Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Full-Field Stimulus Threshold Test Results in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Relationship with Full-Field Electroretinography, Multifocal Electroretinography, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Visual Field.","authors":"Ayşe Öner, Neslihan Sinim Kahraman","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.58485","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.58485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The full-field stimulus threshold (FST) test was developed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatments of hereditary retinal diseases. In this study we performed the FST test in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and compared the results with findings from other ophthalmological tests.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 51 intermediate and advanced RP patients and 21 normal subjects. All patients and controls underwent routine examination and ophthalmological tests including visual field, optical coherence tomography, full-field and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and FST tests. During FST testing, the perception thresholds of retina to the white, blue, and red FST were determined in decibels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients and the controls were 35.2 and 33.5 years, respectively. For all RP patients, no response was obtained on full-field ERG. All subjects were able to perform reliable FST tests. The mean values of visual acuity and central macular thickness were significantly lower and visual field mean deviation values were significantly higher in the RP group than the controls. When we evaluated the mfERG findings, the mean P1 wave amplitudes in all rings were significantly lower and the mean peak times were significantly longer in RP patients than controls. In comparisons of FST test results, the mean values for white, blue, red and the difference between blue-red thresholds were significantly lower in the RP group than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FST test is a fast and a reliable exam which can be done in subjects with poor visual acuity and reduced visual field. The results of this study confirm that the FST test can measure retinal sensitivity in severely affected RP subjects with flat flash ERG.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10895166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply.","authors":"Volkan Dericioğlu, Mehmet Orkun Sevik, Elif Bağatur Vurgun, Eren Çerman","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.64359","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.64359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10895162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Lens Extraction Surgery on Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Segment Parameters in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma.","authors":"Serdar Bayraktar, Büşra Dilara Yıldırım Erdal, Fatma Büşra Altaş, Mine Türkay, Emine Şen","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.82453","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.82453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (phaco+IOL) surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters in patients with cataract and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-five patients with PACG undergoing phaco+IOL surgery were evaluated in terms of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD), and lens thickness (LT) measured by optical biometry preoperatively and at the 6-month postoperative visit. They were compared with 34 healthy age-and gender-matched cataract patients who underwent phaco+IOL surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative evaluation revealed higher IOP, shorter axial length, shallower ACD and AD, and greater LT in the PACG group (p<0.001 for all). Postoperative evaluation in the PACG group showed an increase in BCVA, a significant decrease in IOP, an increase in ACD and AD, and a decrease in LT (p<0.001 for all). Additionally, a reduction in the average number of antiglaucomatous medications used postoperatively was observed in the PACG group (p<0.001). The changes in IOP, ACD, AD, and LT between preoperative and postoperative assessments were significantly greater in the PACG group compared to the control group (p<0.0001 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phaco+IOL surgery in PACG patients leads to a significant increase in ACD compared to the control group and allows better control of IOP with fewer antiglaucomatous medications after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10895158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Autografts from the Inferior and Superior Bulbar Conjunctiva on the Ocular Surface in Primary Pterygium Surgery: A Cytology Study.","authors":"Burcu Kazancı, İrem İnanç, Fatma Çorak Eroğlu, Bizden Sabuncuoğlu, Emine Şen","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.64494","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.64494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using an inferior or superior conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery on the postoperative ocular surface.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty eyes of 40 patients who underwent pterygium surgery with autograft were included in the study. Cytological cell counts were performed on samples taken from the bulbar conjunctiva by impression cytology before and 1 year after the operation. Schirmer 1 test score, lissamine green conjunctival staining score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and fluorescein corneal staining scores were evaluated. The pain levels of the patients were evaluated with visual analog scale at postoperative 1 day and 1 week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corneal and conjunctival staining, TBUT, and Schirmer test results demonstrated significant improvement in all patient groups after surgery, but there was no difference between groups (p>0.05). In both preoperative and postoperative impression cytology, the number of goblet cells in the inferior bulbar conjunctiva was higher than in the superior bulbar conjunctiva (p<0.001), while there was no such difference in epithelial cell or mucin staining. There were no significant cytological changes postoperatively in either group (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pterygium surgery with autografting improved tear function tests regardless of graft location. Goblet cell count was higher in the inferior bulbar conjunctiva than in the superior bulbar conjunctiva in both postoperative and preoperative impression cytology. However, there was no significant difference in postoperative epithelial and goblet cell counts or mucin staining between the groups before and after surgery. We think that using the inferior bulbar conjunctiva is an appropriate choice in cases where the superior conjunctiva cannot be used as a graft or when future glaucoma surgery is possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138831710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Retinal Vascular Changes in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Retinal Vein Occlusions","authors":"Mestan Ertop, Fulya Yaylacıoğlu Tuncay, Yavuz Kemal Arıbaş, Hüseyin Baran Özdemir, Gökhan Gürelik, Mehmet Emin Atılgan, Şengül Özdek","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.94389","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.94389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the subtle peripheral retinal and macular vascular changes in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 53 patients with unilateral RVO and 44 age-matched controls. The frequency of peripheral retinal vascular pathologies in both eyes was evaluated using high quality ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWFFA). Macular vascular density, flow area, and foveal avascular zone measurements from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were analyzed together with laser flare photometry values in patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peripheral retinal vascular pathologies were detected on UWFFA in the fellow eyes of 36 (67.9%) patients. No significant central vascular pathologies were detected on OCTA and there was no significant difference in OCTA parameters between the fellow eyes and the controls. Flare values did not differ significantly between the control and the fellow eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two thirds of the fellow eyes of unilateral RVO patients had subtle peripheral retinal vascular changes, while there was no significant microvascular change detected with OCTA in the macula. This suggests that vascular changes caused by systemic vascular disorders probably first start in the peripheral retina of the fellow eyes of patients with RVO.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression Analysis of the Small GTP-Binding Protein Rac in Pterygium","authors":"Ahmet Saracaloğlu, Şeniz Demiryürek, Kıvanç Güngör, Betül Düzen, Ömer Eronat, Ebru Temiz, Abdullah Tuncay Demiryürek","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.93765","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.93765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the roles of small GTP-binding proteins Rac1, Rac2, and Rac3 expression in pterygial tissue and to compare these expressions with normal conjunctival tissue.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy-eight patients with primary pterygium were enrolled. Healthy conjunctival graft specimens obtained during pterygium surgery were used as control tissue. The real-time polymerase chain reaction method on the BioMark HD dynamic array system was utilized in genomic mRNA for the gene expression analysis. Protein expressions were analyzed using western blot and immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>RAC1, RAC2</i>, and <i>RAC3</i> gene expressions in pterygial tissues were not markedly elevated when compared to the control specimens (p>0.05). As a very low level of <i>RAC1</i> gene expression was observed, further protein expression analysis was performed for the Rac2 and Rac3 proteins. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis of Rac2 and Rac3 protein expression revealed no significant differences between pterygial and healthy tissues (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to identify the contribution of Rac proteins in pterygium. Our results indicate that the small GTP-binding protein Rac may not be involved in pterygium pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Golden Indications and an Overview on the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Strabismus.","authors":"Seyhan B Özkan","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.37806","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.37806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is considered a pharmacological agent that may provide an alternative treatment to surgery in strabismus. It can be used as both a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in various concomitant, paralytic, and restrictive disorders. The major advantage of BTXA treatment is that it is non-invasive and does not impact the patient's chance for future surgery in case of an unfavorable response. In some selected disorders, BTXA has become the primary choice of treatment, whereas surgery is found to be more effective in others. Accumulated knowledge and experience have demonstrated that BTXA is more than merely an alternative treatment and has additional specific indications such as in unstable deviations and as an adjunct to surgery. Patients with recurrent deviations despite multiple surgeries are also good candidates for BTXA treatment. Although the major expectation is to obtain a permanent result, BTXA can also be used as a maintenance treatment. This paper mainly focuses on the current indications for the use of BTXA in strabismology, with special emphasis on ideal first-choice applications referred to as \"golden indications,\" within the scope of the author's own experience with the use of BTXA over 30 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138831698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Pentacam Parameters in the Diagnosis of Subclinical and Mild Keratoconus Based on Different Grading System Definitions","authors":"İbrahim Toprak, Çiğdem Martin, Celal Emre Güneş, Jorge Alio","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.68188","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.68188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To retest the performance of Pentacam parameters in the detection of eyes with subclinical keratoconus (KC) and mild KC based on different definitions from the Amsler-Krumeich (AK), Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK), and ABCD systems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional university-based study comprised 24 eyes with subclinical KC, 144 eyes with mild KC (based on AK in 101 eyes, CLEK in 28 eyes, and ABCD in 15 eyes), and 70 controls. Diagnostic ability of the thinnest point (TP) pachymetry, KISA% index, inferior-superior asymmetry, corneal aberrations, Pentacam indices, front/back elevations, pachymetric progression index, Ambrósio-Relational Thickness (ARTmax), and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display scores (Df, Db, Dp, Dt, Da, and D-final) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ARTmax (83.3% sensitivity/74.3% specificity) had the highest ability in distinguishing subclinical KC from normal, followed by TP pachymetry, Dt, and Da. D-final showed excellent sensitivity/specificity in mild KC diagnosis based on AK (98%/100%) and CLEK (97.4%/100%) descriptions. In the mild KC-ABCD group, index of vertical asymmetry accurately detected all eyes with mild KC and 97.1% of the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study points out the gray zone in the detection of eyes with subclinical and mild KC due to overlapping terminology and grading criteria. Pentacam parameters seem to have modest capability in subclinical KC detection, indicating the necessity for additional diagnostic modalities. However, eyes with mild KC can be diagnosed with high accuracy using Pentacam parameters, although the strongest parameters may vary according to the definition of “mild KC.” Nevertheless, uniform and definitive criteria for subclinical and clinical KC classification are required for a diagnostic and therapeutic consensus in KC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Segment Changes and Refractive Outcomes after Cataract Surgery Combined with Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy in Open-Angle Glaucoma","authors":"Hatice Tekcan, Serhat İmamoğlu, Mehmet Serhat Mangan","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.36080","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.36080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in patients undergoing phacoemulsification combined with gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (phaco-GATT) and to determine the predictive factors for refractive errors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-three eyes of 53 patients undergoing phaco-GATT were retrospectively reviewed. The preoperative and postoperative 3-month anterior segment (AS) parameters were measured by Scheimpflug camera. The mean prediction error (PE), mean absolute error (MAE) in the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraft/theoretical (SRK/T), Barrett- Universal II, Hill-radial basis function (Hill-RBF) and Kane formulas were compared. The influence of biometric parameters on PE were analyzed by correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively, there was a statistically significant decrease in axial length (AL) and significant enlargement in anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and anterior chamber volume (p<0.001). The mean PE using SRK/T (-0.08 diopters [D]) was more myopic than in the Barret (0.01 D) and Hill-RBF (0.01 D). The PE closest to zero was in the Kane formula (0.001 D). The Kane formula provided a lower MAE (0.30±0.28 D) than the SRK/T (0.38±0.32 D) and Barrett (0.36±0.30 D) (p<0.001). The MAE in Hill-RBF (0.32±0.28) was comparable with that in Kane (p=0.02). Preoperative AL was significantly associated with PE in all formulas except Kane. Barrett was the only formula that did not have a significant correlation between PE and postoperative ACD and ACA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Kane formula may provide higher predictability of the IOL power calculation than the SRK/T and Barrett-Universal II formulas in phaco-GATT surgery, which can cause significant changes in the AS and AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47327636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Outcomes of Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema in Türkiye: MARMASIA Study Group Report No. 1.","authors":"Uğur Yayla, Mehmet Orkun Sevik, Veysel Levent Karabaş, Özlem Şahin, Abdullah Özkaya, Nursal Melda Yenerel, Banu Açıkalın Öncel, Fatih Bilgehan Kaplan, Ecem Önder Tokuç, Hatice Selen Kanar, Işıl Kutlutürk Karagöz, Ece Başaran Emengen, Ayşe Demirciler Sönmez, Aslan Aykut, Utku Limon, Erdinç Bozkurt, Işılay Özsoy Saygın, Tuğba Aydoğan Gezginaslan, Özlem Aydın Öncü, Esra Türkseven Kumral, Nimet Yeşim Erçalık, Erkan Çelik","doi":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.56249","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.56249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to report the demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients treated with intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) and provide an overview of outcomes during routine clinical practice in Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective, real-world study included 1,372 eyes (854 patients) treated with a pro re nata protocol by 21 ophthalmologists from 8 tertiary clinics on the Asian side of the Marmara region of Türkiye (MARMASIA Study Group). Five cohort groups were established by collecting the patients' baseline and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36-month follow-up data, where each subsequent cohort may include the previous. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, approximate ETDRS letters) and central macular thickness (CMT, μm), number of visits and IVI, and rates of anti-VEGF switch and intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) combination were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36-month cohorts included 1372 (854), 1352 (838), 1185 (722), 972 (581), and 623 (361) eyes (patients), respectively. The mean baseline BCVA and CMT were 51.4±21.4 letters and 482.6±180.3 μm. The mean changes from baseline in BCVA were +7.6, +9.1, +8.0, +8.6, and +8.4 letters, and in CMT were -115.4, -140.0, -147.9, -167.3, and -215.4 μm at the 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36-month visits (p<0.001 for all). The median cumulative number of anti-VEGF IVI was 3.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively. The overall anti-VEGF switch and IDI combination rates were 18.5% (253/1372 eyes) and 35.0% (480/1372 eyes), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This largest real-life study of DME from Türkiye demonstrated BCVA gains inferior to randomized controlled trials, mainly due to the lower number of IVI. However, with the lower baseline BCVA and higher IDI combination rates in our cohorts, these gains were relatively superior to other real-life study counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23373,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}