Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Treatment-Decision Algorithm of Child TB: Evaluation of WHO Algorithm and Development of Indonesia Algorithm.","authors":"Rina Triasih, Finny Fitry Yani, Diah Asri Wulandari, Betty Weri Yolanda Nababan, Muhammad Buston Ardiyamustaqim, Fransiska Meyanti, Sang Ayu Kompiyang Indriyani, Tiffany Tiara Pakasi, Ery Olivianto","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical algorithms for child tuberculosis (TB) are a valuable guide for healthcare workers to initiate treatment. We evaluated the agreement of pediatric TB diagnosis using the current Indonesia diagnostic algorithms with the 2022 WHO treatment decision algorithm and developed a new Indonesia algorithm for child TB based upon our findings and expert opinion. We conducted a retrospective study at 10 hospitals in Indonesia, involving children (0-10 years), who were evaluated for TB diagnosis in 2022. A panel of child TB experts used participants' records to make a diagnosis using the 2022 WHO algorithm and the 2016 Indonesian algorithm. We assessed agreement between the diagnosis made by the attending doctor and those determined by the expert panel. A new Indonesia guideline was developed based on the findings and consensus of various stakeholders. Of 523 eligible children, 371 (70.9%) were diagnosed with TB by the attending doctors, 295 (56.4%) by the WHO algorithm, and 246 (47%) by the Indonesia algorithm. The Cohen's Kappa of TB diagnosis was: attending doctor vs. WHO algorithm (0.27), attending doctor vs. Indonesia algorithm (0.45), and WHO algorithm vs. Indonesia algorithm (0.42). A review of both algorithms revealed challenges for implementation. An algorithmic approach for child TB diagnosis may not be universally applicable or implementable due to variable access to diagnostic tests and the wide variety of clinical presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antimicrobial Resistance-Water-Corporate Interface: Exploring the Connections Between Antimicrobials, Water, and Pollution.","authors":"Jason P Burnham","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is a public health emergency, with ten million deaths estimated annually by the year 2050. Water systems are an important medium for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance from a variety of sources, explored in this perspective review. Hospital wastewater and wastewater systems more broadly are breeding grounds for antibiotic resistance because of the nature of their waste and how it is processed. Corporations from various sectors contribute to antibiotic resistance in many direct and indirect ways. Pharmaceutical factory runoff, agricultural antibiotic use, agricultural use of nitrogen fertilizers, heavy metal pollution, air pollution (atmospheric deposition, burning of oil and/or fossil fuels), plastic/microplastic pollution, and oil/petroleum spills/pollution have all been demonstrated to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Mitigation strategies to reduce these pathways to antibiotic resistance are discussed and future directions hypothesized.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Machine Learning Approach to Predict Snakebite Envenoming Outcomes Among Patients Attending the Snakebite Treatment and Research Hospital in Kaltungo, Northeastern Nigeria.","authors":"Nicholas Amani Hamman, Aashna Uppal, Nuhu Mohammed, Abubakar Saidu Ballah, Danimoh Mustapha Abdulsalam, Frank Mela Dangabar, Nuhu Barde, Bello Abdulkadir, Suraj Abdullahi Abdulkarim, Habu Dahiru, Idris Mohammed, Trudie Lang, Joshua Abubakar Difa","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Snakebite Treatment and Research Hospital (SBTRH) is a leading centre for snakebite envenoming care and research in sub-Saharan Africa, treating over 2500 snakebite patients annually. Despite routine data collection, routine analyses are seldom conducted to identify trends or guide clinical practices. This study retrospectively analyzes 1022 snakebite cases at SBTRH from January to June 2024. Most patients were adults (62%) and were predominantly male (72%). Key factors such as age, sex, and time between bite and hospital presentation were associated with outcomes, including recovery, amputation, debridement, and death. Adult males who took more than four hours to arrive to hospital were identified as a high-risk group for poor outcomes. Using patient characteristics, an XGBoost model was developed and was compared to Random Forest and logistic regression models. In general, all models had high positive predictive value and low sensitivity, meaning that if they predicted a patient to experience amputation, debridement, or death, that patient almost always actually experienced amputation, debridement, or death; however, most models rarely made this prediction. The XGBoost model with all features was optimal, given that it had both a high positive predictive value and relatively high sensitivity. This may be of significance to resource-limited settings like SBTRH, where antivenoms can be scarce; however, more research is needed to build better predictive models. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and further research and integration of machine-learning-driven decision support tools in low-resource-limited clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in a Reactive Blood Bank Sample in Sonora, Mexico.","authors":"Idalia Paredes-Sotelo, Mónica Reséndiz-Sandoval, Adriana Garibay-Escobar, Edgar Alfonso Paredes-González, Aracely Angulo-Molina, Angel Ramos-Ligonio, Eric Dumonteil, Claudia Herrera, Olivia Valenzuela","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease is a neglected disease caused by the parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, a public health problem in both endemic and non-endemic countries. In Mexico, the southern region is considered endemic, and cases are frequently reported; however, in the northwestern region, only a few cases are confirmed annually. This study describes, for the first time, the Discrete Typing Unit (DTU) of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in a volunteer blood donor rejected for being reactive in the northwestern region of Mexico. Seroreactivity was confirmed using \"in-house\" ELISAs which employed three different antigens: total extract from <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> isolated from a vector (<i>Triatoma rubida</i>) from Sonora (strain T1), strain H1 and CL-Brener. The molecular characterization of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> was conducted by amplifying satellite DNA by qPCR and posterior sequencing of the mini-exon gene, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to enhance the accuracy of genetic characterization. The results show that the reactive status of this blood donor was confirmed using our in-house ELISAs, and the presence of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> by detecting TcI DTU confirmed the infection status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Among Child and Adolescent Household Contacts in Ethiopia.","authors":"Eshetu Abelti, Zewdu Dememew, Asfawesen Gebreyohannes, Yohannes Alemayehu, Tilay Terfassa, Taye Janfa, Degu Jerene, Pedro Suarez, Daniel Datiko","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are limited studies on the community-based outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among children and adolescent contacts <15 years in Ethiopia. Our objective was to assess TPT uptake and completion rates among eligible under-15-year-old TB household contacts through an enhanced community-based model of interventions. The study was conducted between July 2021 and June 2022 in twenty primary health care units in the Sidama and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) regions. A total of 4367 (99.2%) household contacts of 1069 bacteriologically confirmed PTB index cases were symptomatically screened for TB by trained health extension workers (HEWs) at the community level. A total of 696 (15.9%) symptomatic contacts were identified, of which 694 (99.7%) were evaluated for TB, resulting in 60 (8.6%) TB cases. A total of 1567 (95.3%) asymptomatic children and adolescent contacts <15 years of age were initiated on TPT (88.8%) at health posts in the community. After the interventions, there was a significant increase in contact screening coverage (95.6% vs. 99.2%, Odds Ratio (OR), 5.54; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 2.93-10.13) and TPT uptake (81.7% vs. 95.4%; OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.54-8.23). The TPT completion rate was also 98.1% (of 1567). The TPT completion rate at health posts in the community was higher than the rate at health centers (99.4% vs. 88.0%; OR, 20.95; 95% CI, 8.97-52.71). TPT uptake and completion in children and adolescent contacts could be improved remarkably with the implementation of an enhanced community-based model of intervention in high-TB-burden districts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the Cycle of Echinococcosis: A Mathematical Modeling Approach.","authors":"Richard Lagos, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez-Jara, Beatriz Cancino-Faure, Leidy Yissedt Lara-Díaz, Ignacio Barradas, Andrei González-Galeano","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a mathematical model of the transmission and spread of the <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> parasite. The model incorporates host mobility, laws governing the dynamics of Echinococcosis transmission between hosts, and control and prevention measures. The basic reproductive number of the proposed model is calculated, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the parameters that most influence the dynamics of transmission and spread of the disease among its hosts. The study evaluates two control strategies-dog deworming and sheep vaccination-based on their respective target reproductive numbers. The impact of these control and prevention measures is investigated through numerical simulations, which reveal that the dog deworming strategy consistently reduces infections in humans. In contrast, the sheep vaccination strategy demonstrates a more favorable scenario for disease eradication in both hosts. In addition, simulations show a close relationship between the early detection of the disease and the recovery of the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of Ratios of Inflammatory Markers in the Prognosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.","authors":"Mürşit Hasbek, Yasemin Çakır Kıymaz, Seyit Ali Büyüktuna, Hayrettin Yavuz","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease, causing clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal viral hemorrhagic fever. Throughout the course of CCHF, the levels of certain biomarkers, such as platelets (PLTs), white blood cells (WBCs), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), may vary, decreasing below or rising above normal limits. This study aimed to investigate the role of parameters such as WBC/PLT, WBC/IL-6, WBC/CRP, and WBC/D-dimer ratios in predicting disease prognosis in patients diagnosed with CCHF. The study population consisted of 60 CCHF patients and 30 controls. Statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin (HGB), PLT, WBC, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen, and d-dimer values between the patients and controls. Statistically significant differences were observed in WBC/aPTT, WBC/fibrinogen, WBC/D-dimer, and WBC/IL-6 values between the patient and control groups. WBC/INR and WBC/fibrinogen values were lower in fatal cases compared to survivors. WBC/D-dimer and WBC/IL-6 values, on the other hand, were higher in fatal cases compared to survivors. In patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU), WBC/PLT, WBC/INR, WBC/aPTT, and WBC/fibrinogen values were higher compared to those who did not. However, WBC/D-dimer and WBC/IL-6 values were lower in patients requiring ICU compared to those who did not.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV Genotype Trends in Iran: Necessity for a Reevaluation of Prevention Strategies.","authors":"Maryam Shahi, Azam Shafaei, Mohamad Ghodsi, Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani, Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is critical for preventing and managing HPV-related health issues, including cancers. This study re-evaluates HPV genotype trends in Iran to inform prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of HPV genotyping data from individuals tested at the ACECR Khorasan Razavi molecular laboratory in Iran (2016-2022) was conducted, with a forecast of genotype trends through 2027.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5009 female patients, 40.4% tested positive for HPV (mean age: 32 ± 8.77 years), with a significant upward trend in positivity over time (tau = 0.905, <i>p</i> = 0.0069). HPV 6, 11, 16, 31, 53, and 54 showed significant increases (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while HPV 66, 84, 67, and 35 exhibited notable trends (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HPV 18 and 33 had marginal trends (<i>p</i> = 0.065, <i>p</i> = 0.052), and HPV 68, 70, and 82 remained stable. Linear regression indicated a non-significant decline in low-risk HPV cases (R = 0.703, <i>p</i> = 0.078) and negligible change in high-risk cases (R = 0.052, <i>p</i> = 0.912). Forecasts predicted increases in HPV 84, 54, 43, 42, and 26, with HPV 6 projected to decrease significantly. HPV 44, 73, and 33 were expected to remain stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While low-risk HPV cases may decline, the trend lacks statistical significance, and high-risk HPV cases show no change. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies in Iran, particularly for high-risk genotypes, to reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers. Further research is essential to validate these trends and refine public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in Morocco: Nurses' Knowledge of Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and Their Involvement in Vaccine Vigilance.","authors":"Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Manar Aarrad, Abdelmounaim Manoussi, Youssef Baba Khouya, Fatine Hadrya, Mohamed Chahboune, Amina Barkat","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial role of nurses in managing health crises, particularly in implementing vaccination campaigns launched in many countries worldwide. This descriptive study assesses nurses' knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines and their involvement in vaccine vigilance. Conducted over four months in 2022 among 200 primary healthcare nurses in the Fès-Meknès region, the data were collected using a questionnaire developed and validated by a multidisciplinary team. The results show that 60% of participants self-reported being unaware of the nature of COVID-19 vaccines, and 49.5% did not understand the concept of vaccine pharmacovigilance. Additionally, 76.5% had not received any pharmacovigilance training in this pandemic context, 80% had never been in contact with pharmacovigilance centers, and 48.5% expressed a need for training in this field. One-third of the participants were unaware of severe adverse effects. The most frequently reported adverse effects were fever (76.5%), malaise (73%), and anxiety (63%). These results highlight the importance of strengthening continuous training and improving the coordination among various healthcare sector stakeholders to reduce vaccine hesitancy, enhance healthcare expertise, and ensure the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns during current and future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Laura López-Diago, Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz, Óscar Pérez-Olaso, Diego Sala-Trull, Alba Del Rio-González, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Manuel Sánchez-Urbano, Paloma Satorres-Martinez, Juan Casanova-Suarez, Cristina Notari-Rodriguez, Raquel Ruiz-Puig, Gema Badenes-Marques, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Carmen Domènech-León, Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia, Alberto Arnedo-Pena","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A deficient vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, severity, and mortality. However, this status related to SARS-CoV-2 reinfections has been studied little. Our aim was to quantify the risk of reinfections considering VitD status before reinfection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a population-based prospective cohort study in Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) during 2020-2023, measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels by electrochemiluminescence. Cox proportional hazards models were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of a total of 644 SARS-CoV-2 cases with confirmed laboratory tests, 378 (58.9%) were included in our study, with an average age of 38.8 years; 241 were females (63.8%), and 127 reinfections occurred (33.6%). SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rates per 1000 person-days by VitD status were 0.50 for a deficient status (<20 ng/mL), 0.50 for an insufficient status (20-29 ng/mL), and 0.37 for a sufficient status (≥30 ng/mL). Compared with a sufficient VitD status, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-3.59) for a deficient status and 1.59 (95% CI 1.06-2.38) for an insufficient status with a significant inverse dose-response (<i>p</i> = 0.02). These results can help improve nutritional actions against SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that a VitD status lower than 30 ng/mL showed a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Achieving and maintaining a sufficient VitD status is recommended to prevent reinfections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}