic or congenital diseases were observed. This study stands out for the large number and diversity of species analyzed, significantly advancing our understanding of pathology in this group of fishes. Several etiological agents not previously reported in syngnathids were observed for the first time (morphology compatible with <em>C. longicollis</em>, <em>Sphaeromyxa</em> sp., <em>Trypanorhyncha</em> gen. sp., among others).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}