Muma Business Review最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Theory That Explains Why Funders of Reward-Based Crowdfunding Campaigns Cancel or Decrease Previously Made Pledges","authors":"matthew grace","doi":"10.28945/5200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/5200","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdfunding research has primarily been composed of attempts to identify crowdfunding performance and success factors. A research gap exists concerning funder motivations and behaviors as well as the dynamics that occur with pledge changes during crowdfunding campaigns. Therefore, understanding funder motivations and pledging behaviors during reward-based crowdfunding campaigns was the focus of this inquiry. Using a grounded theory design, I conducted 18 individual semi-structured interviews with funders to understand why they canceled or decreased their already-made pledges to reward-based crowdfunding campaigns. A constant-comparative analysis of the interviews yielded a novel theory describing the factors that motivate and deter funders as well as the contexts in which they occur. The identified funder motivations are reward hunting, financial hardship, purchase later, cost, risk, competition in category, ethical concerns, satisfy others, and goal proximity. Deterrents include rarity and fear of missing out, impact, small company size, trust, and investment. An analysis of these motivations and deterrents in light of recognized crowdfunding success factors is shared, and implications for future reward-based crowdfunding research into funder motivations, behavior, and campaign dynamics are presented. Lastly, I present design principles that fundraisers can use to design and conduct their campaigns in a manner likely to decrease the number of funders canceling and decreasing their pledges while maintaining a plan likely to lead to campaign success or increased performance.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Leadership in the Military","authors":"Anthony L Hinen","doi":"10.28945/4577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4577","url":null,"abstract":"In over 40 years in the workplace, I have witnessed creativity and communication stifled because of toxic leadership. Though my experience was in the military and my research was with the military, my goal is to better understand toxic leadership to inform potential mitigation techniques that are applicable to both business and military environments. Toxic leaders tend to draw conclusions hastily without thinking about viable alternative conclusions. They tend to weave a negative story out of the facts known to them and not appreciate that there is information or facts they do not know. My research suggests toxic leadership exists because senior leaders, those leaders above the toxic leader, allow it to exist, either unwittingly or knowingly. Furthermore, non-toxic leaders can create toxic environments by their inaction or inability to make timely decisions. That inaction allows problems to develop, then fester and ultimately, creates a toxic environment. Also, non-toxic leaders can create toxic environments by not dealing with incompetent subordinates, like the senior leader who allows a toxic leader to continue to act out toxic behaviors. Incompetent subordinates generate problems that can contribute to a toxic environment due to their technical shortcomings or low EQ (emotional quotient). The most effective mitigation is confronting and reporting toxic leader behaviors when they occur.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125650593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Can Executives Take From Social Capital Theory?","authors":"M. Sayyadi","doi":"10.28945/4462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4462","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to synthesize the current literature on social capital theory in the field of management. The contribution to the management literature lies in presenting a theoretical framework that incorporates the organizational factors that may impact the three dimensions of social capital. The literature, to date, has failed to provide a comprehensive framework which incorporates all of the contextual factors that may simultaneously impact social capital. The absence of this systematic approach inhibits the development of social capital as a vital driver of business success. Exploring these organizational factors and how they may impact offers practical implications for executives and top managers to improve outcomes at the organizational level and meet their business objectives. This article also contributes to practice by identifying the ways in which to build social capital in companies. In doing this, I use Nahapiet and Goshal’s (1998) application of social capital theory as my basis for grounding this study and adding to the research.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130688313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can Complex Organizations Engage in a Successful Restructuring while Simultaneously Improving the Delivery of Products and Capabilities?","authors":"Denise A Breckon, Patty LePage, Allyson Oliver Jones, John Onyeaku, Remedious Bernadine Douglas","doi":"10.28945/4456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4456","url":null,"abstract":"A large complex government organization is planning a restructure of their organization from a hybrid matrix or competency-aligned team structure to a more dominant mission-aligned structure. This restructure has the potential to spur organizational problems from employee churn, including a decrease in employee engagement as well as detract from product delivery. The purpose of this study is to systematically gather and review evidence on employee engagement and retention during organizational restructuring initiatives. Another purpose is to define how leadership style can impact the organization’s ability to successfully restructure while also improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the ongoing products. An analysis was carried out using four rapid evidence assessments and then a combined systematic review to analyze existing scholarly literature on the research question. The organizational problem was viewed through the lens of the contingency theory, which focuses on the structure best suited to the organization, contingent on its internal and external environments. With a complex reorganization, an organization can align with their internal mission, as well as their customers in the external environment. A thematic analysis of the literature revealed several themes; job resources, leadership styles, team innovation, training, external and internal environmental factors, employee engagement, open communication, and organizational diagnosis. This study supports the notion that a successful reorganization can be implemented through the support of an effective leadership style, training, and the implementation of job resources.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Logistics Capability: Factors Impacting Technology Acceptance","authors":"D. Breckon, Ilene A. McCoy, Tiffany Strom, Donna W Jordan, Keni Galmai","doi":"10.28945/4448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4448","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Logistics Competency is implementing new technology that will transform the way that logistics analysis is performed. Implementing technology can be a challenge for organizations and especially when the technology disrupts the existing logistics processes. Some of the workforce may view the use of digital devices as frustrating and are likely to be reluctant to accept the new technology even with its enhanced benefits that improve logistics. This research uses a systematic review and thematic synthesis to identify the factors impacting a user’s perceptions of the technology and how their perceptions influence acceptance through the theoretical lens of the technology acceptance model. A user’s acceptance is influenced by their perceptions of the complexity and usability of the technology, leadership’s demonstrated support of the technology, and self-perceptions of self-efficacy and trust. Managers should introduce the technology with a positive attitude, choose early adopters to influence peers, and provide tailored training according to the user’s comfort and perceptions to increase trust and increase acceptance.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121967587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology Examination","authors":"James J. Mennie","doi":"10.28945/4410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4410","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous Vehicle (A/V) technology has been advancing at a rapid pace but the prospect of mass deployment has not been achieved. Inherent expected benefits of this technology such as reduced loss of life, productivity improvements, and greater vehicle efficiency utilization have yet to materialize. The American public’s resistance, and governmental regulation have prevented widespread adoption of this technology that while developed and continuously evolving, is still in its testing phase. Public concerns regarding safety are justified as highly publicized (Lohrmann, 2018) failures of the technology have been reported, heightening public concerns.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115119372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI Bias: How Does AI Influence The Executive Function Of Business Leaders?","authors":"Tamie Santiago","doi":"10.28945/4380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4380","url":null,"abstract":"By 2020, the AI market is expected to grow by $47 billion, with the international big data analytics industry expected to grow by $203 billion. The vast majority of AI development is conducted by a modest number of techno-giants (Twitter, IBM, Amazon, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple...). There are over 7 billion people worldwide, yet all of the code is being written by a mere 10,000 people in seven countries. Therefore, the pathway of AI algorithms is deemed compromised, by being in the hands of a few. The purpose of this study is to systematically gather and review evidence which addresses AI, its inherent biases, and its effect on the executive function, which is the brain's command post, of business leaders. \u0000\u0000The review is carried out through the chaos and complexity theory lens. The amalgamation of data and codes have seeded the evolution of barely discernible algorithms that rewrite their own code, creating their own rules, and their own truth. This phenomenon rapidly detaches AI algorithms from human control. While AI algorithms remain unregulated and uncontested, leaders are overwhelmed with big data and precipitously surrendering, rejecting or suppressing their own cognitive instincts regarding AI and its bias, without question. This study supports the notion that decision-making using AI must be interrogated by leaders' sound elevated executive functioning and collective judgment, using standards and laws, to mitigate bias and to ensure human leaders have the last say in decision-making.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132053810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of a Consortium to an ERP Implementation","authors":"Frederic S. Gore","doi":"10.28945/4236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4236","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are critical to managing student information and college operations, but can be challenging for colleges to implement. Consortia present a unique solution to colleges to address gaps in their expertise and skills needed to achieve a successful ERP implementation, even if that collaboration takes place with a competitor.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127442362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A grounded theory study: From barn to boardroom","authors":"R. Lord","doi":"10.28945/4401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4401","url":null,"abstract":"Change management is at the forefront of many business leader’s minds and at the center of most boardrooms. Change is inevitable yet change for many is a very hard task. The Wall Street Journal reported in 2017 that the U.S. spent $63.2 billion on consulting costs, which is an 8.1% increase from $58.7 billion in 2016 (Shumsky, 2018). Many companies pay for high-level consultants to aid around organizational change. Many business leaders do not have an expertise in that area and find it difficult to administer change within an organization. The flip side to that scenario is that once the change proposal is in place, many employees fail to comply. The purpose of this study is to uncover the underlying beliefs that could affect why people resist change. The last thing a company wishes to do is waste valuable funds on change and have very few abided. It may be possible that the resistance is related to the long-standing belief systems that are already in place. A grounded theory study was conducted on the equine industry to uncover the reasons why some people are adopting or resisting in an industry that has not seen change in hundreds of years. The equine industry is a unique study model that has virtually stood the test of time, unchanged for centuries, and still strong. The industry saw a shift in core beliefs roughly thirty years ago and this new belief system is converting adopters in ways that is creating a new lifestyle. By uncovering the elements of those who resist or adopt, this research will shed some light on the core human reaction to change. These core beliefs can be applied to any business model through a new grounded theory proposed in this research.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127989236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Export Diversification Impact Economic Growth?","authors":"Marlo B Murphy-Braynen","doi":"10.28945/4232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28945/4232","url":null,"abstract":"The paper uses a mixed method approach to conduct a literature review of existing econometric studies to determine the key drivers of export diversification and economic growth, and to examine whether export diversification propels or hinders economic growth. The paper differs fundamentally from previous studies, as it focuses on identifying the key variables used, the frequency with which they are used and their degree of significance based on econometric studies that focused on measuring export diversification, economic growth and the linkage between diversification and growth in developed and developing countries, while highlighting a key gap in this literature, namely a lack of empirical studies focused on small island states. The paper finds that eight variables were used across all studies at a frequency of 10% or greater – namely, real GDP per capita, education, population, domestic investment, market distance, openness to trade, export concentration and rule of law. Based on the literature review, the key factors which support export diversification are human capital accumulation inclusive of higher education, domestic investment, population, quality of institutions, quality of infrastructure and market access. Conversely the factors that retard export diversification or increase export concentration are economic distance (remoteness from major markets), openness to trade, and declining terms of trade, foreign direct investment, exchange rate volatility and exchange rate overvaluation. Similarly, with regards to economic growth, the literature review suggests that the key factors which promote economic growth are rule of law, investment ratio, favorable movements in the terms of trade, technology, higher education and increased international openness while the factors that inhibit economic growth are fertility rate, the ratio of government consumption to GDP, and the inflation rate. In terms of the key variables used to link export diversification to economic growth, based on the literature, the six main categories of trade integration variables include export composition, trade orientation, export structure, geographic structure and trade strategy. After having reviewed the extant literature on export diversification and its relationship to economic growth, one of the overlooked areas of research is a lack of studies examining export diversification in small island developing states, and how export diversification may or may not contribute to economic growth in those particular contexts.","PeriodicalId":234535,"journal":{"name":"Muma Business Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122923952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}