Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D are decreased in dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis","authors":"Arnaud Snoeck ,&nbsp;Jared A. Jaffey ,&nbsp;Frédéric Billen ,&nbsp;Nina F. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Peeters ,&nbsp;Caroline Le Goff ,&nbsp;Etienne Cavalier ,&nbsp;Dominique Peeters ,&nbsp;Cécile Clercx","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) is a poorly understood disease and remains a challenge to treat. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with many infectious diseases in humans and Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in experimental mice decreases resistance to <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>. The objective of this study was to determine whether dogs with SNA have different VitD metabolite concentrations compared to healthy dogs (HD) and dogs with other nasal conditions and if those concentrations change after cure for SNA dogs. Twenty-two dogs with SNA, 12 HD, 9 dogs with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (LPR) and 10 dogs with nasal neoplasia (NN) were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ (25(OH)D₂), 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (24,25(OH)₂D₃), 3-epimer-25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (3-epi-25(OH)D₃) concentrations were measured by a certified liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method at time of diagnosis or revisit. Twelve SNA dogs were available for serial blood collection until cure. Serum 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)₂D₃ were lower in dogs with SNA (mean ± standard deviation; 23 ng/ml ± 7.3 and 10.2 ng/ml ± 4.2, respectively) than in HD (34.1 ng/ml ± 7.5; <em>P</em> = 0.007 and 18.2 ng/ml ± 5.4; <em>P</em> = 0.002) while there was no difference among the other groups. Cured SNA dogs had higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations (27.7 ng/ml ± 9.4) compared to before treatment (23.1 ng/ml ± 7.7; <em>P</em> = 0.0002). These results further support the rationale that VitD may play a role in the complex SNA pathophysiology. Whether lower VitD status contributes to the development of the disease or is a consequence of it is unknown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles enhance adipose mesenchymal stem cell survival ex vivo","authors":"Dongsheng Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Junyong Yao ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (ATEVs) have garnered attention for their roles in intercellular communication and regulation. This study presents the first investigation of equine adipose tissue, with ATEV being extracted concurrently during the isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Through CCK-8 cell proliferation assays and scratch migration assays, a significant promotional effect of ATEV on ADSCs was observed, which not only accelerated the proliferation rate of the stem cells but also enhanced their migratory capacity. The application of Trypan Blue exclusion and live-dead cell staining further demonstrated the positive effects of ATEV on maintaining the viability of ADSCs during ex vivo storage. These findings provide new insights into the potential applications of ATEV in stem cell therapy, tissue repair, and regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 106319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital dermatitis in dairy cattle in Egypt: Herd-level risk factors and Treponema spp. prevalence across lesion M-scores","authors":"S.E. Salem ,&nbsp;A. Monir ,&nbsp;H.M. Abdallah ,&nbsp;A.F. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;H.A. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;W. Refaai ,&nbsp;A.B. Ahmed ,&nbsp;H.E.M. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;M. El-Sheikh ,&nbsp;A. Mesalam","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital dermatitis (DD) is an infectious disease of the digital skin of dairy cows that is associated with compromised animal welfare and significant economic losses. The hind feet of 16,098 dairy cows from 55 herds were examined in the milking parlor, and DD lesions identified were classified using the M-score system and swabbed for PCR testing. Swabs were also collected from hind feet with normal digital skin for comparison. Data on farm construction and lameness prevention measures were collected through direct observation and in-person interviews with farm managers. Herd-level risk factors for DD were investigated using mixed-effects logistic regression models, with Farm ID included as a random-effects variable. The average within-herd and herd prevalence of DD were 6.4 % (95 % CI: 4.9–8.0 %) and 92.7 % (<em>n</em> = 51, 95 % CI: 85.9–99.6 %), respectively. Among the investigated DD lesions, DD-associated treponemes were identified at frequencies of 87 % for <em>Treponema spp.,</em> 87.5 % for <em>T. medium</em>, 86.2 % for <em>T. phagedenis-like</em>, and 78.3 % for <em>T. pedis</em>. Additionally, <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em> and <em>Dichelobacter nodosus</em> were identified at frequencies of 37 % and 15.4 %, respectively. Samples from normal digital skin exhibited substantially lower frequencies for all bacterial species investigated. Risk factors significantly associated with DD in the final multivariable model included practice of preventive early lactation trimming (OR=0.45, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.78) and the presence of an abrasive bedding on farms (OR=1.6, 95 % CI: 1.01–2.6). This comprehensive molecular and epidemiological analysis enhances understanding of DD etiology in Egypt and contributes to the development of effective control programs to improve cow welfare and support the sustainability of milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observer reliability in counting erythrocyte ghost cells and impact of short-term storage of canine and feline blood samples","authors":"Asger Lundorff Jensen,&nbsp;Kamilja Sayed Gammal Bruun,&nbsp;Stephanie Heimann,&nbsp;Rebecca Langhorn,&nbsp;Anne K.H. Krogh","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of erythrocyte ghost cells (EG) in blood smears indicates intravascular haemolysis or in-vitro haemolysis. However, observer reliability in detection of EG has not been documented. Immediate blood smear preparation is advised but may not always be practical. This study investigated the reliability of EG detection and the impact of delayed blood smear preparation. Forty blood smears from dogs and cats were evaluated twice by four observers. EG development was studied in 59 dogs and nine cats, with smears prepared at 0, 2, and 24 h post-collection. Intra- and inter-observer reliability, as assessed using Krippendorff’s Alpha, ranged from 0.567 and 0.949, and 0.522 and 0.848, respectively, indicating moderate to substantial agreement. No significant increase in EG occurrence was noted between 0 and 2 h, but a significant increase was observed at 24 h. The findings suggest that EG can be reliably detected and that blood smears for the evaluation of EG can be prepared up to 2 h after blood collection without compromising detection of EG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplement on liver functionality index and metabolic parameters in transition period of dairy cattle","authors":"Mohammad Salahlou ,&nbsp;Ali Hajimohammadi ,&nbsp;Saeed Nazifi ,&nbsp;Abbas Rowshan-Ghasrodashti ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nikzad ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Mirzaei","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research sought to evaluate the potential effects of probiotics and yeast cell wall (<strong>YCW</strong>) supplements on the liver functionality index (<strong>LFI</strong>) and metabolic parameters of dairy cattle throughout the transitional period. A cohort of forty dry cows was randomly divided into four groups, namely the probiotic group (<strong>Pr</strong>) receiving a basal diet combined with a blend of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Bacillus lechiniformis</em>, <em>Streptococcus Thermophilis</em>, and <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>; the YCW group receiving a basal diet enriched with <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>; the probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (<strong>P &amp; Y</strong>) receiving a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract; and the control group adhering to the basal diet. The intervention was initiated 21 days before calving and persisted until 28 days post-calving, except for the control group. The study entailed the collection of blood samples at four sampling times, encompassing 21 days preceding calving, seven days before calving, seven days post-calving, and four weeks post-calving. Multiple biochemical parameters were assessed, including urea, blood urea nitrogen (<strong>BUN</strong>), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (<strong>GGT</strong>), total bilirubin (<strong>TB</strong>), albumin, total protein (<strong>TP</strong>), globulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and liver functionality index. The results showed that the Pr group exhibited reduced average levels of GGT and glucose compared to the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the P &amp; Y group demonstrated lower average BUN, TB, and cholesterol levels than the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, the LFI exhibited a discernible trend towards elevation in the Pr group compared to the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and the P &amp; Y group (<em>P</em> = 0.007). In essence, supplementation of YCW and probiotics is associated with advantageous effects on metabolic parameters and liver function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid reveals putative protein biomarkers for canine non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis","authors":"M. Aradillas-Pérez ,&nbsp;E.M. Espinosa-López ,&nbsp;B. Ortiz-Guisado ,&nbsp;E.M. Martín-Suárez ,&nbsp;G. Gómez-Baena ,&nbsp;A. Galán-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate ante-mortem diagnosis of non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis (NIME) in dogs is challenging due to the similarity of clinical presentations, imaging findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis results with other diseases. This study aimed to apply state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic technology to identify novel biomarkers for NIME. Serum and CSF samples from 11 dogs were included, with the control group consisting of patients presenting with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD, n = 6) and the study group consisting of dogs suffering from NIME (n = 5). Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics revealed a set of 36 proteins with significant differential abundance in CSF samples. Up-regulated proteins in NIME CSF included immunoglobulins, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 2, acid sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase, and chitinase 3-like protein 1, all associated with immune response and inflammation. Conversely, significantly down-regulated proteins included neural cell adhesion molecule, contactin-1, and procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer, which are involved in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. No differences in serum profiles were observed among the groups. This study identified a panel of CSF protein biomarker candidates for NIME and provided new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease, suggesting that neuronal dysfunction and immune dysregulation may be involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of patient positioning on retrieval of cystoliths by percutaneous cystolithotomy in dogs","authors":"R.C. Knight ,&nbsp;L.J. Owen","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) is a minimally-invasive technique for removal of cystoliths. There is currently no information regarding optimum patient positioning during PCCL. The objective of this study was to assess whether patient positioning affected ease of cystolith retrieval via PCCL. PCCL was performed to retrieve artificial “cystoliths” in three canine cadavers weighing between 15 and 35 kg, using a threaded cannula and a rigid 30° 2.7 mm cystoscope. “Cystolith” retrieval was performed by retrograde flushing and use of a flexible stone basket, with the dog in 10° Trendelenburg, 10° reverse Trendelenburg, or neutral position. The location of the “cystoliths”, number retrieved during flushing, and total time for retrieval were recorded and compared between different positions. The mean total time for “cystolith” retrieval was 392 ± 131 s, with 162 ± 20 s for flushing and 221 ± 123 s for basket-retrieval. The mean number of “cystoliths” retrieved during flushing was 3 ± 2. No significant differences were detected when comparing retrieval times between different positions. The predominant location of the “cystoliths” within the bladder varied depending on the position of the dog. In neutral, 93 % were located adjacent to the ureteric openings, whereas in 10° reverse Trendelenburg, 100 % were located by the urethral orifice. In 10° Trendelenburg, 60 % “cystoliths” were located at the tip of the cannula. Cystolith retrieval during PCCL can be performed in either neutral, Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg position. Changing the dog’s position may be useful in cases where cystolith retrieval is challenging, to move the cystoliths and enable different techniques to be employed using the stone basket.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased plasma nucleosomes are associated with severe sepsis in foals","authors":"E.M. Birckhead,&nbsp;S.L. Raidal,&nbsp;S. Das,&nbsp;S.R. Raidal","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sepsis is a main cause of death in neonatal foals. While the syndrome is not completely understood, sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response of the host to infection. It can be difficult to diagnose because of varying and non-specific clinical signs and imperfect diagnostic tests. Increased circulating nucleosome levels have been detected in humans and animals with sepsis, but this has not been documented in foals. Nucleosomes are released extracellularly during neutrophil extracellular trap formation, as well as from damaged and dead cells. We analysed plasma samples from clinically healthy (n = 16), sick non-septic (n = 31) and septic (n = 36) foals using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that targeted nucleosomes. Septic foals with evidence of hypoperfusion and/or organ dysfunction were classified as severe sepsis (n = 24). The main objective was to determine if nucleosome levels were increased in foals with sepsis, particularly those with severe sepsis. Our data identified that nucleosome levels in foals with severe sepsis on the day of study entry were increased significantly compared to all other foals. There was not a significant difference in nucleosome levels between sick non-septic or clinically healthy foals. Foal groups were not age-matched and factors associated with the clinical nature of the study may have affected the results. Further research with larger numbers of foals of similar ages, would be necessary to determine if the analysis of nucleosomes and related biomarkers are helpful adjuncts for the assessment and understanding of equine neonatal sepsis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of canine distemper virus antibodies in free-roaming dogs in Cambodia","authors":"Jaimee Wheelhouse ,&nbsp;Sopheap Mak ,&nbsp;Romain Legrand ,&nbsp;Jonathan C. Eames ,&nbsp;Tatiana Proboste ,&nbsp;Paul Meek ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine distemper virus (CDV) can infect a wide range of mammalian carnivores and can cause severe illness and death. Domestic dogs may be an important source of this virus for endangered wild carnivores. The objective of this study was to establish the presence of CDV in rural areas of Cambodia bordering three established protected habitats, and to determine the seroprevalence of CDV in free-roaming dogs inhabiting these areas. These protected areas are home to endangered carnivores, such as Dhole (<em>Cuon alpinus</em>), and virus transmission from free-ranging dogs may pose a risk to endangered species. Blood samples collected from dogs were tested for CDV IgG antibodies using the Anigen rapid CDV commercial test kit (Bionote). We report the seroprevalence of CDV as 40 % of sampled free-ranging dogs. This is the first documentation of CDV in the buffer zone of important protected areas in Cambodia. The high seroprevalence rate suggests a substantial risk of disease transmission to wildlife, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. We recommend further investigation into the role of dogs in the epidemiology of CDV in Cambodian wildlife and the consideration of vaccination programs for domestic dogs in these regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant migration of Spirocerca lupi to the spinal cord in dogs: Association of clinical signs, CSF analysis, preventive treatment, and outcome","authors":"Yarden Lamy Casoy ,&nbsp;Itay Srugo ,&nbsp;Itai Barnoon ,&nbsp;Uri Segal ,&nbsp;Asher Zafrany ,&nbsp;Gilad Segev ,&nbsp;Anna Shipov","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spirocerca lupi</em> is a nematode typically targeting the esophageal wall but may also migrate to the spinal cord. This study aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, prognostic factors, and outcomes of dogs with spinal <em>S. lupi</em> (SSL) aberrant migration, and to evaluate prophylactic treatment efficacy. Medical records from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed, including 284 study and 280 control dogs. Complete recovery occurred in 130/284 dogs (46 %) at 1 month, and in 214/284 dogs (75 %) at 3 months and was associated with the clinical grade at presentation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Of the 162 non-ambulatory dogs, 59 % became ambulatory at 1 month, and 79 % at 3 months. Dogs with urinary incontinence were less likely to fully recover (<em>P</em> = 0.04). Protein CSF concentration was lower at presentation in dogs who completely recovered at 1 month and 3 months (344 mg/dL [15–1297] vs. 732 mg/dL [34–1291], <em>P</em> = 0.006, and 366 mg/dL [15–1297] vs. 769 mg/dL [83–1262], <em>P</em> = 0.025, respectively). A higher proportion of control dogs received prophylactic treatment compared to the SSL group (216/280 [77 %] vs. 168/284 [59 %], respectively, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, OR 0.43, CI 0.30–0.62) however, prophylactic treatment did not significantly impact recovery rates. Our findings suggest that SSL is associated with a favorable prognosis; however, full recovery may take several months, and dogs presenting with urinary incontinence and higher neurological severity grades are less likely to recover. Finally, our findings suggest that prophylactic treatment against <em>S. lupi</em> may have a protective effect against SSL and is therefore recommended in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 106286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}