Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Environmental and Social Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Severe Tungiasis and Scabies in the State of Ceará, Brazil: An Ecological Study.","authors":"Nathiel Silva, Carlos Henrique Alencar, Jorg Heukelbach","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050135","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scabies and tungiasis are skin-related neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) associated with poverty and poor living conditions. We performed an ecological study covering a state in northeast Brazil to identify socio-economic and environmental factors associated with the occurrence of severe scabies and severe tungiasis, respectively. Data on disease occurrence on the municipality level were derived from a previous study based on online questionnaires. A total of 47 (26.0%) of the 181 state's municipalities reported severe tungiasis, and 113 (62.4%) severe scabies. Municipalities with occurrence of severe tungiasis were characterized by higher annual rainfalls (median = 883 mm vs. 741 mm; <i>p</i> = 0.037), higher minimum temperatures (median = 23.4 °C vs. 22.7 °C; <i>p</i> = 0.002), higher aridity indices indicating more humid climates (median = 45.1 vs. 50.6; <i>p</i> = 0.019), lower altitudes (median = 88.8 m vs. 201 m; <i>p</i> < 0.001), higher mean air humidity (66.5% vs. 63%; <i>p</i> = 0.018), and better socioeconomic indices (Municipal Human Development Index [MHDI]-median = 0.616 vs. 0.611; <i>p</i> = 0.048/MHDI Longevity-mean = 0.769 vs. 0.759; <i>p</i> = 0.007/Municipal Development Index [MDI]-median = 27.5 vs. 21.8; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Municipalities with predominant luvisol soil characteristics had a lower risk for severe tungiasis (RR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.27-0.79; <i>p</i> = 0.003), whereas municipalities with predominant gleysols had a significantly higher risk (RR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.43-4.15; <i>p</i> = 0.010). Municipalities with occurrence of severe scabies were characterized by significantly higher annual rainfalls (median = 804 mm vs. 708 mm; <i>p</i> = 0.001), higher minimum temperatures (23.1 °C vs. 22.3 °C; <i>p</i> < 0.001), higher aridity index (median = 48.2 vs. 41.9; <i>p</i> = 0.014), higher air humidity (65.9% vs. 61%; <i>p</i> = 0.001), lower altitudes (median = 153 m vs. 246 m; <i>p</i> = 0.003), and better socio-economic indicators (MHDI-median = 0.616 vs. 608; <i>p</i>= 0.012/MHDI Education-mean = 0.559 vs. 0.541; <i>p</i> = 0.014/MDI-median = 24.3 vs. 21.1; <i>p</i> = 0.005). In multivariate regression analysis, MDI remained significantly associated with the presence of severe tungiasis in the final model (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the presence of severe scabies with minimum temperature (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.24; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and aridity index (RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01; <i>p</i> = 0.004). Our study underscores the importance of environmental and socioeconomic factors for the occurrence of severe scabies and tungiasis in a semi-arid climatic context, offering a perspective for identification of high-risk areas, and providing evidence for the control of skin NTDs withina One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Singano et al. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human-Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. <i>Trop. Med. Infect. Dis.</i> 2025, <i>10</i>, 95.","authors":"Nathan Singano, Henson Kainga, Elisha Chatanga, Joseph Nkhoma, Gilson Njunga, Julius Chulu, Rabecca Tembo, Hirofumi Sawa, Walter Muleya","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050133","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There was an error in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Lipid Profile Secondary to Asymptomatic Malaria in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa: A Retrospective Analysis of a 2010-2022 Cohort.","authors":"Diego Gayoso-Cantero, María Dolores Corbacho-Loarte, Clara Crespillo-Andújar, Sandra Chamorro-Tojeiro, Francesca Norman, Jose A Perez-Molina, Marta González-Sanz, Oihane Martín, José Miguel Rubio, Beatriz Gullón-Peña, Laura Del Campo Albendea, Rogelio López-Vélez, Begoña Monge-Maillo","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050134","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Altered lipid profiles have been observed in acute malaria, though mechanisms remain unclear. The impact of asymptomatic submicroscopic malaria infection (AMI) on lipids is unexploredAn observational, comparative, retrospective study was conducted of 1278 asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African migrants (ASSAMs) screened for malaria and lipid profiles during health exams (2010-2022). A systematic screening protocol for infectious disease was performed, including screening for <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Among 800 ASSAMs screened for malaria, 104 (13%) were PCR-positive: <i>P. falciparum</i> (68.72%), <i>P. malariae</i> (18.27%), <i>P. ovale</i> (9.62%), and mixed infections (3.8%). Participants with AMIs exhibited lower baseline lipid levels: total cholesterol (146 vs. 163 mg/dL; <i>p</i> < 0.001), HDL (43 vs. 47 mg/dL; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and LDL (87.5 vs. 98 mg/dL; <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no differences in triglycerides. After treatment, lipid levels partially equalized: total cholesterol (156 vs. 166; <i>p</i> = 0.01), HDL (44 vs. 47.5; <i>p</i> = 0.05), LDL (102 vs. 108.5; <i>p</i> = 0.31), with no changes in triglycerides. Patients with AMI showed higher rates of co-infections (Strongyloides 20.61% vs. 14.35%; <i>p</i> < 0.001; filariae 7.69% vs. 1.91%; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and lower mean corpuscular volume (87.2 vs. 85; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that cholesterol reductions in AMI are not solely due to acute inflammation but may reflect chronic inflammatory processes triggered by asymptomatic malaria. This supports a potential link between AMI and lipid profile changes, underscoring its role in subclinical chronic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Interventions Under \"National Action Plan for Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) in India\": Challenges, Lessons Learnt and Way Forward for Stakeholders Participatory Approach.","authors":"Ajit Dadaji Shewale, Dipti Mishra, Simmi Tiwari, Tushar Nanasaheb Nale, Jitesh Kuwatada, Nidhi Khandelwal","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050132","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakebite envenoming remains a critical yet underrecognized public health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, with India bearing nearly half of the global burden of snakebite-related deaths. Despite its significant impact, underreporting, delayed medical intervention, and insufficiently trained healthcare professionals continue to exacerbate the problem. In response, the Government of India launched the National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE) in March 2024, aiming to halve snakebite-related deaths by 2030. Key challenges during the development and implementation of NAPSE included the limited multisectoral engagement initially, variations in state-level capacities, and logistical barriers in reaching remote populations. Lessons learned include the value of early stakeholder consultations, the importance of inter-ministerial collaboration, and the need for continuous community engagement. This comprehensive strategy emphasizes strengthening surveillance systems, enhancing anti-snake venom (ASV) distribution and quality, improving healthcare infrastructure, and promoting community awareness through a One Health approach. The plan also addresses critical challenges such as inadequate training at primary healthcare levels, inconsistent ASV supply, and inefficient emergency referral systems. By fostering multisectoral collaboration and targeted interventions, such as strengthening Regional Venom Centres and establishing Poison Information Centre, targeted training, and awareness campaigns, NAPSE aims to reduce mortality and disability associated with snakebite envenoming, aligning with global health objectives and setting an example for regional efforts in Southeast Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of the Brixia Radiological Score in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study from Romania.","authors":"George-Cosmin Popovici, Costinela-Valerica Georgescu, Alina Condratovici Plesea, Anca-Adriana Arbune, Gutu Cristian, Manuela Arbune","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050130","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, has a variable clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to critical forms. High mortality and morbidity rates have been associated with risk factors such as comorbidities, age, sex, and virulence factors specific to viral variants. Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated imaging characteristics using the Brixia radiological score in relation to favorable or unfavorable outcomes in adult patients. We included COVID-19 cases, admitted between 2020 and 2022, in a specialized pulmonology hospital with no intensive care unit. We analyzed 380 virologically confirmed COVID-19 cases, with a mean age of 52.8 ± 13.02 years. The mean Brixia radiological score at admission was 5.13 ± 3.56, reflecting predominantly mild-to-moderate pulmonary involvement. Multivariate analysis highlighted the utility of this score as a predictive marker for COVID-19 prognosis, with values >5 correlating with other severity biomarkers, NEWS-2 scores, and a lack of vaccination and hospitalization delay of more than 6 days from symptom onset. Summarizing, the Brixia score is itself an effective tool for screening COVID-19 cases at risk of death for early recognition of clinical deterioration and for decisions regarding appropriate care settings. Promoting vaccination can reduce the severity of radiological lesions, thereby decreasing the risk of death. Technologies based on artificial intelligence could optimize diagnosis and management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Predicting Late Leprosy Diagnosis by Physical Disability Grade in Brazil (2018-2022).","authors":"Lucia Rolim Santana de Freitas, José Antônio Oliveira de Freitas, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Elisabeth Carmen Duarte","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050131","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severity of physical disability at leprosy diagnosis reflects the timeliness of case detection and the effectiveness of disease surveillance. This study evaluates machine learning models to predict factors associated with late leprosy diagnosis-defined as grade 2 physical disability (G2D)-in Brazil from 2018 to 2022. Using an observational cross-sectional design, we analyzed data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and trained four machine learning models: Random Forest, LightGBM, CatBoost, XGBoost, and an Ensemble model. Model performance was assessed through accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), recall, precision, F1 score, specificity, and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC). An increasing trend in G2D prevalence was observed, averaging 11.6% over the study period and rising to 13.1% in 2022. The Ensemble model and LightGBM demonstrated the highest predictive performance, particularly in the north and northeast regions (accuracy: 0.85, AUC-ROC: 0.93, recall: 0.90, F1 score: 0.83, MCC: 0.70), with similar results in other regions. Key predictors of G2D included the number of nerves affected, clinical form, education level, and case detection mode. These findings underscore the potential of machine learning to enhance early detection strategies and reduce the burden of disability in leprosy, particularly in regions with persistent health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case for Genomic Surveillance in Africa.","authors":"Rachel Ochola","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050129","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sub-Saharan Africa has made remarkable strides in genomic surveillance, with more than 50% of countries now equipped with an in-country sequencing capacity and 98% actively contributing data to public genomic repositories. Catalyzed by the momentum of the COVID-19 pandemic, these advancements have extended far beyond SARS-CoV-2 to address a broader spectrum of public health threats, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other emerging infectious diseases. This review explores these transformative achievements, identifies remaining gaps, and outlines strategic priorities for embedding genomics into the continent's health systems. With a focus on sustainability, equity, and cross-sector collaboration, it positions Africa as a driver of global innovation in pathogen surveillance, uniquely leveraging its genetic and epidemiological diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in War Casualties.","authors":"Diana Isabela Costescu Strachinaru, Céline Ragot, Anke Stoefs, Nicolas Donat, Pierre-Michel François, Peter Vanbrabant, Alexia Verroken, Frédéric Janvier, Patrick Soentjens","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050128","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical issue for both civilians and the military. With each successive conflict, pathogens become more resistant, making the management of infections in casualties increasingly challenging. To better understand the scope and characteristics of conflict-related AMR, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database in April 2025, using defined search terms related to war casualties and antimicrobial resistance. We screened and included 117 relevant publications, comprising original research articles, reviews, case series, case reports, editorials, and commentaries, published in English or French, with no date restriction. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on multidrug-resistant bacteria most commonly isolated from war casualties, their associated resistance mechanisms, and the microbiological diagnostic tools available at various levels of the military continuum of care (Roles 1-4). It also presents strategies for preventing cross-contamination and infection in resource-limited combat settings and provides practical, field-adapted recommendations for clinicians, from first responders to specialized care providers, aiming to improve infection management in armed conflict zones and mitigate the spread of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, Disease Spectrum, and Outcomes of Tuberculous Meningitis in South African Children: The Initial Impact of COVID-19.","authors":"Victoria E Namukuta, Mariette Smith, Danite Bester, Magriet van Niekerk, Regan Solomons, Ronald van Toorn, Hendrik Simon Schaaf, James A Seddon, Helena Rabie, Mary-Ann Davies, Anneke C Hesseling, Karen du Preez","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050127","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a very severe form of childhood tuberculosis (TB), requiring hospitalisation for diagnosis. We investigated trends in admission, disease spectrum, outcomes, and healthcare system factors in children with TBM managed at a tertiary referral hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (<13 years) with TBM admitted from 2017 to 2021. An innovative surveillance algorithm was used to identify all possible TBM episodes using integrated electronic health data. Episodes were clinically verified and data were extracted using medical records. A total of 263 children (median age 2.2 years; IQR: 1.1-5.1), 17 (6.5%) living with HIV were admitted with TBM during 2017 to 2021. There was a significant reduction in TBM admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic (IRR: 0.57, 95% CI:0.39-0.84), particularly in children < 2 years (IRR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.62). BCG vaccination was documented in 137/263 (52.1%) and 10/87 (11.5%) eligible children who initiated TB preventive therapy. During the pandemic, children with TBM were significantly more likely to be living with HIV (aOR: 4.01, 95% CI: 1.39-11.62). COVID-19 was associated with a significant reduction in the number of young children admitted with TBM. Many missed opportunities to prevent TBM were identified regardless of COVID-19. Paediatric TBM surveillance is a useful marker to monitor epidemiological trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and 30-Day Mortality in Intubated COVID-19 Patients with Invasive Fungal Infections: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Hung Manh Than, Thang Van Dao, Truong Van Cao, Tuyen Van Duong, Thach Ngoc Pham, Cap Trung Nguyen, Phu Dinh Vu, Nam Van Le, Binh Nhu Do, Phuong Viet Nguyen, Ha Nhi Vu, Duong Minh Vu","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10050124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections (CAIFIs) contribute to increased mortality and morbidity rates. This study explores the epidemiology, laboratory parameters, radiological characteristics, treatments, and 30-day mortality risks of CAIFI in critically ill intubated patients while also evaluating factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in this population. Adults admitted to a tertiary hospital from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022 who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19, required invasive mechanical ventilation, and developed invasive fungal infection (IFI) during hospitalization were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Among 150 patients, 65 (43.3%) required PMV, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 64%. <i>Candida albicans</i> (47%) and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (27%) were the most prevalent pathogens. Multivariate analysis revealed that COVID-19 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.155, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 0.029-0.835, <i>p</i> = 0.030) and higher serum protein levels (aOR = 0.900, 95% CI = 0.819-0.989, <i>p</i> = 0.028) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of PMV. Meanwhile, elevated glucose levels (hazard ratio, HR = 1.047, 95% CI = 1.003-1.093, <i>p</i> = 0.036) and an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 1.024, 95% CI = 1.009-1.039, <i>p</i> = 0.002) were correlated with a greater 30-day mortality risk. Tracheostomy emerged as a protective factor, significantly reducing the risk of 30-day mortality (HR = 0.273, 95% CI = 0.127-0.589, <i>p</i> = 0.001). In this single-center study, patients with CAIFI exhibit a high mortality rate. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for IFI in critically ill COVID-19 patients with mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12115372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}