Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2504754
{"title":"Statement of Retraction: The protective effects of apelin-13 in HIV-1 tat- induced macrophage infiltration and BBB impairment. Tissue Barriers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2504754","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2504754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2504754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tissue microRNA dynamics in sinonasal inverted papilloma: implications for pathology and therapy.","authors":"Giovanna Lucia Piazzetta, Nadia Lobello, Corrado Pelaia, Mariaimmacolata Preianò, Nicola Lombardo, Emanuela Chiarella","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2502709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2025.2502709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a benign epithelial neoplasm of the Schneiderian membrane, known for its locally aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and potential for malignant transformation into sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Emerging evidence emphasizes the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical management of SNIP. These small non-coding RNAs regulate key cellular pathways, particularly the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis, which governs tumor growth, apoptosis resistance, and chemoresistance. Among the miRNAs studied, <i>miR-296-3p</i>, <i>miR-214-3p</i>, and the <i>miR-449 cluster</i> show significant dysregulation. miR-296-3p is upregulated in SNSCC, promoting oncogenesis by inhibiting PTEN and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conversely, <i>miR-214-3p</i> is downregulated in SNIP and correlates with advanced disease and increased recurrence, identifying it as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. The <i>miR-449 cluster</i>, with known tumor-suppressive properties, is progressively downregulated during malignant transformation, highlighting its role in maintaining epithelial structure. Despite their promise, clinical application of miRNA-based diagnostics and therapies faces challenges such as delivery optimization, specificity, and off-target effects. Nonetheless, the noninvasive detection of circulating miRNAs in bodily fluids offers a compelling approach for future diagnostic tools and patient monitoring. This review highlights the transformative potential of miRNA research in advancing SNIP diagnosis and treatment. By integrating molecular insights into clinical practice, miRNA-based strategies could pave the way for more personalized interventions, ultimately reducing recurrence rates and preventing malignant transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2502709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2499752
Fangfang Fan, Ruihan Guo, Kun Pan, Hongye Xu, Xiaoqin Chu
{"title":"Mucus and mucin: changes in the mucus barrier in disease states.","authors":"Fangfang Fan, Ruihan Guo, Kun Pan, Hongye Xu, Xiaoqin Chu","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2499752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2025.2499752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review we discuss mucus, the viscoelastic secretion from goblet or mucous producing cells that covers and protects all non-keratinized wet epithelial surfaces. In addition to the surface of organs directly contacting with the external environment such as the eyes, this layer provides protection to the underlying gastrointestinal, respiratory and female reproductive tracts by trapping pathogens, irritants, environmental fine particles and potentially harmful foreign substances. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus, form structurally different mucus layers at different sites in a process regulated by a variety of factors. Currently, more and more studies have shown that the mucus barrier is not only closely related to various intestinal mucus diseases, but also involved in the occurrence and development of various airway diseases and mucus-related diseases, thus it may become a new target for the treatment of various related diseases in the future. Since the dysfunction of the mucous layer is closely related to various pathological processes, in-depth understanding of its molecular mechanism and physiological role is of great theoretical and practical significance for disease prevention and treatment. Here, we discuss different aspects of the mucus layer by focusing on its chemical composition, synthetic pathways, and some of the characteristics of the mucus layer in physiological and pathological situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2499752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2497101
Aline L Takejima, Rossana B Simeoni, Milka L Takejima, Angela G Lemke, Seigo Nagashima, Anna C F Silva, Julio C Francisco, Ricardo A Pinho, Lúcia de Noronha, Luiz C Guarita-Souza
{"title":"The effects of decellularized amniotic membrane and Wharton's jelly on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats.","authors":"Aline L Takejima, Rossana B Simeoni, Milka L Takejima, Angela G Lemke, Seigo Nagashima, Anna C F Silva, Julio C Francisco, Ricardo A Pinho, Lúcia de Noronha, Luiz C Guarita-Souza","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2497101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2025.2497101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have focused on novel therapeutic strategies for extensive skin lesions aiming to improve healing quality and reduce treatment duration. In this context, the use of amniotic membrane (AM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) emerges as promising alternatives. Full-thickness dorsal skin wounds were created in 21 Wistar rats, randomly divided into three groups: control (C), AM - covered by AM and WJ - covered by WJ. Wound contraction rate was measured weekly. On day 28, histochemical (Picrosirius red) and immunohistochemical analyses matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed. On day seven, wound contraction rate was higher in the AM group (38.8%), followed by the WJ (27.4%) and control (26.5%) with statistically significance. During the first 14 days, the AM group maintained the highest contraction rate, followed by the control and WJ groups. However, by day 21, wound contraction rates increased in the order of WJ to AM to control groups (85.6%, 87.0%, and 91.1%) with statistically significance. Type I collagen predominated across all groups, without statistically significant differences among them. TGF-β expression significantly increased from WJ to AM to control groups (19.75%, 26.00%, and 36.56%) with statistically significance. MMP-9 and α-SMA expressions decreased from control to WJ to AM groups, but no significant differences were observed. Both AM and WJ enhanced early wound contraction and may support skin repair by attenuating fibrotic signaling. These findings highlight the potential of AM and WJ as biomaterials for promoting tissue regeneration at epithelial barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2497101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2491911
Nafesa Ashraf Mahmoud Khashaba, Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Rehab Ahmed Rifaai, Nada Amgad Mohamed Abdel Majeed
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of selenium nanoparticles versus selenium on experimentally induced diabetic retinopathy via modulation of TLR4 / NF-<sub>k</sub>B P65 / VEGF / connexin 43 signaling.","authors":"Nafesa Ashraf Mahmoud Khashaba, Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Rehab Ahmed Rifaai, Nada Amgad Mohamed Abdel Majeed","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2491911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2025.2491911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy is the most prevalent microvascular consequences of diabetes mellitus that can result in vision loss. Nanotechnology has been widely used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Selenium is a naturally occurring compound that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed at comparing the possible ameliorating effect of selenium versus Nano-selenium on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in rats. Sixty adult male albino-Wister rats were divided randomly into six groups; control, Selenium+ve, Nanoselenium+ve, diabetic, DR-Se treated group, and DR-NS treated group. Animals were anesthetized and sacrificed at the end of study. Eyes were removed and prepared for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical studies. The results showed that the diabetic group had an apparent decrease in retinal thickness, loss of photoreceptors, dilated congested blood vessels in retinal layers. Additionally, a significant increase in malondialdehyde and significant decrease in Total Antioxidant Capacity were detected. Significant increase in surface area fraction of vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factor kappa B, Glial fibrillary acidic protein immune stained cells were noticed, and significant decrease in connexin 43 expression was also detected. Improvement in all mentioned parameters in DR-Se and DR-NS groups was noticed. Our study suggested that Selenium, whether in its regular or nano form, holds promise for alleviating diabetic retinopathy in rats on biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2491911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lanreotide protects against LPS-induced inflammation in endothelial cells and mouse lungs.","authors":"Md Matiur Rahman Sarker, Saikat Fakir, Khadeja-Tul Kubra, Madan Sigdel, Agnieszka Siejka, Henryk Stepien, Nektarios Barabutis","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2493968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2493968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Somatostatin is expressed in various tissues - including the hypothalamus - and strongly suppresses Growth Hormone levels to maintain homeostasis. Synthetic somatostatin analogs are currently used in clinics to treat neuroendocrine tumors and acromegaly. An emerging body of evidence suggests that those synthetic peptides exert anti-inflammatory activities. The present study examines the effect of Lanreotide (LAN) on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered injury in endothelial cells and mice. Our findings indicate that LAN effectively mitigates LPS-induced endothelial hyperpermeability, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC-5a). A murine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury was also utilized, to examine the effects of LAN in lung edema and inflammation. Our observations suggest that LAN suppresses LPS-induced myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), Cofilin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), STAT1, STAT3, P38 activation; and lung edema. In conclusion, and based on the aforementioned observations, it is suggested that LAN counteracts experimental LPS-induced injury in endothelial cells and mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2493968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2487716
Landon B Gibbins, Dorrian G Cohen, Rebecca A Wingert
{"title":"E2, Brute? Unveiling an unexpected role of estrogen signaling in nephrogenesis during embryonic zebrafish kidney development.","authors":"Landon B Gibbins, Dorrian G Cohen, Rebecca A Wingert","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2487716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2025.2487716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent years have heralded many exciting advancements in our knowledge about kidney development. In particular, there has been tremendous progress in identifying genes and signaling pathways that pattern renal functional units - a process known as nephron segmentation. An intriguing potential regulator of this process, 17β-estradiol (E2), was implicated previously by a high-throughput screen that examined the effects of known bioactive molecules on nephrogenesis. Now, a detailed study has shown that exogenous E2 or exposure to several xenoestrogens has significant effects on nephron distal tubule establishment during development of the zebrafish pronephros, or embryonic kidney. Attenuation of estrogen receptor 2b (Esr2b) activity by pharmacological antagonism or genetic knockdown revealed that E2/Esr2b signaling is necessary for normal distal segment pattern by regulating the expression of Iroquois transcription factors. These findings demonstrate that estrogen signaling influences renal stem cell development during the process of vertebrate nephron segmentation and may have important ramifications for understanding congenital birth defects and kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2487716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2482277
Yasutada Akiba, Shin Nishii, Akinori Mizoguchi, Suguru Ito, Jonathan D Kaunitz
{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide transport during long-chain fatty acid exposure is mediated by caveolin-1 dependent endocytosis in murine jejunum.","authors":"Yasutada Akiba, Shin Nishii, Akinori Mizoguchi, Suguru Ito, Jonathan D Kaunitz","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2482277","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2482277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The entry of bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the intestinal lumen to the circulation induces low-grade systemic inflammation. We have found that LPS is transcellularly transported to the portal vein during luminal long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) exposure via CD36- and lipid raft-mediated pathways in rat jejunum, consistent with the involvement of caveolae-mediated endocytosis. We thus examined LPS transport in wild-type (WT) and caveolin-1 (Cav1) knockout (KO) murine jejunum. FITC-LPS was added to the mucosal bath of Ussing chambered muscle-stripped jejunal mucosa of WT and Cav1KO mice. Serosal appearance of FITC-LPS was measured with or without luminal application of oleic acid (OA, 10 mM) with taurocholic acid (TCA, 0.1 mM), or medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) sodium caprate (C10, 30 mM). Luminal application of OA/TCA increased FITC-LPS m-to-s transport in WT jejunum, inhibited by the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate or lipid raft inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin, though not by the clathrin inhibitor chlorpromazine or Pitstop2, suggesting that LCFA-induced LPS transport is mediated by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, OA/TCA-induced FITC-LPS transport was abolished in Cav1KO jejunum. Nevertheless, luminal C10 increased FITC-LPS transport in both WT and Cav1KO jejuna without transepithelial electrical resistance changes. Chlorpromazine and Pitstop2 inhibited C10-induced FITC-LPS transport, suggesting that C10 enhances transcellular LPS transport via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the jejunum. These results suggest that LPS transport during LCFA exposure is mediated by Cav1-mediated endocytosis, whereas MCFA-induced LPS transport is via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Modulation of epithelial endocytosis may be a new therapeutic target for the prevention of dietary lipid -associated endotoxemia, including the metabolic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2482277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2478349
Rianne M Schoon, Werner J van der Meer, Anne-Marieke D van Stalborch, Jaap D van Buul, Stephan Huveneers
{"title":"VE-cadherin RGD motifs are dispensable for cell-cell junctions, endothelial barrier function and monocyte extravasation.","authors":"Rianne M Schoon, Werner J van der Meer, Anne-Marieke D van Stalborch, Jaap D van Buul, Stephan Huveneers","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2478349","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2478349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>VE-cadherin is a key transmembrane protein involved in endothelial cell-cell junctions, playing a crucial role in maintaining vascular integrity and regulating selective leukocyte extravasation into inflamed tissue. The extracellular domain of human VE-cadherin contains two arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motifs, which are known integrin-binding sites within extracellular matrix proteins, particularly for integrins of the β1, β3, and β5 families. In this study, we examined the functional relevance of these RGD motifs by generating VE-cadherin variants in which the RGD sequences were mutated to nonfunctional RGE. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the VE-cadherin [D238E], VE-cadherin [D301E], and double-mutant VE-cadherin [D238/301E] variants formed stable endothelial cell-cell junctions that were comparable to junctions based on wild-type VE-cadherin. Additionally, electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) confirmed that endothelial cells expressing each VE-cadherin RGD>RGE variant maintained efficient barrier function capacity. Moreover, monocyte transmigration assays demonstrated that the RGD>RGE mutations did not affect monocyte-endothelial interactions during transmigration. In summary, our findings indicate that the VE-cadherin RGD motifs are not essential for endothelial junction formation or monocyte transmigration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2478349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2025.2470482
Saiprasad Gowrikumar, Aria Tarudji, Brandon Z McDonald, Sai Sindhura Balusa, Forrest M Kievit, Punita Dhawan
{"title":"Claudin-1 impairs blood-brain barrier by downregulating endothelial junctional proteins in traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Saiprasad Gowrikumar, Aria Tarudji, Brandon Z McDonald, Sai Sindhura Balusa, Forrest M Kievit, Punita Dhawan","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2025.2470482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2025.2470482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in patients. Brain microvasculature endothelial cells form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which functions to maintain a protective barrier for the brain from the passive entry of systemic solutes. As a result of the cellular disruption caused by TBI, the BBB is compromised. Tight junction disruption in the endothelium of the BBB has been implicated in this response, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. We utilized various <i>in vivo</i> models of severe to mild TBI as well as <i>in vitro</i> exposure of brain endothelial cells (bEND.3) to analyze conditions encountered following TBI to gain mechanistic insight into alterations observed at the BBB. We found that claudin-1 (CLDN1), was significantly increased in the brain endothelium both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. The observed increase of CLDN1 expression correlated with down-regulation of claudin-5 (CLDN5), occludin (OCLN), and zonula occludens (ZO-1), thereby altering BBB integrity by decreasing TEER and increasing permeability. Knockdown of CLDN1 in these pathogenic conditions showed stability of the endothelial junctional proteins. A decline in the epigenetic regulator silent information regulator family protein 1 (SIRT1), a member of the NAD+ dependent protein deacetylases, coincided with this upregulation of CLDN1. Indeed, the quenching of oxidative stress through NAC treatment was able to reduce injury-induced upregulation of CLDN1 <i>in vitro</i>. Mechanistically, an SRC-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of OCLN and ZO-1 in CLDN1-modulated conditions was observed. Our findings will provide new insights into BBB deregulation and new possible treatment opportunities for TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":" ","pages":"2470482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}