Veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms in ruminants: A review of genetic associations with health, reproduction, and production traits","authors":"Mutasem Abuzahra,&nbsp;Alfian Destomo,&nbsp;Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono,&nbsp;Aprilianna Putri Zahara Nafsina Luvita Sari,&nbsp;Alek Ibrahim,&nbsp;Aryogi Aryogi,&nbsp;Endang Romjali,&nbsp;Eko Handiwirawan,&nbsp;Simon Elieser,&nbsp;Anneke Anggraeni,&nbsp;Chalid Thalib,&nbsp;Sutikno Sutikno,&nbsp;Peni Wahyu Prihandini","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toll-like receptor 4 (<em>TLR4</em>), a fundamental component of the innate immune system, has been identified as a significant candidate gene for enhancing health, productivity, and reproduction in livestock. This review synthesizes and analyzes genetic association studies of <em>TLR4</em> in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats, assessing its significance in economically important traits. Significant evidence associates <em>TLR4</em> mutations with resistance to mastitis—mainly through associations with somatic cell score—and susceptibility to several infectious diseases, including paratuberculosis (PTB), infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), and digital dermatitis. Moreover, <em>TLR4</em> polymorphisms are significantly associated with reproductive performance metrics such as calving interval, days open, and postpartum health, in addition to milk production parameters including yield, fat, and protein content. Notably, specific polymorphisms such as TLR4c.–226 G&gt;C and c.2021 C&gt;T in cattle show recurring pleiotropic associations, positioning them as promising candidates for marker-assisted selection. A persistent theme is that haplotype-based analyses typically produce more reliable associations than single nucleotide polymorphisms, highlighting the significance of genetic context. Data typically reveal population- and breed-specific variability, emphasizing the importance of local genetic structure. Although <em>TLR4</em> exhibits substantial pleiotropic potential for genomic selection, notable deficiencies persist, especially in functional validation and studies involving small ruminants. Future studies should emphasize functional genomics to establish causality, conduct extensive multi-breed genome-wide studies, and employ integrated systems biology methodologies. This will facilitate the effective application of <em>TLR4</em> in breeding programs designed to produce animals that are more disease-resistant, reproductively efficient, and adaptable to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of artificial intelligence in equine colic: A scoping review of diagnostic, prognostic, and decision-support applications","authors":"Yu Gao,&nbsp;Zijun Luo,&nbsp;Zhixiang Dong,&nbsp;Shumin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine colic, strangulating colic in particular, remains one of the leading causes of mortality in horses, with timely diagnosis and accurate prognostic assessment being critical for clinical decision-making. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied to support diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in veterinary medicine. However, the scope, methodological characteristics, and performance of AI models in equine colic have not been systematically mapped. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted to summarize current AI applications in equine colic, identify commonly used algorithms, describe reported performance metrics, and highlight methodological gaps affecting clinical translation. 16 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included, comprising 104 AI models applied to equine colic. Most models focused on prognostic prediction, particularly survival outcome prediction. Logistic regression was the most frequently used method, followed by random forest (RF) and other ensemble approaches. Across studies, RF generally demonstrated strong discriminative performance for survival prediction, with reported area under the curve values ranging from 0.79 to 0.99 and accuracy often exceeding 80%. However, external validation, calibration assessment, and standardized preprocessing strategies were infrequently reported. Limited handling of class imbalance and inconsistent reporting practices further reduced reproducibility and generalizability. Findings highlight that AI applications demonstrate promising potential for prognostic prediction and clinical decision-making in equine colic, but important methodological barriers remain. Future research should emphasize multicenter collaboration, external validation, calibration assessment, standardized reporting frameworks, imbalance-management strategies, explainable AI integration, and multimodal monitoring systems to facilitate clinical translation of AI tools in equine practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological investigation of myocardial sleeves with potential relevance to atrial fibrillation in Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotters","authors":"Airina Kallmyr-Mack,&nbsp;Ingunn Risnes Hellings,&nbsp;Charles McLean Press,&nbsp;Lara Ibrahim,&nbsp;Gunther van Loon,&nbsp;Constanze Fintl","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myocardial sleeves (MSs) are thin layers of cardiac muscle that extend from the atria into the caval and pulmonary veins. They are recognised as important structures in both initiating and maintaining atrial tachycardia, and especially atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most clinically important cardiac arrhythmia in horses with a reported prevalence of 1.3–2% in Standardbred racehorses. In contrast, the Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotter (NSCT) has a much lower prevalence of AF despite experiencing similar physical demands. The purpose of this study was to describe the macro-, and microscopic features of the caval MSs in NSCTs including quantifying the amount of fibrosis to investigate whether this breed has anatomical properties that might protect against the development of AF. The hearts of 33 horses were collected during postmortem examination and measurements of atrial structures and MSs were performed. MSs were present in both caval veins with the cranial vena cava (CrVC) displaying a clearer border compared to the caudal vena cava (CaVC). Myocardial islands were present only in the CaVC, and there was significantly more interstitial fibrosis in the MS of the CaVC than in the CrVC. Varying orientation of myocardium with a mix of transverse, longitudinal, and oblique myofibres was evident, especially in the CaVC. The caval MSs in NSCTs displayed many similarities with other horse breeds with a higher reported prevalence of AF. The findings indicate that NSCTs have an anatomical substrate that might allow development and maintenance of atrial arrhythmias. Other structural or electrical properties might be protective in this breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence of novel H3N8 and H3N3 avian influenza viruses in chickens during multi-province surveillance in China and their potential public health risk","authors":"Xue Wang,&nbsp;Hao Shi,&nbsp;Peidong Li,&nbsp;Hao Zhu,&nbsp;Naijia Zhang,&nbsp;Qingqing Song,&nbsp;Shouchuan Liu,&nbsp;Qingquan Lu,&nbsp;Abdul Khalique,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Saleemi,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Li,&nbsp;Chunguo Liu,&nbsp;Limin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The H3 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a substantial global public health threat due to its high host adaptability and ongoing evolution. The recent emergence of novel H3N8 and H3N3 AIVs associated with cross-species transmission underscores the urgent need for enhanced epidemiological surveillance. In this study, we conducted surveillance and characterization of H3 AIVs based on a total of 737 poultry samples collected across 21 Chinese provinces from November 2022 to December 2023. Of these, 69 (9.4%) tested positive for H3 AIV by RT-qPCR, and one H3N8 isolate and ten H3N3 isolates were obtained for whole-genome characterization. We performed whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, reassortment inference, and evaluation of key amino acid substitutions, alongside antigenic characterization using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays and an in vivo mouse challenge experiment. The H3N8 isolate was identified as a triple-reassortant virus possessing the Eurasian avian H3 gene, the North American avian N8 gene, and H9N2-derived internal genes. The H3N3 isolates represented reassortant viruses that had acquired the HA gene from the novel H3N8 AIV lineage, the NA gene from H10N3 AIV, and internal genes from H9N2 AIV. All isolates exhibited HA cleavage sites characteristic of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Additionally, several amino acid substitutions previously associated with enhanced mammalian adaptation were identified, including L89V and I292V in PB2 and H436Y in PB1. In a BALB/c mouse challenge experiment, the representative H3N8 virus established infection without prior adaptation and replicated predominantly in the upper respiratory tract, with detectable viral RNA in respiratory tissues and limited extrapulmonary dissemination. Antigenic analysis revealed no cross-reactivity between the novel H3 AIVs and H5, H7, or H9 AIVs as measured by HI. Based on molecular and phylogenetic characterization, antigenic assessment, and preliminary mammalian infection data, our findings provide evidence suggesting a potential public health risk. We recommend intensified surveillance of H3 AIVs in poultry and accelerated vaccine development to curb viral spread and improve public health preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of prepartum amino acid and biochemical profiles for hypocalcemia in Holstein dairy cows","authors":"Cennet Nur Ünal,&nbsp;Murat Uztimür","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypocalcemia occurs at the onset of lactation when homeostatic mechanisms are unable to maintain calcium homeostasis. In transition cows, amino acids are important components of protein metabolism. This study investigated the predictive ability of amino acid and metabolic profile parameters for hypocalcemia, their levels during the disease, and their potential roles in its pathogenesis. A total of 60 Holstein dairy cows, 10 ± 3 days before calving, were enrolled in the study and followed throughout the transition period. Of the cows included in the study, 10 remained disease free, while 16 developed hypocalcemia. The predictive power of 3-methylhistidine at a cutoff value of 8.30 µmol/L was 85%; that of aspartic acid at a cutoff value of 3.43 µmol/L was 77%; that of hydroxylysine at a cutoff value of 9.20 µmol/L was 82%; that of total bilirubin at a cutoff value of 0.018 mg/dL was 80%; that of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) at a cutoff value of 20.70 mg/dL was 88%; and that of cholesterol at a cutoff value of 84.1 mg/dL was 80%. Glycine showed 90% predictive power for changes of ≥ 35%. This study identified various amino acids and biochemical parameters that may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypocalcemia. It showed that prepartum 3-methylhistidine, aspartic acid, hydroxylysine, total bilirubin, LDL, cholesterol, and glycine may serve as predictive markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral use of anxiolytic, sedative, and anaesthetic medications in domestic cats (Felis catus): A scoping review","authors":"Megan Pickering,&nbsp;Todd McWhorter,&nbsp;Susan Hazel","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This scoping review examined existing research on the oral administration of anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, dissociative, and anaesthetic medications in domestic cats, with the aim of identifying agents that could reduce stress, fear, and defensive behaviours during capture and handling. Thirty-seven studies from 1908 to 2024 were included, encompassing domestic cats sourced from pharmaceutical and university research colonies, animal shelters, client-owned and free-roaming semi-owned and unowned cats. Administered drugs included GABA derivatives (gabapentin, pregabalin), serotonin receptor modulators (trazodone), benzodiazepines, α2-adrenoreceptor agonists, NMDA receptor blockers (ketamine, tiletamine), opioid analgesics, antihistamines, and cannabinoids, as well as medications that have been archived from contemporary clinical practice. Outcome measures included a range of descriptive sedation and behavioural scoring tools for stress and compliance. Many agents demonstrated potential for reducing fear-based behaviours or achieving sedation when given orally, though palatability, variable absorption, and adverse effects such as hypersalivation and vomiting were common limitations. The results of this review suggest that oral sedatives could be effective alternatives to injectable administration in particular contexts, but further field-based research - especially involving fractious cats - is needed to optimise drug choice, dosing, and delivery methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear biomarkers in veterinary species: An updated review with special focus on dogs and cats","authors":"L. Vaquer-Alcaraz,&nbsp;A. Muñoz-Prieto,&nbsp;L. Pardo-Marín,&nbsp;A. Bayón","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tear film is traditionally described as a highly organized, multilayer structure comprising an outer lipid layer, a central aqueous phase, and an inner mucin layer, each contributing distinct structural and functional properties. Beyond its essential roles in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis, tear fluid represents an integrated biological secretion shaped by systemic physiological regulation that might be used as a source of biomarkers. While tear fluid has long been recognized in human medicine as a valuable reservoir of biomarkers, its diagnostic and translational potential in veterinary medicine has only recently begun to emerge. This narrative review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the physiological characteristics and biochemical composition of tear fluid. It covers how tear composition changes under pathological conditions and outlines the most widely used sampling techniques—such as Schirmer strips, capillary tubes, and absorbent materials—discussing their advantages, limitations, and their influence on sample quality. It further explores the identification of tear biomarkers and significantly expanded the diagnostic potential of tear-based research in animals. This will contribute to a better knowledge as tears as a source of biomarkers that represents a promising, non-invasive medium for the detection and monitoring of both ocular and systemic diseases in animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 106786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Development and evaluation of a nanozyme-based lateral flow assay strip for avian leukosis virus detection” [The Veterinary Journal 315 (2026) 106508]","authors":"Liyan Cao ,&nbsp;Kexiong Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Jin ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Shen ,&nbsp;Rui Zeng ,&nbsp;Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 106653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and characterization of an immortalized equine osteoblast cell line","authors":"Esther Palomino Lago ,&nbsp;Scott J. Roberts ,&nbsp;Isabel R. Orriss ,&nbsp;Ellison S. Lumsden ,&nbsp;Deborah J. Guest","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone is a dynamic tissue that is maintained through the co-ordination of bone resorption and bone formation. An imbalance of these processes can lead to bone disease. <em>In vitro</em> studies of osteoblasts can help to understand bone formation, but primary cells have a limited lifespan in culture. Herein, we report the successful generation of equine immortalized osteoblasts through the stable overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen in osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone taken from the third metacarpal of a two-year-old Thoroughbred horse. Primary osteoblasts displayed limited proliferation in culture, a decrease in the expression of osteogenic-associated genes and alkaline phosphatase activity with increasing passage and a failure to survive and produce a mineralised matrix after 21 days of osteogenic culture at high passage. In contrast, immortalized equine osteoblasts could be expanded for over 50 passages while retaining osteogenic gene expression, high alkaline phosphatase activity, a normal karyotype and the ability to produce a mineralised matrix after osteogenic culture. The immortalized equine osteoblasts therefore constitute a useful <em>in vitro</em> model to study equine bone formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four decades of Canine Parvovirus research: A global bibliometric and science mapping study","authors":"Kadir Sevim ,&nbsp;Ekrem Çağatay Çolakoğlu,&nbsp;Şinasi Borgahan Deniz","doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains one of the most significant viral pathogens in veterinary medicine due to its high transmissibility and continuous genetic evolution. Despite more than four decades of intensive research, a data-driven assessment of how global research priorities align with the virus’s evolving epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics is still lacking. This study presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis of global CPV research published between 1980 and 2024, aiming to identify dominant research themes, collaboration structures, and critical knowledge gaps. A total of 818 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection were analysed using the Bibliometrix R package. The findings reveal a highly centralised but stable research ecosystem, predominantly led by the United States and Italy, with a strong emphasis on molecular characterisations, VP2 gene variants, and vaccine-related studies. Thematic evolution analysis demonstrates a clear transition from early clinicopathological descriptions toward molecular epidemiology and evolutionary surveillance. However, a key imbalance emerges: although CPV research increasingly adopts a One Health perspective, scientific output remains disproportionately concentrated in a limited number of high-income regions, systematically under-representing areas with potentially high disease burden and surveillance needs. In conclusion, this study maps the historical and conceptual evolution of CPV research while explicitly identifying neglected domains in global surveillance and geographical coverage. These findings provide a strategic evidence base for researchers, funding agencies, and policy stakeholders to recalibrate research priorities toward emerging variants, under-investigated regions, and integrated One Health–oriented surveillance frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23505,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary journal","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 106593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}