Urologia Internationalis最新文献

{"title":"Cancer Reporting Protocols in transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) - standardized reporting of bladder cancer and improvement of communication between pathologists and urologists.","authors":"Laura Gallardo Zamora, Jost Hohage, Stephan Degener, Judith Dotse, Tim Schiereck, Macarena Rey Cardenas, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Friedrich-Carl von Rundstedt, Daniel Gödde","doi":"10.1159/000548723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The College of American Pathologists (CAP) provides synoptic reporting (SR) histopathological protocols for various malignancies e.g. for bladder cancer. We investigated whether SR can enhance the quality of histopathological reporting at our institution. Specifically, we examined whether SR supports pathologists in report preparation and whether urologists of varying training levels fully understand the histopathological information in narrative reports (NR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the transcription of semantic reports into synoptic CAP protocols by pathologists and clinicians. Through retrospective evaluation, 187 NR were re-evaluated using a CAP protocol by a senior pathologist to assess reporting quality and completeness. Additionally, 50 NR were independently transcribed into synoptic protocols by a resident trainee and board-certified urologists to evaluate clinical adoption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SR demonstrated advantages in detailing specific pathological features, especially rare variants and tumor characteristics, despite high overall concordance between formats. Diagnostic accuracy improved with clinical experience, with uro-oncologist and department head outperforming the urology resident.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SR has the potential to improve the communication between pathologists and urologists and enhance the quality of care. It also increased standardization and minimized omissions, highlighting its potential to reduce or eliminate information loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Need Native Nephrectomy before Kidney Transplantation? A Single-Center Retrospective Study over 11 Years.","authors":"Ruiyu Yue, Jingcheng Lyu, Yichen Zhu, Ye Tian","doi":"10.1159/000548134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore whether patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) require native nephrectomy prior to kidney transplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 44 ADPKD patients who received deceased donor allogeneic kidney transplantation at Beijing Friendship Hospital (2013-2024) was conducted. Patients were divided into pre-transplantation nephrectomy (PN) group (n = 29) and a non-PN (nPN) group (n = 15). The pre-transplant general status, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery, and survival rates were compared between the two groups. Additionally, total kidney volume (TKV) and adjusted TKV were used to predict ultimate nephrectomy (UN) status via a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, the nPN group was subdivided to UN group (n = 8) and non-ultimate nephrectomy (nUN) group (n = 7) based on final nephrectomy status, with comparisons made regarding kidney function and survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nPN group had better long-term survival (62 vs. 38 months, p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed BSA-TKV had the highest predictive accuracy (sensitivity: 69.44%, specificity: 87.50%). Subgroup analysis indicated post-transplant nephrectomy did not impact long-term survival or kidney function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-transplant nephrectomy in ADPKD patients should be limited to essential cases as it may prolong recovery and reduce survival. Post-transplant nephrectomy is a safer alternative, guided by predictive metrics like BSA-TKV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readability of Prostate Cancer Patient Education Materials: A Comprehensive Assessment Using Readability Metrics.","authors":"Julian Risch, Konrad Hügelmann, Leonhard Buck, Hans-Christoph von Knobloch, Jakob Kohler, Reha-Baris Incesu, Marie-Luise Weiss, Philipp Nuhn, Jonas Jarczyk, Severin Rodler","doi":"10.1159/000548884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Patient education materials (PEMs) play a vital role in ensuring patients understand their medical conditions and treatment options. In prostate cancer, complex medical terminology can hamper comprehension and informed decision-making. This study evaluates the readability of prostate cancer PEMs to determine if they meet recommended standards for lay audiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A selection of standardized prostate cancer PEMs, including standard surgical consent forms and patient brochures from major German cancer organizations, was analyzed. Readability was assessed using established metrics, including the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Score (GFS), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), and Automated Readability Index (ARI). Layperson readability was defined as a FRES of 70 (at or below a seventh-grade reading level) and the other readability indexes ≤7, following European Union recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The readability of prostate cancer PEMs of both surgical consent forms and patient brochures did not meet the recommended thresholds set by the European Union for layperson summaries. The median FRES for consent forms was 25.9 (SD: 1.52), ranging from 24.3 (prostate biopsy) to 28.0 (open RPx). Patient brochures showed a median FRES of 23.2 (SD: 2.87), with scores of 23.2 (German Cancer Aid), 22.5 (DKFZ), and 28.9 (S3-Guidelines). Section-specific values varied, with the highest FRES observed in the \"Basic Explanation and Screening\" section of the S3-Guidelines (39.0, SD: 7.09) and the lowest in the \"Follow-Up\" section of the German Cancer Aid brochure (15.8, SD: 10.35). All grade-level metrics (FKGL, GFS, SMOG, CLI, ARI) exceeded the recommended level of grade 7.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The readability of prostate cancer PEMs in Germany falls short of recommended thresholds for lay comprehension. To enhance clarity and accessibility, the use of automated readability tools and standardized benchmarks (e.g., FRES ≥70, grade level ≤7) is recommended. Involving multidisciplinary teams may further support the development of patient-centered content. Future research should combine readability metrics with patient feedback to evaluate real-world comprehension and usability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effect of pelvic organ prolapse on voiding dynamics of female patients with urodynamic stress incontinence.","authors":"Bülent Çetinel, Göktuğ Kalender, Muhammet Demirbilek, Sinharib Çitgez, Günay Can","doi":"10.1159/000548733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To determine the interactive effect of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) on voiding dynamics of female patients with urodynamic stress incontinence (USUI). Free urine flow curve pattern (FUFCP) criterion was implemented to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor underactivity (DU) definitions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patient file review of 362 female patients with non-neurogenic USUI was conducted, and after exclusion criteria 178 female patients with pure USUI were eligible for the study. Patients with USUI were divided into three groups; Group 1 without (w/o) prolapse, Group 2 with mild, and Group 3 with moderate/severe prolapse. The patient characteristics, pressure flow findings, and FUFCP's were compared between three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 178 patients with a median age 55 (47-65), 61 (34.3%) did not have any prolapse, 95 (53.4%) had mild, and 22 (12.3%) had moderate/severe POP (p=0.571). No statistically significant difference was determined between pressure-flow numeric values in USUI patients with or w/o POP (p=0.104 for Qmax, and p=0.587 for PdetQmax). Ordinal logistic regression analysis results showed that smaller amount of voided volume during free urine flow (p=0.037), non-bell shaped FUFCP (p = 0.006), larger amount of post void residual urine volume (PVR) (p=0.001), and more frequent urodynamic diagnosis of BOO (p = 0.046), were the independent significant urodynamic features of the patients in Group 3. Bell shaped pattern was the most frequent pattern in Group 1 (62.3%) while this pattern was infrequent in Group 3 (18.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using the new FUFCP criterion in the present study, a marked shift from bell-shaped to prolonged/intermittent patterns with increasing POP severity was evident. Although detrusor pressure metrics changed little, patients with coexistent USUI and moderate/severe POP had more frequent urodynamic BOO, supporting the construct validity of incorporating FUFCP into the evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early versus delayed removal of catheter for Holmium Laser lithotripsy in day surgery: a prospective study.","authors":"Huadi Yuan, Zhicong Tan, Liyan Gao, Pinghua Hong, Hong He, Zhazha Lin, Hao Zhang, Wenjun Gao, Bohan Wang","doi":"10.1159/000548816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of same-day versus next-day urinary catheter removal following ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (with routine double-J stent placement) in a day surgery setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this comparative study, 191 patients undergoing day-care holmium laser lithotripsy were allocated to next-day (n=94) or same-day (n=97) extubation groups. Outcomes included catheter retention duration, post-removal complications, voiding function, and recovery parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No catheter-related adverse events occurred in either group. No significant differences were observed in first void volume, catheter reinsertion rates, post-catheter removal urination, lower abdominal distension, or urethral pain (p＞0.05). The same-day group demonstrated significantly shorter catheter retention time (p<0.001) and earlier postoperative ambulation (p<0.001). Notably, time to spontaneous voiding was prolonged in the same-day group (p=0.009), though all values remained within physiological ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Same-day catheter removal after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, even with routine double-J stent placement, safely reduces indwelling time and promotes early mobilization without increasing the risk of urinary retention or exacerbating stent-related discomfort. Theprotocol is feasible for day surgery populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Percutaneous Antegrade Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy with Tip-Bendable Suction Ureteral Access Sheath for Middle and Lower Ureteral Stones.","authors":"Zhongping Liu, Huifang Lei, Zhiwen Wang, Qiliang Zhai, Xin Huang","doi":"10.1159/000548754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous antegrade flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (PAFUL) using a tip-bendable suction ureteral access sheath (UAS) for managing middle and lower ureteral stones after failed retrograde ureteroscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 75 patients (43 males, 32 females; mean age 51.7±13.1 years) with middle (n=54) and lower (n=21) ureteral stones treated between June 2023 and May 2025. All patients underwent PAFUL with 12/14 Fr tip-bendable suction UAS after failed ureteroscopy. Outcomes included stone-free rate (SFR), operative time, complications, and hydronephrosis improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The immediate and one-month SFR was 100% (75/75). The mean operative time was 168.2±35.9 minutes, with a median postoperative hospital stay of 3 days. Four patients (5.3%) required nephrostomy tube placement. Complications (Clavien-Dindo grade I) included fever (n=2), nausea/vomiting (n=8), and pain (n=18). No grade II-V complications occurred. Postoperative hydronephrosis significantly improved (P < 0.001), with complete resolution in 68 patients (90.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAFUL with tip-bendable suction UAS is a safe and immediately effective alternative for mid-distal ureteral stones after failed retrograde treatment, achieving single-session clearance with minimal morbidity. Future studies should validate cost-effectiveness through reduced re-interventions and resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"Marta Raposo","doi":"10.1159/000548089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine and its metabolites are associated with overactive bladder: evidence from multiple statistical analysis models in NHANES.","authors":"Junle Wu, Xianwei Guo, Chao Yang, Qingxin Yang, Hongqiang Xie, Lu Fang","doi":"10.1159/000548384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To offer valuable insights into potential dietary influences on bladder health, the study investigate the relationship between urinary caffeine metabolites and Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this investigation consisted of individuals who were 20 years old or older, obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. To assess the correlation between urinary caffeine metabolites and OAB, logistic regression analyses were utilized. In addition, Quantile g-computation model (Qgcomp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to determine the combined effect of urine caffeine metabolites on OAB risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analyses of a dataset comprising 4,354 participants, 815 were diagnosed with OAB. After adjusting for various covariates, logistic regression analyses revealed the highest tertiles of caffeine metabolites and ln-transformed caffeine metabolites were negatively associated with OAB risk. Subsequent analyses using the Qgcomp demonstrated that an increase in the quartiles of caffeine metabolites mixture was associated with a decreased risk of developing OAB. The OR were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.99). Moreover, such negative correlation was primarily driven by 1,3-dimethylxanthine (1,3-DMX) and 1-methylxanthine(1-MX). The BKMR model confirmed a strong inverse link between urinary caffeine metabolites and OAB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work demonstrates a strong inverse relationship between urine caffeine metabolites and the occurrence of overactive bladder (OAB). Among these metabolites, 1,3-DMX and 1-MX have the most pronounced impact on the combined effect. These findings suggest that the way caffeine is metabolized in the body could play a crucial role in the development of OAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Role of the Naples Prognostic Score in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Hakan Tekinaslan, Osman Köse, Serkan Ozcan, Sacit Nuri Görgel, Yigit Akin","doi":"10.1159/000548383","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), with a focus on its association with tumor stage, histological subtype, and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 133 patients with TGCT treated at a single tertiary center between 2015 and 2023 were evaluated. The NPS was calculated for each patient based on pre-treatment albumin, cholesterol, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Patients were stratified into low (0-2) and high (3-4) NPS groups. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between NPS groups. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates with log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with high NPS were significantly younger on average and more likely to have non-seminomatous histology, advanced clinical stage, elevated tumor markers, and metastatic disease compared to those with low NPS (all p < 0.01). Overall survival was markedly worse in the high NPS group (p < 0.005). On multivariate analysis, NPS emerged as an independent predictor of poorer overall survival alongside clinical stage (hazard ratio for high NPS ∼ 8.4, p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NPS is a significant prognostic indicator in TGCT. A high NPS is associated with aggressive disease features and inferior survival outcomes, remaining an independent prognostic factor when controlling for stage. Incorporating NPS into clinical risk stratification may help identify TGCT patients at higher risk of treatment failure, though prospective studies are warranted to validate its utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy, Safety, and Recurrence Prediction of Minimally Invasive PCNL in Uygur and Han Pediatric Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Calculi.","authors":"Ruiyu Yue, Shao Zhang, Kahriman Islam, Jesur Batur, Youquan Zhao, Xiaochuan Wang, Jun Li","doi":"10.1159/000548385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and recurrence risk of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Uyghur and Han pediatric patients with upper urinary tract calculi and develops predictive models with nomograms for postoperative recurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data from 231 children (159 Uyghur, 72 Han) treated with Mini-PCNL or Microperc between June 2019 and June 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Cox regression was applied to construct two models: Model 1 (Outpatient Clinical Predictive Model, OCPM) based on clinical variables, and Model 2 (Comprehensive Inpatient Predictive Model, CIPM) incorporating imaging and urine culture. Nomograms were established, and model performance was assessed using time-dependent ROC curves, calibration curves, and 10-fold cross-validation. Clinical utility was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curves (CIC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stone-free and complication rates were comparable between groups, but Uyghur children had a higher recurrence rate (25.2% vs. 13.9%, HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.30-4.10). Model 1 (OCPM, age, ethnicity, urine pH, serum creatinine) showed good discrimination for outpatient screening (AUC 0.79-0.85), while Model 2 (CIPM, adding stone size, laterality, multiplicity, and hydronephrosis) achieved superior accuracy (AUC > 0.90) and calibration at higher-risk levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCNL is effective and safe in both ethnic groups, but Uyghur patients have a higher recurrence risk. The predictive models provide valuable tools for optimizing postoperative management and follow-up strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23414,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Internationalis","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}