Tropical life sciences research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Drought Stress and Osmopriming on the Growth and Yield of Tadong Upland Rice in Sabah, Malaysia.","authors":"Robin Ah Hee Lim, Evelyn Shin Rou Koay, Mok Sam Lum","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress remains one of the most significant challenges facing the development and production of upland rice. Seed osmopriming represents a method to enhance plant growth and offers potential against drought stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 seed osmopriming and drought stress on the growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters of Tadong upland rice. The growth and yield of the Tadong upland rice variety were evaluated at five osmotic potentials using PEG 6000 for drought-induced osmopriming and at varying levels of drought stress with three soil moisture contents (SMC). Significant interaction effects between PEG 6000 osmotic potential levels and drought stress levels were observed across all measured parameters of Tadong upland rice. The combination of 20% SMC with -4 bar PEG proved optimal for growth and yield, showing a 55.68% increase compared to 10% SMC with -2 bar PEG, which produced the lowest yield per plant. Additional research should examine the effects of different PEG 6000 osmotic potential and drought stress levels on other upland rice varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"37 1","pages":"205-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of Apoptotic Protein and Migration-Inhibitory Effects of Gallic Acid and Methyl Gallate Combined with Cisplatin in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells.","authors":"Hasmah Abdullah, Norlida Mamat, Syahirah Sazeli, Hermizi Hapidin, Sarina Sulong, Illyana Ismail, Deena Elsori","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigated the effects of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG), in combination with cisplatin (CIS), on apoptotic protein expression, antioxidant gene expression and cell migration in HeLa cervical cancer cells. HeLa cells were treated with the combinations CIS-GA and CIS-MG prior to further analysis. The expression of apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9 and p53) was determined via western blot analysis. Antioxidant gene expression in treated HeLa cells was then assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The migration-inhibitory effect of the compound combinations was assessed using a scratch wound-healing assay. Treatment with CIS-GA significantly upregulated the expression of p53, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2. Results from RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of human catalase (<i>hCAT</i>) in the CIS-GA group and no changes in superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1</i>) expression in either the CIS-GA or CIS-MG groups. Moreover, lower wound closure percentages were observed after 24-hour incubation in both treated groups, indicating inhibited cell migration. These findings suggest that GA and MG combined with CIS upregulate apoptotic proteins by downregulating antioxidant gene (<i>hCAT</i>).</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"37 1","pages":"109-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of Zoonotic Pathogens and Taxonomic Identification of Non-volant Small Mammals in Peninsular Malaysia.","authors":"Zhen Yun Siew, Nazifah Fitriyah Zariman, Wan Siti Mariam Wan Sa'idi, Zi Yi Lui, Harriydra Sai Muthu Coomarhesan, Isaac Seow, Nur Juliani Shafie, Siew Tung Wong, Mohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul Razak, Millawati Gani, Syriswin Wesdy Sindang, Kenny Voon","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaysia's tropical rainforests host a rich biodiversity, including various non-volant small mammals. Among these, murid rodents (family Muridae) are ecologically significant and frequently associated with zoonotic pathogens, making them important subjects for public health research. In recent years, treeshrews (family Tupaiidae), small omnivorous mammals once grouped with primates, have also gained increasing scientific attention due to their unique evolutionary position and emerging role in disease ecology. Rapid species identification is vital for effective surveillance, particularly in the context of emerging infectious diseases. In this study, PCR amplification targeting mitochondrial and nuclear DNA regions was performed using a range of primers, followed by Sanger sequencing to validate the amplicons. Among the primers tested, mcb398 and mcb869, targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, proved most effective, yielding consistent amplification and high-quality sequences for both rodents and treeshrews. Besides, 22 animals were captured and screened for selected zoonotic pathogens. <i>Paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, picornaviruses, orthoreoviruses</i> and <i>Dengue viruses</i> were not detected in the faecal samples of rats, Asian house shrews and palm civets. However, <i>mammalian orthoreovirus</i> type 3 and <i>Dengue virus</i> serotype 2 were detected in one and three faecal samples from treeshrews, respectively. Notably, <i>Tupaia</i> sp. m ZYS-2025, detected in this study, may represent a novel species that has not known to science previously.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"37 1","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Spinach Supplementation in Enhancing the Growth of Blue Swimming Crab Larvae, <i>Portunus pelagicus</i>.","authors":"Alias Redzuari, Ariffin Hidir, Muyassar H Abualreesh, Hanafiah Fazhan, Khor Waiho, Hongyu Ma, Mhd Ikhwanuddin","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blue swimming crabs (<i>Portunus pelagicus</i>) consistently command higher prices in domestic and global markets due to elevated demand. Due to the rising issue of low crab larvae survival, farmers have begun using artificial hormones to increase survival rates and ensure hatchery production aligns with market demands. However, the outcomes of using artificial hormones are concerning, as these compounds pose serious risks to aquatic organisms, humans, and the environment. To address the harmful effects of artificial hormones, efforts are now focused on identifying affordable and eco-friendly plant-based alternatives, such as spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i>), which contains bioactive compounds that could promote crab larval growth and survival. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of spinach in improving the growth performance of <i>P.pelagicus</i> larvae. This was accomplished by enriching <i>Artemia</i> with spinach, allowingit to serve as a nutrient-enhanced live feed. Compounds in the spinach leaf wereextracted with methanol and analysed through GC-MS to identify potential growth-related compounds. LC₅₀ analysis (1,000 ppm-2,000 ppm) was conducted on <i>Artemia</i> todetermine the optimal enrichment concentration (1,600 ppm) before use in larval feeding.Results indicated spinach contains compounds such as steroids (5.9%), palmitic acid(5.2%), oleic acid (2.5%) and flavonoids (3.6%) that can potentially improve larval growth.Toxicity analysis showed that the 1,600 ppm treatment was the LC₅₀, meaning it is theoptimal concentration for <i>Artemia</i> enrichment, delivering the highest amount of bioactivecompounds without affecting <i>Artemia</i> survival. Larvae were fed spinach-enriched <i>Artemia</i>(1,600 ppm) and compared with unenriched <i>Artemia</i> (control). The 1,600 ppm treatmentresulted in significantly higher survival at various larval stages (Z1-Z2: 82.6%, Z2-Z3:91.9%, M-C1: 38.1%), shorter intermoult periods for Z2-Z3 (2.9 days), Z3-Z4 (3.1 days),and M-C1 (3.8 days) and higher SGR (M: 22.5% day^-1, C1: 24.5% day^-1). Larval steroidanalysis supported these findings, with treatment 1,600 ppm yielding higher steroid levels across all stages (511.63-3953 pg/mL), suggesting that spinach-derived steroids may stimulate moulting and enhance larval growth and survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"37 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding of Flower Initiation Pattern and Developmental Stages of Epiphyte orchid <i>Aerides odorata</i> Lour., from Sabah.","authors":"Nor Amirah Shamsudin, Jualang Azlan Gansau, Ahmad Asnawi Mus, Heira Vanessa Nelson, Devina David, Nor Azizun Rusdi","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2026.37.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aerides odorata</i> Lour. is an epiphytic orchid with commercial potential due to its intriguing flowers. Nevertheless, the flowering patterns of this species have not been investigated. Flower initiation and development are important for plant reproduction because they mark the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, allowing plants to produce flowers and ultimately, seeds or fruits. Besides, floral initiation and development in orchids differ among various species. This work seeks to observe and document the flowering stages and find the optimal maturity stage for <i>Aerides odorata</i> Lour. seed pod, which is crucial for <i>in vitro</i> asymbiotic seed germination. Three orchid plants with 2-3 peduncles each were observed daily over five months, every morning (9:00 a.m.-11:00 a.m.) to record development from spike initiation to full bloom, and subsequently for three months post-pollination until capsule dehiscence. Summarising the information on floral developmental stages involved four main phases: spike formation (considered the first day of the phases), bud initiation, flowering and senescence until seed pod formation. The results showed that approximately twelve significant floral developmental stages were systematically documented, each correlated with time intervals and morphological landmarks. Upon observation, it was noted that each of these species could create a maximum of 22 flower buds per plant. The flower is fully wilted 85 days after being pollinated. In addition, the pollinated flowers transformed into capsules and fully reached maturity after 100 days following pollination. Gaining insight into the floral initiation process in orchid species is crucial for optimising cultivation conditions and promoting successful flowering in these aesthetically pleasing and varied plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"37 1","pages":"133-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Survivability of The Free-Living Stage Larvae of Equine Strongyles in Different Environments and Soil Types.","authors":"Idzana Ab Malek, Fuziaton Baharudin, Tan Li Peng, Jasni Sabri","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.5","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine strongyles are harmful gastrointestinal parasites affecting horses' health and productivity. In tropical regions, environmental conditions, including temperature and soil type, significantly influence the development and survivability of strongyle larvae. This study aims to assess the development and survival of third-stage larvae (L3) of strongyles under different temperatures and soil types commonly found in Malaysia. Faecal samples from five adult horses aged between 22-24 years that were kept under a semi-intensive management system and had no history of recent anthelmintic treatment for the past six months and did faecal culture at various controlled temperatures: 21 ± 1°C, 26 ± 1°C, 29 ± 1°C and 32 ± 1°C, and soil type (peat, clay, residual and sandy). The presence of strongyle eggs was identified using faecal floatation, while larval development was monitored daily for 30 consecutive days using the Baermann technique and light microscopy. The time required for development from egg to L3 was shortest at 29°C-32°C (5-6 days) and longest at 21°C-26°C (8-9 days). Peat soil supported the highest survivability (up to 68%) compared to sandy and clay soils, which had the lowest survivability (50% and 41%, respectively). This study highlights the role of tropical soil environments in larval survival. It offers insights into improved parasite control strategies, suggesting future investigations using field trials to explore the role of faecal moisture and microbial interactions in L3 persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 3","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Methomyl and Salinity on the Freshwater Snail <i>Physa venustula</i>: Egestion, Movement, and Hydration Index.","authors":"Daniel Elias, Jose Iannacone, Jason Doll, Janina Coripuna, Isabel Gonzalez, Alejandra I Herrera, Salvador Inzua, Isbeth I Luyo, Kimberly M Ñahuin, Jaime M Saavedra, Genesis Y Salazar, Giacomo Velasco, Daniela C Vilchez, Rodrigo A Villano","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.1","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities, particularly agriculture and urbanisation often have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and their ecosystem services to varying degrees. Organic pollutants (e.g., pesticides, pharmaceuticals, Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances [PFAS]) and abiotic stressors (e.g., salinity, temperature, pH) are common stressors of freshwater habitats with expanding platforms documenting these problems or issues. This research addresses the effects of individual and combined methomyl (insecticide) and elevated salinity on movement, hydration and egestion of the snail <i>Physa venustula</i>. Snails were exposed to treatment concentrations of 100 μg/L of methomyl and 5 g/L salinity for 96 h. Results indicated a significant reduction in snail movement when exposed to salinity (74%), and in combination with methomyl (67%). In contrast, we did not observe significant effects on egestion or hydration across treatments. These findings suggest that there is an energy trade-off to maintain homeostasis from the other physiological processes. Reduced movement can alter feeding rates, predator avoidance behaviour leading to changes in ecosystem structure and function. This research can provide critical insight into how short-term exposure to multiple stressors affects freshwater invertebrates and suggest <i>P. venustula</i> may be useful for early detection of water quality changes, especially in regions where chemical monitoring is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 3","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-Physiological Responses of Selected Vegetables in Hydroponic and Soil-Based Systems Under Climatic Stress.","authors":"Syeda Zoia Ali Zaidi, Shaheen Begum, Mehwish Jamil Noor, Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry, Shahbaz Khan, Muhammad Adnan","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.8","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An extreme climatic change due to anthropogenic activities causes disruptions in ecosystems and threatens the planet's overall balance. Hydroponic is smart and sustainable agriculture practice that aims to produce two times more yield than traditional practices. To investigate the efficiency of hydroponics technique, the morpho-physiological responses of selected vegetable species were analysed. Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.), Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i>), Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>), Green Chili (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) and Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) were selected for the experiment. Soil nutrients analysis and hydroponics nutrients uptake analysis were also carried out side by side using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Titration method. In hydroponic water analysis, it was found that 42% of supplied Cl- had been taken up by the plants whereas 79% of all supplied Zinc and Iron had been taken up by the plants. The uptake percentages of other anions and cations ranged between 45% to 62%. Morpho-physiological responses of Lettuce and Tomato in soil-based and hydroponic experiments were almost similar. Whereas, hydroponically grown Okra, Green Chili and Eggplant showed maximum height, roots length, number of leaves and weight. Overall findings showed that hydroponic system was more efficient in terms of crops yield, water usage and environmental contamination. Thus, it is recommended to increase the duration of experiment in future to further verify the climatic change effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 3","pages":"157-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in German Cockroach (<i>Blatella germanica</i> L.) Worldwide: A Literature Review.","authors":"Resti Rahayu, Intan Ahmad, Muhammad Zai Halifiah Sinaga, Risa Ukhti Muslima, Robby Jannatan","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.15","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>German cockroaches (<i>Blattella germanica</i> L.) are major residential pests, with reports of insecticide resistance emerging from numerous regions worldwide. This study aims to investigate the global distribution of insecticide resistance in German cockroaches, explore the underlying resistance mechanisms, identify the specific insecticides that have shown reduced efficacy and examine how resistance has developed globally. A literature review was conducted, collecting relevant publications from journal databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library and Oxford Academic Journal up to the year 2024. The keywords used in the search included \"resistance,\" \"insecticide,\" \"Blattella germanica\" and \"German cockroach.\" The review included studies that provided data from field strains using contact-based assays. In total, 102 studies on resistance spanning 23 countries across four continents were identified. Resistance has been reported against 60 different insecticidal active ingredients, primarily from the pyrethroid and organophosphate classes, with varying degrees of resistance noted. Very high levels of resistance (RR > 100) were mostly recorded for pyrethroids. The predominant resistance mechanism observed involved metabolic mechanisms, particularly the increased activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by esterases and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Target-site mechanisms were also reported, including knockdown resistance (kdr) (L993F) and resistance to dieldrin (Rdl) (A302S). The combined mechanisms of resistance result in broad-spectrum resistance and potential cross-resistance. This review highlights the critical need for ongoing surveillance of insecticide resistance in German cockroaches and emphasises the urgency of developing more effective pest management strategies to address the escalating challenge of resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 3","pages":"289-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cyanide and Crude Protein Content in Host Plants on Yields and Residual Cyanide Content in Eri Silkworms (<i>Samia ricini</i> D.).","authors":"Duanpen Wongsorn, Arrisa Chueakhokkruad, Jurarat Pinwiset, Nittaya Pitiwittayakul, Benya Saenmahayak","doi":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.11","DOIUrl":"10.21315/tlsr2025.36.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research investigated the impact of cyanide and crude protein content in host plants on feed consumption, survival rate, yield and residual cyanide content in eri silkworms. The study utilised castor leaves from a native variety and cassava leaves from five varieties-Rayong 11, Rayong 72, Huai Bong 60, Kasetsart 50 and CMR43-08-89-which exhibited varying cyanide contents (53.66 mg/kg to 365.22 mg/kg fresh weight) and crude protein contents (17.52% to 26.04% dry matter). Eri silkworms were reared under controlled laboratory conditions (25ºC-32ºC and 65-75 %R.H.) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The survival rate of eri silkworms ranged from 80.00% to 94.66% and did not differ significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) among the different host plant treatments. However, castor leaves were the most consumed (20.8756 g/larva), resulting in higher cocoon weight (2.5990 g), pupa weight (2.2842 g) and fecundity (435.63 eggs/female moth) compared to cassava leaves (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Eri silkworms reared on Rayong 72 leaves had the lowest cocoon weight, pupa weight, shell weight and fecundity. Cyanide content analysis in eri silkworms at the late fifth instar larvae stage showed no significant difference (5.71 mg/kg to 6.33 mg/kg fresh weight, <i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the highest cyanide content was observed in pupae fed Rayong 72 leaves (14.92 mg/kg fresh weight), which significantly differed from other host plants (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). In summary, cyanide and crude protein content in host plant leaves influenced the feed consumption, yield and cyanide residue in eri silkworms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23477,"journal":{"name":"Tropical life sciences research","volume":"36 3","pages":"217-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}