Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Molecular and Clinical Study of Bovine Coronavirus and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Co-Infection Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease in Iraqi Calves.","authors":"Karrar Jasim Hamzah, Noor R Abady, Diyar Khlaif Flaifel, Sumod Abdul Kadhem Salman, Dhay Ali Abed, Ahmed Hamzah Mosa","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3319844","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3319844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial syndrome causing major economic losses in cattle production worldwide. The present study investigated the prevalence, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic relationship of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> co-infection in calves exhibiting respiratory and enteric signs. A total of 80 nasal and fecal samples were collected from calves aged 2 weeks to 2 months, showing clinical signs ranging from mild to acute disease. Clinical severity was categorized according to fever, dehydration, diarrhea, and respiratory distress. Molecular detection of BCoV was performed using real-time RT-PCR and conventional PCR targeting the <i>N</i> gene, while <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were identified by bacteriological culture, biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA software and sequence alignment tools. The results showed that BCoV was detected in 35% of examined samples, while <i>S. aureus</i> was identified in 28% of cases. Co-infection was observed in 15% of calves and was significantly associated with severe clinical manifestations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Acute and moderate cases demonstrated markedly higher BCoV positivity compared with mild cases. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed amplification of the BCoV <i>N</i> gene at 205 bp and the <i>S. aureus</i> 16S rRNA gene at approximately 1500 bp. Sequence alignment of local <i>S. aureus</i> isolates revealed highly conserved nucleotide regions, whereas phylogenetic analysis demonstrated genetic diversity among both bacterial and viral isolates. Local BCoV strains showed considerable sequence divergence compared with international reference strains, suggesting ongoing viral evolution. In conclusion, co-infection between BCoV and <i>S. aureus</i> significantly increases disease severity in calves and highlights the importance of integrated molecular diagnostics and continuous phylogenetic surveillance for effective BRD control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3319844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomography of <i>Coenurus cerebralis</i> in Sheep: High Diagnostic Sensitivity With Limited Association to Clinical Severity.","authors":"Javad Abbasi, Amin Zamani, Majid Masoudi Fard, Mostafa Abdollahi, Arezoo Ramezani, Amin Anoushepour, Danial Goli","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3070740","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3070740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Coenurosis is an important cause of neurological disease in sheep in endemic regions. Ante-mortem diagnosis is primarily based on clinical signs, which are often nonspecific. Computed tomography (CT) can detect intracranial cystic lesions. This study aimed to describe CT imaging features of <i>Coenurus cerebralis</i> in sheep and to evaluate their association with neurological clinical findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty 7-month-old Afshari male lambs with neurological signs consistent with coenurosis and 20 healthy matched controls were included. Affected animals underwent neurological examination, clinical severity scoring, and cranial CT imaging using a standardized protocol. Cyst number, volume, and anatomical location were recorded, and Hounsfield unit (HU) values of cyst fluid, brain parenchyma, and skull bone were measured. Diagnosis was confirmed by gross pathological examination and PCR targeting the mitochondrial COX1 gene. Associations between CT variables and clinical findings were analyzed using regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cysts identified at necropsy were detected by CT, corresponding to a sensitivity of 100%. No significant associations were found between cyst number, size, or location and neurological signs or clinical severity score (<i>p</i> > 0.05). HU values of brain parenchyma and cranial bone were significantly lower in affected sheep compared with controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT is highly sensitive for detecting cerebral cysts in sheep with coenurosis. However, CT-derived structural features are not associated with clinical severity and should not be used for prognostic evaluation. CT remains a valuable adjunct diagnostic tool when interpreted alongside clinical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3070740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating pTau181 and Genomic Background in Dogs: A Pilot Study on Neurobiological Aging.","authors":"Valentina Gazzano, Maria Chiara Fabbri, Simona Capsoni, Carlo Cantile, Lara Tinacci, Angelo Gazzano, Maria Claudia Curadi, Francesca Cecchi","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7159552","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7159552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging in dogs mirrors key biological aspects of human aging, including molecular processes associated with neurodegeneration, making the dog a valuable comparative model. This pilot study investigated the integration of circulating blood biomarkers and genomic architecture to explore interindividual variability associated with neurobiological aging in dogs. Forty-eight dogs (31 purebred Labrador Retrievers and 17 mixed-breed dogs; age range: 2-15 years) were analyzed for serum phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (pTau181). Genome-wide SNP genotyping was performed to characterize population structure, estimate pedigree- and ROH-based genomic inbreeding, and conduct an exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS). Circulating pTau181 produced a quantifiable signal, but a subset of values fell below the assay's lower limit of detection and were coded as zero for statistical analysis. Data showed a continuous distribution, with mean values ranging from 6.1 to 13.4 pg/mL across demographic groups. No significant associations were observed between pTau181 concentrations and age category, sex, or breed group. Genomic analyses revealed clear population stratification between Labrador Retrievers and mixed-breed dogs, with significantly higher genomic homozygosity in Labradors (FROH = 0.26 ± 0.05) compared with mixed breeds (FROH = 0.12 ± 0.14; <i>p</i> = 0.00025). No significant correlations were detected between circulating pTau181 levels and genomic inbreeding coefficients. Exploratory GWAS identified a suggestive association between pTau181 concentrations and a locus on chromosome 29 (top SNP <i>p</i> = 5.57 × 10^-7), encompassing genes involved in proteostasis, neurodevelopment, and cellular metabolism. Although these associations did not reach genome-wide significance, they point to a biologically coherent genomic region potentially contributing to interindividual variability in tau blood levels. Overall, these findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of combining circulating pTau181 measurements with genome-wide analyses to investigate molecular and genetic aspects of neurobiological aging in dogs within a comparative research framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7159552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of SNPs in the <i>LCORL</i> and <i>LTBP2</i> Genes on Comprehensive Performance Traits in Charolais Sheep.","authors":"Jiaqi Ge, Ziwen Qi, Jianing Xin, Yvxin Shi, Wangshu Li, Dakun LYu, Yunlong Guo, Fengzhi Liu, Decui Xia, Xuehai Du, Guochun Wang, Shuhuan Yang, Zeying Wang","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7393976","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7393976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Charolais sheep is a world-renowned breed of meat sheep, known for its large frame, heavy muscling, and rapid growth. A novel breed, the Chao Mu meat sheep, has been developed by utilizing the Charolais sheep as the paternal line. This advancement has significantly contributed to the genetic enhancement and breeding of indigenous meat sheep in China. However, body size varies among different Charolais families introduced in China. To address this, we employed DNA-seq combined with MLR analysis to identify key genes associated with growth, slaughter, and meat quality performance. Isolation of genomic DNA was performed from blood samples obtained from 1400 Charolais sheep with recorded production performance data for subsequent statistical analyses of genotypes and haplotypes. A SNP (T136210A) was identified in <i>LCORL</i>, and another (G105452A) in <i>LTBP2</i>, in Charolais sheep. In the haplotype combinations of these genes, for growth, the dominant haplotype in ewes was TTAA. Multiple linear regression demonstrated a significant linear relationship between body weight and these performance metrics. BW = 0.690CC + 0.522LL + 1.546CW + 1.863WH - 2.386BaH + 1.613BH - 0.610BL + 3.422CaC - 0.819SH + 1.555FW - 0.575CD + 0.227HH - 118.193 (<i>R</i> ² = 0.794) in ewes and BW = 1.472CC + 0.509HW - 88.303 (<i>R</i> ² = 0.961) in rams. The TT (<i>LCORL</i>) in ewes and GG (<i>LTBP2</i>) in ewe lamb genotypes are promising candidates as molecular markers for the evaluation of growth performance. Genotypes TT (<i>LCORL</i>) and GG (<i>LTBP2</i>) were associated with slaughter performance, suggesting their potential utility as molecular markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7393976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Detection of O-Type and A-Type Antibodies Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tongliao City, 2021-2022.","authors":"Rong Zhao, Xiong Dai, Jun Ai, Tianlong Hu, Ruiying Wang, Yanlin Li, Jige Xin, Diangang Han","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9983736","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9983736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious viral disease caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Serological testing for FMDV antibodies is an effective method to assess the immune response following vaccination. In this study, 36,510 bovine blood samples were collected from both households and farms across 8 districts of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, between January 2021 and December 2022. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect serum antibodies. The results indicated that the seropositivity rates of O-type FMDV antibodies in eight regions (A-H) of Tongliao City during 2021-2022 ranged from 73.09% to 100% in 2021 and 83.75%-100% in 2022, respectively. Significant differences were observed among the regions. In 2021, the immune protection levels of A-type FMDV antibodies in Regions B and G were below 70%, at 65.38% and 68.40%, respectively. In 2021, the positive rates of FMDV O-type and A-type antibodies were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on farms compared to households, indicating a higher trend in farms. However, in 2022, no significant difference was observed between farms and households (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Seasonally, the positive rates of O-type and A-type FMDV antibodies in spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2021 were 80.81%-97.67% and 78.27%-94.07%, respectively, while in 2022, they were 83.18%-96.50% and 80.14%-94.76%, respectively. During the period from 2021 to 2022, FMD immunization efforts in various regions of Tongliao City achieved generally satisfactory immunization outcomes. However, Regions B and G require enhanced immunization and reevaluation. This information serves as a valuable reference for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for FMD Serotypes O and A.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9983736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Spp. Isolated From Cloacal Swab of Healthy Layer Chickens and Egg Surface at Selected Farms in Bangladesh.","authors":"Most Rafiya Akter, Md Arefin Kallol, Shanzida Binte Alam, Md Mahmudul Alam, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir, Md Masudur Rahman, Marzia Rahman","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5515539","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5515539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> spp. is regarded as a perilous menace of public health significance. This research finding was carried out to investigate the prevalence of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in cloacal swabs of healthy layer birds and egg surface washing along with their resistance patterns and some associated resistance gene detection. In total, 120 samples consisting of 60 cloacal swabs and 60 eggs were collected from three different layer farms located at Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and subjected to various classical and molecular approaches. Antibiotic resistance patterns were investigated phenotypically using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and genotypically by detection of respective resistance genes. The overall prevalence rate of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was 29% (95% CI: 18.077%-33.255%) and sample-wise prevalence was 23% (95% CI: 14.415%-26.918%) in cloacal swab and 35% (95% CI: 22.043%-39.956%) in egg surface washing, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the highest resistance was found to ampicillin 94.29% (95% CI: 86.65%-99.96%) followed by oxytetracycline 80.00%, (95% CI: 65.23%-98.03%), and erythromycin 65.72% (95% CI: 56.73%-75.41%), 45.71%, (95% CI: 33.039%-58.08%) to streptomycin, whereas the highest sensitivity was observed against florfenicol 74.29% (95% CI: 62.91%-85.28%), followed by ciprofloxacin (68.57%, 95% CI: 62.80%-73.66%), and sulphamethoxazole (68.57%, 95% CI: 53.48%-78.97%). The isolates were also found to be MDR as 80% (28/35) isolates (95% CI: 75.80%-86.69%) possessed a MAR index ranging between 0.33 and 0.89. On average, 19 isolates (54.28%; 95% CI: 26.90%-85.17%) were resistant to 5 - 8 antibiotics of seven classes, which is really alarming for public health significance. Based on PCR results, different resistant genes <i>blaTEM, tetA, aadA1, cat1,</i> and <i>flo-</i>R were amplified from 100%, 85.71%, 77.14%, 62.86%, and 37.14% of the isolates. Due to increased drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs are becoming ineffective for the medication of both human and animal infections. Further investigations are also suggested to cope with antimicrobial resistance through this research study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5515539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis and Quantification of Bovine Abortion Caused by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in the Tropical Climate of Brazil.","authors":"Marco Túlio Dos Santos Costa, Marlon Ribeiro, Caroline Argenta Pescador, Milena Lima Bernardes, Valéria Dutra, Tatiana Gabriela Paz Calvache, Luciano Nakazato","doi":"10.1155/vmi/4914633","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/4914633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligate intracellular parasite, considered a zoonotic agent, and one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in humans. It is also responsible for infectious abortion and congenital defects in ruminants and human fetuses. While abortion in small ruminants due to <i>T. gondii</i> is well documented in the literature, bovine abortion is rare. In this article, we investigate the occurrence of <i>T. gondii</i>-induced abortion in cattle, providing molecular and immunohistochemical evidence from Brazilian herds. A total of 156 bovine fetuses were submitted for necropsy, and tissue samples were collected. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed on these samples. Differential diagnosis was conducted for five bovine abortion diseases. Three samples (1.9%) showed lesions compatible with <i>T. gondii</i> on histopathology and tested positive by qPCR, with quantities of 476 copies/mg, 148 copies/mg, and 16 copies/mg, respectively. One positive sample was purified and prepared for sequencing, confirming identification as <i>T. gondii</i>. This study demonstrates that circulating <i>T. gondii</i> in Brazil is capable of causing abortion in cattle, highlighting the need for specific prophylactic measures against the pathogen and the importance of avoiding management practices that favor its establishment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4914633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rearing System and Seasonality on Fatty Acid Composition in <i>Longissimus lumborum</i> Muscle of Cattle in Eastern Amazon, Brazil.","authors":"Andrea Viana da Cruz, Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva, André Guimarães Maciel E Silva, Susana Paula Alves, Cristina Fernandes Xavier, Rui José Branquinho Bessa, Ana Paula Damasceno Ferreira, Adriny Dos Santos Miranda Lobato, Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues, Vanessa Vieira Lourenço Costa, Antônio Marcos Quadros Cunha, Elton Alex Corrêa da Silva, Leonel António Joaquim, Laíza de Kássia Mendes da Conceição, Mariana Jucá Moraes, Welligton Conceição da Silva, José de Brito Lourenço Júnior","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2468294","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/2468294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rearing systems and seasonality (rainy and dry seasons) on the fatty acid (FA) composition in cattle. Samples of the <i>Longissimus lumborum</i> muscle were obtained from carcasses of 96 castrated Nelore cattle. The samples were lyophilized, and the FA composition was determined by the direct transesterification method and analyzed by gas chromatography. The rearing systems comprise two native pastures (extensive grazing), one cultivated pasture (intensive grazing) and one feedlot. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models, including the fixed effects of production system, season, and their interaction. Regarding polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) were the most abundant in all systems. C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, and C20:4n-6 were higher in pasture systems than in the feedlot, especially in intensive grazing during the rainy season. In the dry season, the scenario was reversed; C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 showed a higher concentration in the feedlot system compared to pasture systems. The study demonstrated that pasture production, such as traditional extensive systems, promoted a better ratio of n-6/n-3, contributing to a healthier lipid composition in the meat, when compared to the feedlot. Although the feedlot system has a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), the analysis shows that the extensive system offers a more balanced and healthy FA composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2468294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Publicly Available NDV F Gene Sequences From Bangladesh (2010-2024).","authors":"Farah Zereen, Md Abdur Rahman, Md Golzar Hossain, Jahangir Alam, Masaru Shimada, Md Tanvir Rahman, Muhammad Munir, Sukumar Saha","doi":"10.1155/vmi/8821675","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/8821675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newcastle disease, caused by avian orthoavulavirus serotype 1, is a highly contagious and economically devastating viral infection affecting both wild and domestic birds. The disease is characterized by severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms, often leading to high mortality and substantial production losses, particularly in commercial poultry. In Bangladesh, multiple virulent and avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotypes and subgenotypes continue to circulate despite ongoing vaccination programs. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the genetic landscape of prevalent NDV strains in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2024 using full-length coding sequences of the fusion (F) gene. Specifically, we focused on genotypes, subgenotypes, host species, and annual distribution patterns in the country. We further investigated phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary divergence, and amino acid substitutions in the full-length F protein. Comparative analyses of amino acid variability and sequence similarity between currently used vaccine strains and prevalent Bangladeshi field isolates were also scrutinized. We have unraveled considerable genetic divergence, and highlighted mismatches in genotypic coverage. These findings underscore the urgent need to reevaluate existing NDV vaccines strain to ensure improved protection against circulating NDVs in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8821675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Alphaherpesvirus in Psittacines in the State of Mato Grosso.","authors":"Thais Rosso da Silva, Marco Túlio Dos Santos Costa, Danny Franciele da Silva Dias Moraes, Camila Regina Almeida Vani, Augusto Cesar Dos Santos Stering, Valéria Dutra, Luciano Nakazato","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6417751","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6417751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily belongs to the Orthoherpesviridae family, whose viruses are characterized by rapid replication and the ability to establish latent infection in host cells. These viruses cause important avian diseases such as Marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, and Pacheco's disease (PD) in psittacines. In Brazilian avifauna, especially within the Psittacidae family, sanitary problems are frequently observed due to stress caused by deforestation and wildlife trafficking, factors that can exacerbate herpesvirus infections. Due to the limited available data on herpesvirus occurrence in wild psittacines, the aim of this study was to survey and identify alphaherpesviruses in psittacine species in Mato Grosso using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, correlating the results with phylogenetic analysis. Biological samples were obtained from IBAMA, SEMA, and CEMPAS and sent to the Veterinary Hospital of UFMT (HOVET) between 2019 and 2024. PCR-positive samples, which amplified a 264-bp fragment of the UL30 gene, were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In total, 131 samples were analyzed, including liver tissue, cloacal swabs, and blood, from both captive and free-living birds. Twelve (9.16%) were positive by PCR, with swabs showing the highest detection rate. A sequenced sample from <i>Amazona aestiva</i> showed 79.77% amino acid identity with <i>Eupsittula herpesvirus</i>, suggesting a potentially distinct alphaherpesvirus lineage. Another positive sample from <i>Ara ararauna</i> showed 97.65% identity with <i>Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1</i>. These results demonstrate the detection of alphaherpesviruses in psittacine birds from Mato Grosso and reveal phylogenetic relationships that warrant further genomic investigation to better understand viral diversity and potential host associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6417751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}