Pan African Journal of Life Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Malaria Prevalence and Treatment Seeking Behaviour of Campus Students in Mkpat Enin, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"L. E. Udofia, F. Uyanga, Eunice B. Ogunkelu","doi":"10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria is still thriving despite efforts to eradicate the disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and treatment-seeking behaviour among university students in Ikot Akpaden campus of Akwa Ibom State University Methods: A cross-sectional study on 700 undergraduate students randomly selected was carried out between July to December 2017 in Akwa Ibom State University. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect data. Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) were done to determine parasitaemia for students who voluntarily consented to be tested. Chi-square test at P< 0.05 was used to evaluate the prevalence of malaria and the differences in the student’s attitude on malaria treatment and prevention practices. Results: Of the 500 students who filled the questionnaire, 100 students consented to undergo the test, 56 (56%) were males, while 44 (44%) were females. Only15 students (17.86%) were positive for both microscopy and RDT. Malaria prevalence by microscopy (84%) was significantly higher than RDT (27%). Fever and head-ache were the most common symptoms recorded. RDT had a sensitivity of 17.86%, a specificity of 25%, a positive predictive value of 55.56%, and a negative predictive value of 5.48%. Conclusion: This study revealed a higher prevalence of malaria by microscopy than RDT among the students, indicating that the use of RDTs is limited. RDTS may have more usefulness in remote areas, but microscopy remains the reference technique. Overall, 96.2% knew about malaria while 85.3% knew mosquito bites cause malaria. The majority, 69.2%, of participants go for malaria test as the first action when malaria is suspected, 83% use antimalarial combination therapy medication, and 62.6% sought treatment of malaria immediately.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121773856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis and its Implication on Control Efforts Among School Pupils in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"S. Alexander, T. S. Nwafor, Pam V. Gyang, Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu, O. Akinwale","doi":"10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0350","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schistosomiasis causes anaemia, stunting, and cognitive impairment in children, which impairs school performance. Government coordinated school-based preventive chemotherapy with donated praziquantel has been primarily used for schistosomiasis control in Ogun State, necessitating the need to monitor treatment coverage and its effect on schistosomiasis burden. Methods: We screened 422 pupils aged 1-14 years old for Schistosoma haematobium in June 2018 using the filtration technique. KAP data and socio-demographic characteristics of participants were also recorded. Results: Out of 422 screened pupils, 59 (14%) tested positive using the filtration method. Peak prevalence (31.6%) occurred in pupils under five years. Heavy infection intensity occurred in 3.4% of the infected population. KAP studies revealed that 55% knew schistosomiasis was linked to urinating blood. Symptoms experienced main-ly were diarrhoea (44.6%), stomach ache (29.7 %), and fever (13.5 %). Pipe-borne water (48.2%), well water (28.7%), and stream water (23.1%) were the major sources of water for household chores. Investigations on excreta disposal showed that 70.3% defecated in latrines, 17.3% in the bush, and 12.4% in water closets. About 54.7% had contact with a stream, while 74.2% were dewormed in the last six months. Conclusion: Children below five years old should be included in the Ogun State’s Ministry of Health’s treatment efforts. Health education should be intensified in the study areas because the population visiting streams and openly defaecating will continue undermining the Ogun State Ministry of Health’s treatment efforts. Our study will serve as an evidence base for refining control measures and effectively utilising already scarce resources.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124561429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Inguinal Hernia: Two Case Reports and Literature Review","authors":"J. Olaogun, J. Ige, I. Kadiri, Obafemi K Wuraola","doi":"10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0370","url":null,"abstract":"Giant inguinal hernia is a rare entity in developed world but are still occasionally encountered among rural dwellers in developing countries mostly as a result of ignorance, believe in alternate therapy and fear of surgery. Its management is very challenging and requires adequate preoperative preparation. We present two patients with giant inguinal herniae, one of which was left sided Amyand’s her-nia, who successfully had mesh hernioplasty in our center.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129639236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Bioactivity of Andrographis paniculata (Nees)","authors":"A. O. Owoade","doi":"10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0220","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants are natural sources of antioxidants effective in the treatment of radical mediated diseases. This study evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant and phytochemical constituents of the methanolic leaves extract of Andrographis paniculata .\u0000Methods: Fresh A. paniculata leaves were harvested from a local far m, air -dried and extracted with methanol. Chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory potentials of the extract were determined\u0000Results: The extract of A. paniculata concentration-dependently scavenges 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acids) (ABTS) radicals. It scavenges nitric oxide radicals with IC50 of 145.99 μg/ml compared to 167.17 μg/ml of standard ascorbic acid and has 41% activity of standard ascorbic acid ferric reducing power. The extract also inhibited the induction of lipid peroxidation and α-Amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The phytochemical assays employed revealed the presence of various phytochemicals in the extract. Further analysis with gas-chromatography revealed the possible presence of Andrographolide, Deoxyandrographolide, Apigenin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Methyl vanillate, Methyl Caffeate, Beta-sitosterol, Vanillic acid in the extract. The total phenolics content was found to be 29.11mg GAE/g, and proximate analysis revealed the moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, and Nitrogen free extract to be 21.89%, 5.66%, 8.74%, 0.95%, 6.87%, and 55.89% respectively.\u0000Conclusion: The plant A. paniculata demonstrated good antioxidant potentials and contain various phytochemicals. Therefore, it could be inferred that the effectiveness of A. paniculata as a medicinal plant could be due to the presence of various phenolics and antioxidant compounds in the plant.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134608401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Length-weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Parachanna Obscura Gunther 1861 in Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"O. C. Bakare","doi":"10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study of the length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor (K) are critical in fisheries research and management. However, there is currently a dearth of information on the growth pattern and state of health of Parachanna obscura in Epe lagoon\u0000Methods: A total of 252 species of P. obscura ranging from 19.50 to 36.70 cm (standard length = 28.22 ± 4.95 cm) and 58.80 to 331.00 g (total weight = 267.69 ± 72.16 g) were obtained from the catches of local fishermen at the chief market fish landing station monthly for six months (January – June, 2018) at Epe lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Standard Length (SL) and Body Weight (BW) were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g using digital Vernier calliper and electronic precision balance, respectively. Length-Weight Relationships and condition factor (K) were calculated using standard formula. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05.\u0000Results: The LWRs for males, females and combined sexes were 2.60, 2.70, and 2.65, respectively, indicating a negative allometric growth pattern. The mean K value in females (1.36±0.70) was higher than in males (1.18±0.48).\u0000Conclusion: The findings indicated that Parachanna obscura in Epe lagoon, Nigeria were heavy and in good health within the study period","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127478092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lantana camara: Phyto-constituents and Antimicrobial Activity Study","authors":"S. Oladoye","doi":"10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0270","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of resistance by pathogenic organisms has caused renewed interest in medicinal plants as alternative antimicrobial agents in treating diseases and infections. Lantana camara is an evergreen shrub commonly found in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, different parts of the plant have been used traditionally in the treatment of fever, diarrheal, scabies, cold, skin infections etc. This study therefore, seeks to investigate the phytochemical composition and potential of Lantana camara extracts as an alternative antimicrobial agents.\u0000Methods: According to standard methods in this study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Lantana camara leaves extracts was done. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract were evaluated against gram-positive and negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi) and fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspegillus fumigatus, Fusarium poae, and Fusarium solani) using well-diffusion and mycelia inhibition method, respectively.\u0000Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids, with tannins (70.454 ± 0.002 mg/g) found to be abundant in ethanolic extract. The extracts displayed moderate to high inhibitory activities on the tested strains with E.coli and A. flavus highly inhibited by the extracts.\u0000Conclusion: The present study clearly showed that the crude extracts are rich in diverse phytochemicals and are potential sources of antimicrobial principles that could be used in the management of diseases and infections.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131313431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of T3SS, oprI, aprA, and pvdA Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from Wound Samples","authors":"F. Adeyemi, R. R. Adeboye, A. A. Adebunmi, Nana-Aishat Yusuf, A. Wahab","doi":"10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0140)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0140)","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs a varied number o f virulence determinants, predominantly porins, type III secretion system (T3SS), alkaline protease and pigments to manipulate\u0000the host to establish infections. These factors contribute significantly to virulence in P. aeruginosa\u0000and are worrisome. This study is aimed at identifying the virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates from wound swabs of patients at two tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria.\u0000Methods: Altogether , 237 participants consisting of 133 fr o m State Hospital, Osogbo and 104 from General Hospital, Iwo with different types of wounds were enrolled. Swabs from the various wound types were collected, grown on cetrimide agar, and recovered isolates identified using conventional biochemical tests. Chromosomal DNA was extracted by thermal lysis and subjected to polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to affirm biochemical identification and detect the presence of ExoT, ExoS, ExoU, ExoY, oprI, aprA, and pvdA genes.\u0000Results: Sixty-one (25.7%) P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered in the study. Based on the different\u0000wound types, the highest recovery was from surgical sites of caesarian sections (CS) (37.7%; 23/61) followed by trauma sustained from motorcycle and automobile accidents (36.1%; 22/61) and others wound types (26.2%; 16/71). Fifty-nine of the 61 recovered isolates were successfully amplified by PCR primers that targets P. aeruginosa parugin gene. Of these 59 PCR confirmed P. aeruginosa, the oprI gene was detected in 74.6% (n = 44/59) of isolates ; 18 from Osogbo and 26 from Iwo. No bands were detected for the other genes in all 59 isolates analysed.\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of P. aeruginosa w as highest from surgical sites of caesarian sections, with the rates from Iwo higher than that from Osogbo. Detection of oprL gene in 74.6% of strains is significant as it’s interaction with the peptidoglycan plays a part in the maintenance of the structural integrity of the cell, and may cause infections that impair wound healing.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126456499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception, Practices and Preparedness in Nigeria","authors":"G. Olasehinde, P. Akinduti, O. Akinnola, A. Ipadeola, Glory P. Adebayo","doi":"10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0160)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0160)","url":null,"abstract":"Since Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 30th of January, 2020. Nigeria, with 343 cases and 10 deaths as at April 14, 2020 is classified as one of the countries at high risk of importation of the disease from China. The ability to limit and control local transmission after importation depends on the application and execution of strict measures of detection, prevention and control. The initial response of some percentage of the population was of doubt due to the ignorance of the far-reaching effect of the virus. More than 1,700 leaders of religious groups and communities in all 36 States and FCT were therefore sensitized to increase awareness level and consequences of COVID-19 among the populace. Major response activities were initiated before the first case was reported and were upgraded within weeks after the number of cases began to rise. Based on previous experience of perception, and awareness of other viral disease outbreaks, COVID-19 infection prevention and control interventions recommended by WHO are yet to be fully entrenched in the Nigerian public health system in order to reduce the general risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 from infected individuals. There is therefore the need to execute strict measures of detection, prevention and control and drive compliance with the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and WHO guidelines in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121722472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Members of the Anopheles Gamibiae s.l. In Oyo State, South West Nigeria","authors":"A. Adeogun, K. Popoola, A. Olakiigbe, S. Awolola","doi":"10.36108/pajols/9102/30(0140)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/9102/30(0140)","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. remain the most efficient vectors of malaria parasite in Africa. However, for timely and effective vector control activities, the distribution of these important vectors in local communities is crucial. We therefore determine the distribution of the members of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Oyo State, Nigeria\u0000Methods: Larval stages of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from identified mosquito breeding sites in six localities (Oluyole, Eruwa, Oyo, Ojoo, Bodija, and Ogbomoso) in Oyo State and reared to adults. Three to five days old adult emergence were identified morphologically using standard methods. A total of 100 mosquitoes were selected from each of localities for molecular analysis. DNA were extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR-ID) followed by restriction endonucleases digestion was used for molecular identification.\u0000Results: A total of 58 larval breeding sites were sampled out of which 12 (20.7%) had Anophelines only, 21 (36.2%) contained Culicines only and the remaining 25 (43.1%) had both Anophelines and Culicines. The mosquitoes were mostly found in footprints, followed by tire tracks, pools, puddle and ponds. The habitat type distribution for Anopheline and Culicines were not different (χ2=5.25, DF=5, P>0.01). A total of 1,725 Anophelines emerged from the collection out of which, 823 were females. All the female samples were morphologically identified as members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l.. A total of 600 (72.9%) of the female Anopheline population was subjected to PCR. PCR-ID showed that the mosquito populations contained higher numbers of Anopheles arabiensis (58%) than Anopheles gambiae s.s. (42%). Enzyme digest indicate that samples from Oluyole, Iwo road and Bodija were man-ly the M form (now called An. coluzzii), while both M (An. colizzii) and S (An. gambiae) form occur in sympatry in Oyo town and Eruwa.\u0000Conclusion: This study presents information on the distribution of Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae in Oyo State. This has implication on the vector control activities in the State as members of these Anopheles mosquitoes exhibit varying feeding behaviours, transmission pattern and resistance profiles. Such information is useful in planning vector control activities for the State","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129820272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Evaluation of Some Automated Teller Machine In Akure Metropolis","authors":"I. Simon-Oke","doi":"10.36108/pajols/9102/30(0180)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/pajols/9102/30(0180)","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) represent a good transient environment for development of pathogenic microbes. Investigation on the level of bacterial contaminants on keypads of ATMs was carried out in Akure, Nigeria.\u0000Methods: A total of sixty ATMs keypads were sampled in two major locations (main market and Federal University of Technology, campus) in Akure. Samples were collected from key-pad and screen parts of the ATM devices with sterile swab sticks and was cultured immediately on Nutrient agar, Manitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar mediums for Microbial examination. Standard bacteriological methods were employed in the analysis of the sample. Presumptive identification of bacterial isolates was by cellular morphology, Gram staining reaction, motility, catalase, coagulase test, oxidase strip test and MICROBACT Biochemical Identification system was used to identify the species of the oxidase negative Gram negative bacteria.\u0000Results: Out of 30 ATMs keypads examined in the two locations, 28 and 22 yeilded bacteria growth in Akure main Market and FUTA Campus respectively. The organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. All the bacterial isolates showed high resistance to Ampicillin but low resistance to Ciprofloxacin.\u0000Conclusion: The study confirmed the presence of pathogenic bacteria species on ATM key-pads with possible health implications in Akure, Nigeria. Daily and regular cleaning regimen of the key-pads with sanitizers, and public enlightenment on the hygienic usage of the keypads is necessary to reduce health risks to the users.","PeriodicalId":234626,"journal":{"name":"Pan African Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123192595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}