Turkish Journal of Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A narrative review based on the Turkish consensus classification.","authors":"Mustafa Emiroğlu, Kerim Bora Yılmaz, Kenan Çetin, Mehmet Velidedeoğlu, Güldal Esendağlı, Yasemin Kayadibi, Murat Akın","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-8-40","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-8-40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, heterogeneous inflammatory breast disease lacking a universally accepted classification or a standardized management pathway. To provide a comprehensive narrative synthesis of the current literature on IGM and to contextualize the Turkish IGM clinical classification and treatment algorithm in relation to existing global evidence. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2000-2025). Clinical, radiological, pathological, and therapeutic studies were examined. Previously published Turkish national consensus studies based on a modified Delphi process were incorporated into the synthesis. IGM remains diagnostically challenging due to its diverse presentations and overlap with malignancy. Existing global classification attempts are inconsistent and lack clinical practicality. The Turkish IGM clinical classification addresses these gaps by integrating lesion size, skin involvement, pregnancy/lactation categories, and extramammary findings. Treatment outcomes demonstrate the high efficacy of topical and intralesional steroids, the selective use of systemic immunosuppression, and the limited indications for surgery. The Turkish IGM classification and its associated treatment algorithm provide a practical, standardized framework that aligns with current evidence and may reduce overtreatment and mismanagement in IGM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in endothelial activation biomarkers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 following mitral regurgitation surgery.","authors":"Saša Kostovski, Jelena Milenkovic, Boris Djindjic, Svetozar Putnik, Dijana Stojanovic","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-9-35","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-9-35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Severe chronic degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterised by altered hemodynamics and high-shear stress, which initiate left ventricular (LV) remodelling, including upregulation of various cytokines. We evaluated endothelial activation during surgical correction of chronic MR by assessing adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, classic markers of inflammation, and their association with postsurgical LV dysfunction (LVD).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included asymptomatic patients with grade 3-4 degenerative MR. Transthoracic echocardiography data and blood samples were collected before and five days after surgical correction of MR. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules were measured by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ejection fraction, end-diastolic diameter (EDD), and volume all decreased significantly after surgery. A significant decline in ICAM-1 concentration was observed between the two periods (457.11±256.12 vs. 240.29±157.14 ng/mL; p=0.031), whereas VCAM-1 levels did not change significantly. Leukocyte count and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the postoperative period. Early postoperative LVD (in 35.7% of patients) was not correlated with adhesion molecule levels. However, we observed significant changes in ICAM-1 levels associated with postoperative EDD >5.6 cm, which indicates LV dilatation. These patients had markedly lower preoperative and postoperative ICAM-1 values than others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum ICAM-1 levels significantly decline following surgical correction of MR and are associated with postoperative enlargement of the LV. Our study highlights dynamic changes in endothelial activity and underscores the need for a better understanding of this process in MR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total mesorectal excision quality as a predictor of overall survival in rectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Alisina Bulut, Muhammed İkbal Akın, Barış Dağdemir, Ahmet Ufuk Caniklioğlu, Mehmet Fatih Tekin, Leyla Semiha Şen, Wafi Attaallah","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-10-15","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-10-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Achieving complete total mesorectal excision (TME) is considered an important indicator of surgical quality in rectal cancer surgery. However, the impact of TME quality on overall survival (OS) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TME quality and OS in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 171 patients who underwent elective low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer between 2021 and 2022. OS was compared between patients with incomplete TME and those with near-complete or complete TME. In addition, clinical and pathological factors associated with TME quality were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incomplete TME was independently associated with worse OS [hazard ratio (HR)=2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-5.59, p=0.021], while undergoing a Hartmann procedure showed the strongest negative impact on OS (HR=4.60, 95% CI 2.04-10.38, p<0.001). At 36 months, OS was 86.3% in the near-complete/complete TME group versus 68.3% in the incomplete group (log-rank p=0.008). Factors associated with incomplete TME included lower preoperative albumin levels, larger tumor size, previous abdominal surgery, tumors located closer to the anal verge, lymphovascular invasion, and positive circumferential resection margins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incomplete TME was associated with significantly worse OS in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery. These findings highlight the importance of achieving optimal TME quality. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel self-reversing tube ileostomy as an alternative for conventional loop ileostomy for fecal diversion: A cohort tertiary care center study.","authors":"Ajil Antony, Yadukrishna S, Santhosh Kumar R, Jayan N P, Ilsana Henna","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-7-20","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-7-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anastomotic leakage following colorectal anastomosis poses substantial morbidity and mortality. Defunctioning loop ileostomy has been employed as a preventive measure, but has its own complications, including its reversal. In light of these challenges, tube ileostomy has emerged as an alternative, seeking to fulfil the same purpose as loop ileostomy while minimising complications associated with stoma creation and reversal.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Conducted as a cohort study, a total of 88 patients were evenly distributed into two groups. Data collection spanned six months post-surgery or until the conclusion of the study period, with monthly follow-ups. Both types of ileostomy were performed in both elective and emergency settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study comparing tube and loop ileostomy, tube ileostomy showed several advantages: Lower output (218±19 mL vs. 333.33±58 mL), shorter hospital stay (8.3 vs. 11.32 days), fewer stoma bag needs, and faster closure without surgical reversal. Complications like skin excoriation, electrolyte imbalance, and hypertrophic scarring were significantly lower in tube ileostomy. Although tube-related issues like blockade (40.9%) and leakage (15.9%) occurred, overall, comorbidity handling and patient independence were better. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in key parameters, favouring tube ileostomy as a safer, simpler faecal diversion alternative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the early phases of this investigation, tube ileostomy demonstrated favourable outcomes. The observed reduction in complications, ease of management for tube ileostomy-related issues, and decreased hospitalisation and reversion surgery requirements highlight its potential advantages. Further exploration and long-term follow-up are warranted to validate these initial findings and ascertain the sustained efficacy and safety of tube ileostomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed diagnosis of isolated common bile duct injury in an infant: Efficacy of transcystic duct catheter in staged surgical management.","authors":"Melih Akın, Defne Turan, Tamer Kamacı","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2025.2025-8-12","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2025.2025-8-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated common bile duct (CBD) injuries following blunt abdominal trauma are exceptionally rare in infants and often present a diagnostic challenge. Due to the retroperitoneal location of the CBD and the potentially mild peritoneal response to bile leakage, early symptoms may be subtle or absent. As a result, diagnosis is frequently delayed. We present a case of a 2-year-old child who was diagnosed on the 14th day after blunt trauma caused by a falling television unit. Imaging and surgical findings confirmed an isolated CBD injury. The patient was treated with the two-stage surgical approach using transcystic duct catheter drainage followed by delayed reconstruction. The initial procedure involved damage control surgery, including biliary drainage via a transcystic duct catheter and thorough peritoneal irrigation. Four months later, the definitive reconstruction was performed with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. This case emphasizes that isolated CBD injuries, though rare in infants, can follow blunt abdominal trauma and may present with delayed symptoms due to bile's low peritoneal irritancy. This case underscores the rarity and novelty of the transcystic duct catheter approach when managing bile leakage in an infant prior to definitive surgical reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"151-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block and lumbar erector spinae plane block in hip fracture: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ecem Güçlü Öztürk, Beliz Bilgili, Beyza B Özkurt, Özer Öztürk","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2025.2025-10-20","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2025.2025-10-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hip fractures are common in older adults and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although multimodal anesthesia with peripheral nerve blocks is recommended, the superiority of specific block methods remains unclear. This study compared the postoperative analgesic efficacy of the suprainguinal fascia iliaca block (SFIB) and lumbar erector spinae plane block (LESPB) in patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a university hospital (Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye) between August 2022 and May 2023. Patients received SFIB, LESPB, or no block before spinal anesthesia. No block-related complications were observed. Postoperative analgesia was provided using patient-controlled intravenous morphine, with tramadol administered as rescue analgesia for NRS pain scores above 4. The primary outcome was 24-hour total opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption at 6 and 48 hours, pain scores, rescue analgesia requirements, and time to discharge from the intensive care unit and hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63 patients (mean age 78.5±14.0 years; 46 females and 17 males) with American Society of Anesthesiologists I-III undergoing hip fracture surgery were randomized to SFIB (n=23), LESPB (n=22), or control (n=22). During the first 24 hours, opioid consumption were higher in the control group [18 (9-24.5); p=0.002]. Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the control and SFIB groups [6 (4-9); p<0.001]. The LESPB [13 (5-22)] and control groups were comparable (p>0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SFIB provided the greatest reduction in postoperative opioid use during the first 24 hours after hip fracture surgery. While LESPB appears to be an alternative to SFIB, it produced a reduction in opioid consumption similar to that observed in the control group. Suprainguinal FIB should be prioritized as a component of multimodal analgesia for these surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare anatomical localizations of primary hydatid cysts: A single-center retrospective observational study.","authors":"Ramazan Serdar Arslan, Reşad Beyoğlu, Semra Tutçu Şahin, Şirin Küçük, Yavuz Savaş Koca, Ahmet Emre Yenipazar","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-10-25","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-10-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical, radiological, and surgical characteristics of primary hydatid cysts arising in uncommon anatomical locations other than the liver and lungs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective observational study included 523 patients who underwent surgical treatment for hydatid disease at Servergazi State Hospital, Denizli, Türkiye, between January 2009 and June 2024. Patients with hepatic or pulmonary involvement, a history of previous hydatid surgery, or multi-organ disease were excluded. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, cyst localizations, diagnostic modalities, and treatment approaches were systematically recorded. Diagnostic evaluation was based on serological assays and imaging techniques, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 523 patients evaluated, 29 (5.5%) were identified as having primary hydatid cysts in atypical anatomical locations. The spleen was the most frequently involved site, followed by musculoskeletal structures, the central nervous system, and various soft tissue localizations. Serological tests were positive in 82.7% of cases. All patients underwent surgical management tailored to cyst location, and postoperative albendazole therapy was administered. Postoperative complications were limited, and no procedure-related mortality was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary hydatid cysts may present in a wide spectrum of uncommon anatomical locations and often manifest with non-specific clinical features. Awareness of these atypical presentations is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, particularly in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast, accurate, and cost-effective: E-FAST's breakthrough in optimizing thoracic trauma management.","authors":"Gustavo Pellegrini Magaldi, Vitor Favali Kruger, Hércules Henrique Fachioli Magaldi, Elcio Shiyoiti Hirano, Vania Aparecida Leandro-Merhi, José Luis Braga de Aquino","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2025.2025-8-9","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2025.2025-8-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (E-FAST) for detecting pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusions using thoracic computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of 202 adult thoracic trauma patients (2016-2021). E-FAST diagnostic accuracy was calculated using CT as reference standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E-FAST was performed in 149 patients (74%), who presented with significantly higher injury severity (injury severity score: 25 vs. 17; p=0.018) and hemodynamic instability. E-FAST demonstrated 90% sensitivity for pneumothorax, 86% for hemothorax, and 95% specificity for both conditions. Positive predictive values were 92% for pneumothorax and 89% for hemothorax. E-FAST was superior to chest radiography for detecting pleural complications and facilitated immediate thoracic drainage in 39.1% of cases. Cost analysis revealed four-fold reduction compared to CT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>E-FAST demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for pneumothorax and hemothorax compared to CT, while also showing superior performance to conventional radiography. E-FAST facilitates rapid bedside assessment and immediate surgical decision-making in critically injured patients. However, the significant selection bias toward critically injured patients limits the conclusions regarding the independent impact on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic and open appendectomy in pregnant patients: A single-center retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ali Bekraki, Oğuzhan Aydın, Khalig Yagublu, Yusuf Yunus Korkmaz, Ali Levent Işık, Ayşe Sümeyye Demir Güngör","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-9-33","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-9-33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Acute appendicitis is the most common non-obstetric surgical emergency in pregnancy and is associated with increased maternal morbidity and risk of preterm delivery. Diagnostic difficulty rises with advancing gestation, contributing to delayed diagnosis and higher negative appendectomy rates. This retrospective study compared surgical outcomes between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in pregnant patients and assessed trimester-specific trends.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center cohort study included pregnant patients who underwent appendectomy between June 2020 and December 2023. The final cohort of 50 cases met the inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were maternal postoperative complications and preterm birth; secondary outcomes included operative time and length of stay (LOS). Continuous variables were non-normally distributed and are summarized as median (range). Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Appendectomies were performed during the first (26%), second (60%), and third trimesters (14%). Laparoscopic appendectomy accounted for 48% of cases. Operative time was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group compared with the open approach (47 vs. 58 minutes, p=0.044). No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications, LOS, or preterm birth. The overall negative appendectomy rate was 8%, increasing to 28.6% in the third trimester, consistent with greater diagnostic difficulty in late gestation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and feasible option during pregnancy, providing comparable maternal and obstetric outcomes to open surgery while offering shorter operative times. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify trimester-specific management, particularly in late gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the effects of virtual reality glasses and stress ball applications on pain, vital signs, anxiety, fear, satisfaction, and comfort levels during the dressing changes in patients who underwent abdominal surgery.","authors":"Zehra Yanık, Altun Baksi","doi":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-10-24","DOIUrl":"10.47717/turkjsurg.2026.2025-10-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effects of virtual reality glasses and stress-ball use on pain, vital signs, anxiety, fear, satisfaction, and comfort during dressing changes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This research is a randomized experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted from 8 August to 20 November 2024 in general surgery unit 1 of a city hospital in the Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. A total of 156 patients who underwent abdominal surgery and met the sampling criteria were included in the study: 52 in the virtual reality group, 52 in the stress ball group, and 52 in the control group. Data were collected using the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics form, state-trait anxiety inventory, and visual analog scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who were given virtual reality glasses and a stress ball during dressing changes reported higher levels of comfort and relaxation than those in the control group. Fear levels during dressing changes were also higher in the virtual reality group than in the other groups. Anxiety levels were lower in the intervention groups (virtual reality and stress ball) compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups with respect to pain, vital signs, or satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of virtual reality glasses and stress balls during dressing changes in patients appears to be effective in enhancing comfort and reducing anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23374,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Surgery","volume":"42 1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}