Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Cyclodialysis as a Complication of Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy and its Management.","authors":"Ahmet Yücel Üçgül, Zeynep Aktaş","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.49032","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.49032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelial-Island Corneal Crosslinking in the Treatment of Progressive Keratoconus Patients with Thin Corneas: 2-Year Visual, Refractive, Keratometric, Tomographic, and Aberrometric Outcomes.","authors":"Tuna Çelik Büyüktepe, Burcu Kılıç, Ömür Ö Uçakhan","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.53912","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.53912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the visual, refractive, tomographic, and aberrometric outcomes of epithelial-island corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatment in halting progression in keratoconic eyes with thin corneas.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients with advanced keratoconus who had a thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) of <380 μm as measured by anterior segment optic coherence tomography and underwent epithelial-island CXL. The procedure involved tomography-guided customized epithelial debridement, followed by corneal saturation with iso-osmolar and hypo-osmolar riboflavin solutions and ultraviolet-A irradiation (30 min, 3.0 mW/cm²). Best spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction (MR), slit lamp biomicroscopy, corneal tomography, corneal aberrometry, and endothelial cell count (ECC) were evaluated before CXL and at postoperative months 12 and 24.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 10 eyes of 9 patients with a median age of 29.5 (range, 17-51) years. The median postoperative follow-up time was 24.0 (12.0-108.0) months. The median preoperative TCT was 324.0 (232.0-380.0) μm. Preoperatively, the median CDVA was 1.00 (0.70-1.80) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, MR spherical equivalent was -18.00 (-25.00 to -6.00) diopters (D), maximum keratometry value was 84.75 (59.80-99.00) D, vertical coma was -1.068 (-6.428 to 0.613) D, and ECC was 2568 (2021-2750) cells/mm². At postoperative year 1 and year 2, there were no statistically significant changes in any of these parameters (all p>0.05). No significant haze, endothelial cell loss, or any other clinically significant adverse event was encountered in any of the eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epithelial-island CXL seems to be an effective alternative treatment modality in halting progression in keratoconic eyes with thin corneas. Further studies with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size would help to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of this treatment modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Bibliographic Analysis.","authors":"Neslihan Dilruba Köseoğlu, T Y Alvin Liu","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.79484","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.79484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the distribution of research on the use of large language models (LLMs) in ophthalmology through a bibliographic analysis of articles retrieved from PubMed through November 2024. Studies were categorized into four main areas of LLM application: clinical decision-making (further divided according to subspecialties), education, patient interactions, and miscellaneous applications. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution of studies by ophthalmic subspecialty, geographical region, journal quality, and author characteristics, including gender and scholarly impact (h-index and i10-index). The findings revealed that clinical decision-making was the most common application (43.7%), with the majority of studies in this subgroup focusing on the retina (39.5%). Geographically, most of the research originated from North America (48.3%), followed by Asia (29.9%) and Europe (20.7%). Most studies were published in high-impact journals (Q1 journals: 74.7%), particularly for those related to clinical decision-making in retina (80.0%), glaucoma (100%), and multiple subspecialties (87.5%). Gender disparities were evident across all author roles, with female authors accounting for only 29.9% of first authors, 25.3% of last authors, and 26.4% of corresponding authors. The results suggest a need for greater diversity in terms of gender and geographic representation in LLM research in ophthalmology to promote inclusive progress in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> Keratitis in a Patient with Severe Dry Eye: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Nuria Cintas, Estella Rojas-Pineda, Gemma Julio, Victor Charoenrook","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.73365","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.73365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-Month Outcomes of Combined Phacoemulsification and Kahook Dual Blade Excisional Goniotomy Surgery in Various Glaucoma Subtypes.","authors":"Esra Biberoğlu Çelik, Hassan Haidar, Özlem Şahin, Muhsin Eraslan","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.56752","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.56752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) excisional goniotomy procedure combined with phacoemulsification in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 25 eyes of 25 patients (13 males, 12 females) who underwent combined phacoemulsification and KDB excisional goniotomy for early- to moderate-stage glaucoma. Pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated. Postoperative complications and surgical success rates were analyzed during a 6-month follow-up period. Surgical success was defined as a ≥20% reduction in IOP from baseline and IOP <18 mmHg, with or without medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients' mean age was 67.0±11.9 years; 36% had POAG, 36% PEXG, and 28% PACG. The mean preoperative IOP was 22.7±6.0 mmHg, which significantly decreased to 12.8±2.2 mmHg at 6 months (p<0.05). The median number of medications decreased from 2 preoperatively to 0 postoperatively (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in 6-month IOP values (p=0.96) or IOP reduction rates (p=0.61) among glaucoma subtypes. BCVA improved from 0.5±0.4 to 0.1±0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (p=0.001). The most common complications were transient hyphema (12%) and corneal edema (20%), all of which resolved with conservative/topical treatment. One patient required trabeculectomy at month 3, and 3 patients demonstrated less than 20% IOP reduction. The surgical success rate at month 6 was 84%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The KDB procedure combined with cataract surgery provided significant reductions in both IOP and the need for IOP-lowering medications at 6 months of follow-up in patients with early and moderate POAG, PACG, and PEXG, while maintaining a very low rate of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Accelerated Epi-Off Crosslinking on Optical Quality, Corneal Aberrations, and Epithelial Wavefront During Adolescence.","authors":"Büşra Dilara Yıldırım Erdal, Burcu Kazancı","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.65724","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.65724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effect of accelerated epi-off crosslinking (A-CXL) on visual acuity and quality in adolescent patients with progressive keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 109 eyes of 109 patients (mean age 16.24±2.55 years). MS-39 anterior segment optical coherence tomography images from before A-CXL and 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after A-CXL were analyzed. Corneal tomographic parameters, total corneal aberrations, corneal epithelial aberrations, and optical quality indicators such as modulation transfer function (MTF) and Strehl ratio of the point spread function (PSF) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant improvement in corrected distance visual acuity was observed at 6 and 12 months after A-CXL (0.23±0.10 and 0.22±0.10 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) compared to the pre-A-CXL value (0.30±0.12 logMAR) (p<0.001 for both). MTF-5 and MTF-15 values were significantly higher at 12 months after A-CXL compared to before A-CXL (p<0.001). However, almost all MTF and PSF values were significantly lower at 1 month after A-CXL than at the other visits (p<0.05). Significant improvements were seen in root mean square higher-order aberrations (RMS-HOAs), vertical coma, and vertical trefoil values at 12 months after A-CXL compared to before A-CXL. A significant improvement was also detected in corneal epithelial aberrations, specifically in the vertical coma value. The change in corrected distance visual acuity at 12 months after A-CXL was significantly correlated with changes in keratometry values, with total corneal RMS-HOAs, vertical coma, and vertical trefoil, and with corneal epithelial RMS-HOAs (all p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Besides total corneal aberrations, corneal epithelial aberrations may also influence the improvement of visual acuity and quality after A-CXL.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Changes in the Iridocorneal Angle and Anterior Segment Parameters Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.","authors":"Büşra Dilara Yıldırım Erdal, Serdar Bayraktar","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.48092","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.48092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on the iridocorneal angle, anterior chamber, and iris in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) and to evaluate the relationship between these structural changes and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two eyes of 32 PEXG patients were included in the study. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images were obtained using the MS-39 combined Placido disk/AS-OCT system (Phoenix version 4.1.1.5) before SLT and at 1 week and 1 month after SLT. Anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 250 μm, 500 μm, and 750 μm (AOD250, AOD500, and AOD750), and trabecular-iris space area at 250 μm, 500 μm, and 750 μm (TISA250, TISA500, and TISA750) were measured from these images. In addition, iris thickness was assessed at 1000 μm, 2000 μm, and 3000 μm from the pupillary margin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean IOP decreased significantly from 23.47±3.56 mmHg at baseline to 17.81±2.62 mmHg at 1 week and 16.12±2.57 mmHg at 1 month after SLT (p<0.001). At both 1 week and 1 month after SLT, temporal and nasal ACA values were significantly greater compared to baseline (all p<0.05). At 1 month, significant increases were observed in all temporal AOD and TISA values, as well as in the nasal AOD, TISA500, and TISA750 values (all p<0.05). No significant change in iris thickness was observed (p>0.05). Changes in IOP showed no significant correlation with baseline visual field parameters, baseline peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ACA, AOD, or TISA values (all p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with PEXG, SLT effectively reduces IOP and leads to widening of iridocorneal angle parameters. However, the absence of a correlation between changes in angle parameters and IOP reduction strengthens the notion that the primary effect of SLT is related to cellular and biochemical mechanisms rather than a purely mechanical widening of the angle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 2","pages":"110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Occult Retinal Breaks Using Subretinal Dye in Recurrent Retinal Detachment Surgery.","authors":"Sabahattin Sül, Sema Tamer Kaderli, Elchin Osmanlı, Ahmet Kaderli","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2025.91043","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2025.91043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the results and effectiveness of the intraoperative subretinal dual dye-assisted technique in patients treated in our clinic for recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), where small hidden retinal tears could not be detected before or during surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included 11 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic for recurrent RRD and in whom no retinal tears were detected during either preoperative or intraoperative examinations. Data from patients who underwent surgery using the modified subretinal MembraneBlue-Dual^® (trypan blue 0.15% + Brilliant Blue G 0.025% + PEG 4%) dye method applied with a 41-gauge cannula were examined. Postoperative outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 38.4% of patients, retinal tears were located at the posterior edge of a previous laser retinopexy scar. Dye leakage was seen from the edge of a previously lasered retinal tear in 30.7% and from a new tear in 30.7%. At 1-year follow-up, anatomical success and permanent retinal reattachment were achieved in all of the patients. At postoperative 1 year, best corrected visual acuity had increased from 2.0±0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.7±0.1 logMAR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occult small retinal tears that are undetectable in recurrent RRD can be successfully identified using the subretinal dye-assisted technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12917327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Minds: Natural Learning vs. Artificial Learning in Ophthalmology Training.","authors":"Ali Safa Balcı, Zeliha Yazar, Banu Turgut Öztürk, Çiğdem Altan","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2025.16517","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2025.16517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare year-over-year change in ChatGPT's performance on nationwide ophthalmology exams with the performance change among residents over the same period.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This observational study included ophthalmology residents in Türkiye who participated in both the 2023 and 2024 Resident Training Development Exams organized by the Turkish Ophthalmological Association Qualifications Committee. The 2023 examination consisted of 69 single-best-answer multiple-choice questions and was administered to ChatGPT-3.5. The 2024 version, containing 72 questions, was administered to ChatGPT-4o. The success rates of ChatGPT and the residents who participated in both exams were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT's accuracy improved from 53.6% in 2023 to 84.7% in 2024. Among the 501 residents who participated in both years, the average score increased from 48.2% to 53.1%. ChatGPT ranked 292^nd among residents in 2023 but achieved the top score in 2024. Based on percentage improvement in scores, ChatGPT-4o ranked 8^th overall. The most notable performance gains for ChatGPT were seen in the areas of strabismus (+75%), neuro-ophthalmology (+40%), and optics (+40%). Among residents, the largest improvement occurred in oculoplastics (+33.5%), while a decrease was observed in cornea and ocular surface (-4.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ChatGPT-4o showed a marked improvement in answering ophthalmology questions compared to its predecessor, whereas resident learning progressed more gradually. This rapid advancement in ChatGPT highlights the potential speed with which artificial learning can progress within defined boundaries. In contrast, human learning remains a deeper and more time-intensive process. Results suggest that evolving large language models will play an increasingly significant role in medical education and clinical support.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12917328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Murat Erbezci, Zühal Özen Tunay, Taylan Öztürk","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.66806","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2026.66806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"56 1","pages":"70-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12917337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}