Tropical Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Genomic analysis identifies five pathogenic bacterial species in Argentinian wheat","authors":"María Verónica Fumero, Sol Belén Garis, Enrique Alberione, Edgardo Jofré, Leonardo Sebastián Vanzetti","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00680-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00680-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial diseases significantly impact wheat production worldwide, leading to yield losses ranging from 10 to 40% under diverse climatic conditions. This study aimed to investigate the genomic diversity of bacterial species associated with foliar lesions on wheat in Argentina. Forty foliar lesions from ten plants were collected and a total of forty strains were isolated. Five pathogenic bacterial species were isolated from the lesions, and their genomes were sequenced and assembled. Species identities were confirmed through average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) comparisons with type species. The isolated species were identified as follows: <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> ARGTR 1–1 (98% ANI, 82% dDDH), <i>Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens</i> pv. <i>flaccumfaciens</i> ARGTR 5–2 (98% ANI, 90% dDDH), <i>Xanthomonas translucens</i> pv. <i>undulosa</i> ARGTR 7–1 (100% ANI, 99% dDDH), <i>Clavibacter tessellarius</i> ARGTR 8–1 (98% ANI, 97% dDDH), and <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>atrofaciens</i> ARGTR 9–1 (99% ANI, 91% dDDH). It was notable that <i>Xanthomonas translucens</i> pv. <i>undulosa</i> ARGTR 7–1 and <i>Clavibacter tessellarius</i> ARGTR 8–1 were isolated from the same plant. This study provides a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and whole-genome data of these bacterial pathogens, establishing a basis for omics-based approaches to explore genetic diversity and virulence mechanisms. These findings would contribute to the development of strategies aimed at improving wheat health and productivity in the presence of bacterial diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detached leaf assay-based screening of anthracnose resistant wild strawberry genotypes","authors":"Yaqian Shi, Yaru Shen, Jinhui Bai, Bilal Ahmad, Mati Ur Rahman, Qingxi Chen, Zhifeng Wen","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00682-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00682-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthracnose, caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. is one of the most devastating disease of strawberry. Identification of strawberry resistance to anthracnose has been a priority in strawberry breeding programs. Here, a total of 34 strawberry genotypes were evaluated for resistance to <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> using detached leaf assay. Following <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> inoculation, the activities of defense enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), superoxide anion (•O₂⁻) accumulation, and expression of pathogenesis-related 1 (<i>PR1</i>) and plant defending 1.2 (<i>PDF 1.2</i>) genes were examined. Two genotypes were resistant (R), seven moderately resistant (MR), thirteen susceptible (S), and twelve highly susceptible (HS). <i>Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlech</i>. and <i>F. mandschurica</i> were resistant to <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, while <i>F. vesca</i> ‘Hawaii 4’ and <i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> cv ‘Miaoxiang No. 3’ were highly sensitive to the pathogen. Furthermore, the leaves of <i>F. nilgerrensis</i>, displayed more •O₂⁻ production and cell death than ‘Miaoxiang No. 3’ following pathogen inoculation. The activities of defense enzymes such as CAT, POD, and SOD in <i>F. nilgerrensis</i> and <i>F. mandschurica</i> were higher than in “Hawaii 4” and ‘Miaoxiang No. 3’. Following inoculation, <i>PR1, PR5</i>, <i>PDF1.2</i>, and coronatine insensitive 1 gene showed high expression levels in <i>F. nilgerrensis</i>, <i>F. mandschurica</i>, ‘Hawaii 4’, and ‘Miaoxiang No. 3’. This work provides insights into the response of different strawberry genotypes to <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> infection in and will help breeders in selecting strawberry germplasm for disease-resistant breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Subtropical Race 4","authors":"Mariela P. González - Arriagada, Daniel W. Heck, Rhaphael A. Silva, Alessandro Santos, Gabriel Alves, Emerson M. Del Ponte, Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00684-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00684-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Historically, Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> (Foc) has rendered hectares of banana unusable in Central and South America. In 2019, tropical race 4 (TR4), the most virulent race of Foc, was detected in South America and its spread to the main banana-producing regions is a matter of time. This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of FWB caused by subtropical race 4 (SR4) and its relationship with environmental features, aiming to provide a basis for epidemiologically-based mitigation actions to contain TR4. One banana cv. ‘Maçã’ (AAB) field was established in 2017 in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bimonthly assessments of incidence were conducted between 2017 to 2020. Weather variables were also recorded. The spatial pattern was studied using quadrat- and distance-based methods. Temporal analyses were based on epidemiological models fitted to disease progress curves. Average values of weather variables were estimated for intervals of 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-weeks before a given assessment date seeking for any correlation with FWB incidence and absolute disease progress rate. The first foci were detected six months after planting and were randomly distributed across the field The spatial pattern changed to aggregated when FWB incidence increased (maximum of 43%). The FWB progress curve had a sigmoidal-shape and the Gompertz model provided the best description of the temporal dynamic of FWB. Increases in the rate of progress of FWB were correlated with precipitation four weeks before the evaluation. Mitigation actions based on the spatio-temporal epidemiology of SR4 in highly susceptible cultivars might contribute to prevent total crop losses and the expansion of FWB into non-infested regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Rotylenchulus reniformis in soybean using genetic and biological approaches","authors":"Rafaela Bueno Loreto, Santino Aleandro da Silva, Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00687-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00687-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Rotylenchulus reniformis</i> poses a significant threat to cotton crops in the Brazilian Cerrado, particularly when grown consecutively with soybeans. This nematode has not only become a concern for cotton but has also led to considerable damage in soybean crops, emphasizing the need for effective nematode control in both agricultural settings. The aim of this study was to combine genetic control with the application of biological nematicides, as seed treatment, to manage <i>R. reniformis</i> under greenhouse conditions. Two soybean cultivars, TMG 4182 and Fibra, resistant and susceptible, were used and the biological nematicides used included <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum + T. asperellum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i> + <i>B. licheniformis</i>, and <i>B. firmus</i>. Inoculation with 800 <i>R. reniformis</i> occurred in the cotyledonary stage, with evaluations conducted at 72 and 76 days after inoculation for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Nematodes were extracted from the soil and roots, calculating the reproduction factor (RF). The combination of biological nematicides with resistant cultivars did not yield substantial benefits in controlling reniform nematodes in soybean but safeguarding resistant cultivars through the application of chemical or biological nematicides is important to mitigate inoculum pressure on resistance genes. In addition, biological nematicides evaluated in this study did not improve soybean plant development and we concluded that managing reniform nematodes in soybean necessitates the integration of diverse control measures to effectively address the challenges posed by this nematode's impact on crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High incidence of cassava common mosaic virus in cassava plants and complete genome sequence of a distinct isolate from Brazil","authors":"Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe, Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior, Angélica Maria Nogueira Portilho, Julio Massaharu Marubayashi, Felipe Barreto da Silva, Juliana Uzan, Gabriel Madoglio Favara, Renate Krause-Sakate","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00679-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00679-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cassava common mosaic virus (CMV) is a pathogen that affects cassava plants. The complete genome sequence of a CsCMV isolate was obtained from cassava plants in São Paulo state, Brazil. Subsequent field surveys across multiple counties revealed a high prevalence of CsCMV, ranging from 67 to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated two distinct genetic groups of CsCMV isolates in São Paulo, with the Brazilian isolate closely related to isolates from the United States and China. Considering that cassava is propagated vegetatively, the high incidence of CsCMV highlights the need to establish programs to obtain virus-free propagation materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passiflora virus Y in soybean: High susceptibility of soybean cultivars, unlikely transmission trough seeds and no detection of the virus in fields from São Paulo state, Brazil","authors":"Caroline da Cruz Martines, Luana Cury Secler, Gabriel Madoglio Favara, Cintia Sabino de Oliveira, Julio Massaharu Marubayashi, Felipe Barreto da Silva, Juliana Uzan, Renate Krause-Sakate","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00681-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00681-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2020, the potyvirus passiflora virus Y (PaVY) was reported infecting soybean in Brazil. Considering its recent detection, little is known about the incidence of the virus in soybean-producing regions and if PaVY can be transmitted through seeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluated the reaction of soybean cultivars to PaVY infection (isolate PaVY-Br), assess the occurrence of PaVY in soybean crops in São Paulo state and investigate aspects related to its seed transmission and host range. An average, 40% of the seeds produced by infected plants exhibited symptoms of coat mottling. PaVY was not detected in 1219 seedlings originated from 811 non-mottled and 408 mottled seeds produced by PaVY-Br-infected soybean plants. The potyvirus was detected, by RT-PCR, on 9.8% of mottled and 37.7% of non-mottled seeds. PaVY-Br infected <i>Canavalia ensiformis, Gossypium hirsutum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, </i>and<i> Vigna unguiculata</i>, expanding the host range of this isolate. PaVY was not detected in 800 soybean samples collected from fields of this crop in 12 municipalities from São Paulo state during the crop seasons of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. Overall, the results demonstrated high susceptibility of soybean cultivars mechanically inoculated with PaVY-Br, a low incidence of PaVY in soybean fields in the major producing regions of the state of São Paulo and that transmission of PaVY-BR through soybean seeds is unlikely.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the qPCR technique for the detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae in horticultural soils of Colombia","authors":"Francy Liliana García-Arias, Edwin Rodríguez, Lorena Dávila-Mora, Donald Riascos-Ortiz, Eliana Revelo-Gómez, Alejandro Villabona Gelvez, Carlos Andrés Moreno-Velandia, Paola Zuluaga","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00674-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00674-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clubroot of crucifers caused by the soil-borne pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> is a very destructive disease worldwide. The pathogen survives for many years in soil as resting spores (RS), which are formed in large numbers within the clubbed roots. RS can accumulate in the soil when brassicas are repeatedly grown, leading to increased levels inoculum for subsequent crops. The rapid spread of the pathogen in all cruciferous vegetable production areas in Colombia put the economy of farmers and the availability of these foods in the local market at risk. DNA-based techniques can be useful in determining the presence and concentration of pathogen in soil, making them valuable diagnostic tools for disease management and decision-making. Although the presence and the concentration of <i>P. brassicae</i> spores in soils from cruciferous producing areas in Colombia were determined using qPCR technique in 2017, to our knowledge no other works have addressed the use of diagnosis tools for management of clubroot in the country. No symptoms of clubroot were observed in horticultural areas in the Nariño department according to the mentioned report, despite finding pathogen DNA in the soil samples. However, significant yield losses caused by clubroot have been reported in Nariño since 2020, and many farms are currently growing alternative crops such as potato, carrot, and non-cruciferous crops because of the high <i>P. brassicae</i> pressure. To assess the risk of growing cruciferous crops, this work aims to validate the qPCR technique to detect and quantify <i>P. brassicae</i> in soil samples from the field. We used a model bioassay of pathogenicity test with various concentrations of <i>P. brassicae</i> and with a known susceptible cultivar of broccoli to standardize the methodology. Soil samples from horticultural fields were analyzed to validate the protocol. The bioassay allowed us to determine that a low concentration of 10 spores g⁻¹ is enough to cause disease symptoms in the host and a concentration of 10² spores of <i>P. brassicae</i> is the limit of detection by the qPCR technique. In the presence of the host, the RS concentration <i>of P. brassicae</i> in the soil increased between five and nine times in a single cycle, demonstrating the high rate of propagation of the pathogen. The Nariño department had the highest pathogen concentrations compared to Cundinamarca and Boyacá departments, which was associated to the lack of risk assessments, control measurements and the consecutive growing of susceptible cruciferous crops in infected fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining cyclic lipopeptides and cinnamon extract enhance antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum strains pathogenic to banana and delay Fusarium wilt under greenhouse conditions","authors":"Julieta M. Ramírez-Mejía, Carolina Aguilera-Galvez, Gert H. J. Kema, Luisa M. Valencia-Riascos, Sebastián Zapata-Henao, Luis A. Gómez, Valeska Villegas-Escobar","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00677-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00677-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) caused by the soil-borne fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> (<i>Foc</i>) is a widely distributed disease that generates devastating losses in banana production. <i>Foc</i> belongs to the <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> species complex (FOSC) which includes several evolutionary lineages. Nine of them are pathogenic to banana such as <i>F. phialophorum</i>, <i>F. grosmichelli</i>, <i>F. duoseptatum</i> and the most aggressive <i>F. odoratissimum</i> tropical race 4 (TR4). No control method has been successfully implemented to manage FWB, then enhancing the potential of management approaches can avoid or delay disease epidemics and reduce disease severity. Here we determined the antifungal effect of different plant-based extracts against <i>Foc </i>in vitro, and whether the combination of cinnamon (<i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum)</i> extract and <i>Bacillus tequilensis</i> EA-CB0015 cyclic lipopeptides had an additive effect against different <i>Foc</i> lineages in vitro and against FWB in banana plants in greenhouse. We found, from 17 plant-based natural extracts, that cinnamon was highly active against <i>Foc</i> strain IB (race 1). Furthermore, cinnamon and cyclic lipopeptides inhibited different strains of various evolutionary lineages of <i>Foc</i> belonging to race 1 and TR4, and their combination increased in 1.4-fold the effect of the single extracts in vitro. Our results showed that soil concentration of <i>F. odoratissimum</i> TR4-II5 decreased by 1000-fold when treated with the combination of 488 mg L⁻¹ cinnamon and 128 mg L⁻¹ lipopeptides in a soil microcosm system after 5 days of incubation, followed by a partial population recovery after 21 days. In greenhouse experiments, the combination reduced external but not internal FWB symptoms, and cinnamon extract had a significant impact on internal plant symptoms. Taken together, the effect of cyclic lipopeptides with cinnamon extract on <i>Foc</i> supports their function towards delaying the effect of disease progression and suggests that the combination enhances the effect of the single extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of new adult plant leaf rust resistance loci in a Tunisian wheat landrace Aus26670","authors":"Deepak Baranwal, Urmil Bansal, Harbans Bariana","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00675-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00675-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transfer of leaf resistance genes into elite lines can assist in developing future wheat cultivars and mitigate economic losses caused by the leaf rust pathogen, <i>Puccinia triticina</i> Erikss<i>.</i> (Pt). Some previously reported leaf rust resistance QTL have been challenged by aggressive Pt pathotypes. This experiment aims to detect genetically diverse resistance QTL using a Tunisian landrace, Aus26670, which confers a high level of adult plant leaf rust resistance against Australian Pt pathotypes. One hundred nineteen F₇ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were generated after crossing Aus26670 and a susceptible line Avocet ‘S’ (AvS). The Aus26670/AvS RIL population was evaluated against mixture of five Pt pathotypes under field conditions for two years. The same RIL population was also screened using three Pt pathotypes individually in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. Genetic analysis of the seedling leaf rust response against Pt104-2,3,6, (7) confirmed the presence of an all-stage resistance (ASR) gene, <i>Lr13</i>. The RIL population was genotyped using a targeted genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) assay, and <i>Lr13</i> was mapped in the 153.9–182.1 Mb region in chromosome 2BS. QTL analysis suggested the involvement of three genomic regions/adult plant resistance genes (APR) namely <i>QLr.sun-1BL/Lr46</i>, <i>QLr.sun-5DL</i> and <i>QLr.sun-7DS,</i> in controlling leaf rust resistance. Data of seedling assays, known marker survey, and comparison of genomic regions detected in this study with previously reported APR indicated the uniqueness of <i>QLr.sun-5DL</i> (559.7 Mb) and<i> QLr.sun-7DS</i> (11 Mb). Both QTL represent new additions to the APR toolbox.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of physiological race of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) and reaction of bread wheat cultivars to emerging dominant races","authors":"Mosisa Tolossa, Girma Adugna, Bekele Hundie","doi":"10.1007/s40858-024-00670-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-024-00670-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stem rust is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat crops. This study was conducted to identify pathogenic variation in wheat stem rust fungus<i> (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici)</i> population and evaluation of wheat cultivars to emerging dominant races. For handling diseased samples, major wheat growing areas were selected by multistage sampling technique. Accordingly, 4 zones and 6 districts were selected to get representative disease isolates for race analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done to classify cultivars. Fifty seven single pustules of stem rust were isolated from 86 samples, analyzed using twenty stem rust differentials genes and designated to six races. Among identified races, TKKTF was dominant accounting for 38 % of the isolates followed by TKTTF containing 21.1% of the isolates. TTKTT was the most virulent race identified in current study, 95% of <i>Sr</i> genes susceptible including <i>Sr24</i>, an effective stem rust resistance gene to several stem rust races so far encountered in Ethiopia. The cultivars were classified into 4 hierarchical clusters based on their infection reaction. Among 22 cultivars, four showed low infection type (IT) to race under evaluations. The current statuses of rust race warrants the intimate use of gene edition technology that is a fast track for rust mitigation. Moreover, breeding for stem rust should include screening of resistance genes in wild relatives, wide wheat germplasm to develop varieties tolerant to new and emerging races.</p>","PeriodicalId":23354,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}