{"title":"Probabilistic error detection and correction in switched capacitor circuits using checksum codes","authors":"Md Imran Momtaz, Suvadeep Banerjee, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046233","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, techniques for error detection in linear digital and analog circuits using checksum codes have been developed and shown to be highly efficient. While error detection is a solved problem, error correction has proved to be difficult due to the time and area overheads involved in diagnosing failed system states and correcting them in real-time. To solve the correction problem, real-time probabilistic correction mechanisms have been proposed for digital circuits that correct for state errors in a probabilistic manner, circumventing the process of accurate error diagnosis. Such a technique is difficult to apply to continuous-time analog circuits without altering the analog transfer function, due to the nature of error feedback mechanisms involved. However, switched-capacitor circuits offer intrinsic advantages; they replicate analog continuous-time behavior while retaining the benefits of a digital clock. In this work, we show how errors in switched-capacitor circuits can be detected and corrected, using probabilistic correction algorithms, by taking advantage of the separation in time afforded by the use of a digital clock between error-free and error-affected clock cycles of the circuit. By probabilistically correcting errors in real-time before the onset of future clock cycles, the advantages offered by digital clocks are exploited to deliver high-fidelity analog performance in switched-capacitor filters resulting in significant SNR benefits at low cost.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Papadimitriou, Manolis Kaliorakis, Athanasios Chatzidimitriou, Charalampos Magdalinos, D. Gizopoulos
{"title":"Voltage margins identification on commercial x86-64 multicore microprocessors","authors":"G. Papadimitriou, Manolis Kaliorakis, Athanasios Chatzidimitriou, Charalampos Magdalinos, D. Gizopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046198","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the pessimistic voltage guardbands of two multicore x86-64 microprocessor chips that belong to different microarchitectures (one ultra-low power and one high-performance microprocessor), when programs are executed on individual cores of the CPU chips. We also examine the energy and temperature gains as positive effects of lowering the voltage in both chips while preserving the functional correctness of programs. The behavior of the cores was examined executing 8 different workloads from the SPEC CPU2006 suite. Our differential experimental study is performed on two state-of-the-art x86-64 microprocessors: an ultra-low power Intel Core i5-4200U and a high-performance Intel Core i7-3970X. Based on the results, the cores on each microprocessor chip behave differently for different workloads when undervolted, and the voltage guardbands are more than 15% below the nominal voltage levels. We show that the energy efficiency can be increased by a maximum of 20% and the reduction of temperature can be up to 25%.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116355149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulrich Backhausen, O. Ballan, P. Bernardi, S. D. Luca, Julie Henzler, T. Kern, D. Piumatti, Thomas Rabenalt, Krishnapriya Chakiat Ramamoorthy, E. Sánchez, A. Sansonetti, R. Ullmann, F. Venini, R. Wiesner
{"title":"Robustness in automotive electronics: An industrial overview of major concerns","authors":"Ulrich Backhausen, O. Ballan, P. Bernardi, S. D. Luca, Julie Henzler, T. Kern, D. Piumatti, Thomas Rabenalt, Krishnapriya Chakiat Ramamoorthy, E. Sánchez, A. Sansonetti, R. Ullmann, F. Venini, R. Wiesner","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046234","url":null,"abstract":"Different perspectives about the concept of Robustness in Automotive Electronic are provides by leading edge semiconductor manufacturer. Xilinx contribution is related to the development and evaluation of Software Test Libraries suitable for in-field testing of the interconnect blocks in large SoCs. Infineon (IFX) section is discussing safety and security concerns of On-Line FLASH Memory Repair. STMicroelectronics is providing guidelines for the development and integration of Core Self-Test libraries.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133054367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Cacho, A. Benhassain, R. Shah, S. Mhira, V. Huard, L. Anghel
{"title":"Investigation of critical path selection for in-situ monitors insertion","authors":"F. Cacho, A. Benhassain, R. Shah, S. Mhira, V. Huard, L. Anghel","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046229","url":null,"abstract":"The performance and low power requirement are becoming more and more challenging to fulfill for consumer product. On the opposite, a low failure rate at SoC level must be guaranteed to the end-customer. In that context, the insertion of in-situ slack monitor is known to be promising and efficient solution to manage the wear-out and more generally to minimize all margins related to manufacturing variations and operating conditions. As far as in-situ slack monitors are located in functional path, the choice of endpoint register and the number of monitors are of prime importance. This paper deals with a methodology of path selection in a context of monitor insertion in digital block without pattern availability. Basically, the timing of data path arriving to an endpoint register is analyzed, and a weight is calculated as a figure of merit. This work accounts for stochastic dispersion, aging, global corner process, voltage and temperature variations. The important role played by the sub-critical path is illustrated with silicon measurement.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"83 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123553082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-line monitoring of system health using on-chip SRAMs as a wearout sensor","authors":"Woongrae Kim, Taizhi Liu, L. Milor","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046230","url":null,"abstract":"Safety critical systems need methodologies for chips to monitor their health in the field, so that the need for repairs can be determined during scheduled maintenance. Prior work provides health monitoring via detection of degradation. Since many wearout mechanisms provide no degradation signal, this paper proposes to use the embedded SRAM as a dynamic monitor of system health. The SRAM is monitored by detecting error correcting code (ECC) failures. The cause of ECC failures is diagnosed electrically with on-chip built-in self test (BIST). The time stamps and diagnosis data are combined to estimate process-level wearout model parameters. The extracted wearout model parameters are combined with system wearout simulation data and the memory bit failures recovered by error correcting codes (ECC) to estimate the remaining lifetime of the entire processor. The estimation of the remaining life is helpful in monitoring potential chip failures in the near future, to ensure safe operation.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134443347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jamming resistant encoding for non-uniformly distributed information","authors":"Batya Karp, Yerucham Berkowitz, O. Keren","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046213","url":null,"abstract":"Codes that aim to detect any error regardless of its multiplicity are referred to as security oriented codes. Most of these codes are designed to protect uniformly distributed codewords; there are few solutions which are used in protecting systems with non-uniformly distributed words. The paper introduces a new encoding method, termed “Level-Out encoding”, for cases in which some words are more likely to appear than others and compares the effectiveness of the different methods. The advantage of the suggested coding scheme is demonstrated by simulations with two different types of attackers — a Blind Attacker, limited to the knowledge of the a priori information word and codeword distribution, and a Memory Based Attacker with access to the conditional probabilities based on previous information words as well.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikos Karousos, Konstantinos Pexaras, Irene G. Karybali, E. Kalligeros
{"title":"Weighted logic locking: A new approach for IC piracy protection","authors":"Nikos Karousos, Konstantinos Pexaras, Irene G. Karybali, E. Kalligeros","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046226","url":null,"abstract":"Logic locking has been successfully used for protecting digital circuits against IC piracy. Modern logic locking techniques offer significant security advantages, like high corruptibility of the locked circuit's outputs when applying random keys (= 50% Hamming Distance-HD-compared to the correct outputs), or resilience to the key-sensitization attack. However, there are no techniques to combine both advantages. To solve this problem, weighted logic locking is proposed in this paper. Instead of the conventional single key-input control, the proposed technique uses multiple key-inputs to control every key-gate. This new, weighted key-gate control is by construction immune to the key-sensitization attack, while by employing a new key-gate insertion metric, 50% HD is obtained even for circuits with many outputs. Additionally, weighted key-gate control increases dramatically the probability of any key-gate to corrupt the circuit's values, which means that fewer key-gates are needed to achieve 50% HD. This way, execution time for locking the circuits is drastically reduced. Apart from these advantages, weighted logic locking is fairly “generic” and can be combined with other techniques to improve security (e.g., to thwart the SAT attack).","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A generic embedded sequence generator for constrained-random validation with weighted distributions","authors":"Xiaobing Shi, N. Nicolici","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046199","url":null,"abstract":"Post-silicon validation is concerned for discovering design errors that escape to the silicon prototypes. Recent research efforts have shown how to reuse the constraints from pre-silicon verification to support post-silicon constrained-random validation. The objective is to subject the prototype to a large volume of random, yet functionally-compliant stimuli. In this paper, we present a new method that facilitates on-chip stimuli generation compliant to constraints with weighted distributions.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129665793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cache timing attacks countermeasures and error detection in Euclidean addition chains based scalar multiplication algorithm for elliptic curves","authors":"Fangan-Yssouf Dosso, P. Véron","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046212","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we improved the method proposed in [1] which was designed to detect errors in the elliptic curve scalar multiplication algorithm (ECSM). The algorithm we propose is SPA-secure and safe against recent data and instruction cache timing attacks.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127101042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of radiation-induced cross domain errors in TMR architectures on SRAM-based FPGAs","authors":"L. Sterpone, L. Boragno","doi":"10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS.2017.8046214","url":null,"abstract":"SRAM-Based FPGAs represent a low-cost alternative to ASIC device thanks to their high performance and design flexibility. In particular, for aerospace and avionics application fields, SRAM-based FPGAs are increasingly adopted for their configurability features making them a viable solution for long-time applications. However, these fields are characterized by a radiation environment that makes the technology extremely sensitive to radiation-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs) in the SRAM-based FPGA's configuration memory. Configuration scrubbing and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) have been widely adopted in order to cope with SEU effects. However, modern FPGA devices are characterized by a heterogeneous routing resource distribution and a complex configuration memory mapping causing an increasing sensitivity to Cross Domain Errors affecting the TMR structure. In this paper we developed a new methodology to calculate the reliability of TMR architecture considering the intrinsic characteristics of the new generation of SRAM-based FPGAs. The method includes the analysis of the configuration bit sharing phenomena and of the routing long lines. We experimentally evaluate the method of various benchmark circuits evaluating the Mean Upset To Failure (MUTF). Finally, we used the results of the developed method to implement an improved design achieving 29x improvement of the MUTF.","PeriodicalId":233462,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121663577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}