Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. Among Patients in Guilan, Northern Iran.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Zahra Naemi, Meysam Sharifdini, Nozhat Zebardast, Somayeh Abbaszadeh, Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080227","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Blastocystis</i> sp. is an anaerobic intestinal protozoan with extensive genetic diversity and controversial pathogenicity. The distribution and molecular subtypes of this entity in Guilan province, northern Iran, remain under-investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular subtypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. in Rasht, Guilan Province, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study (2023-2024), 300 stool samples were collected from patients referred to the medical laboratory at Razi Hospital. Microscopic examination and PCR amplification targeting the SSU rDNA gene were performed. Sequencing was performed on the positive isolates, and subtyping was achieved through BLAST alignment and subsequent phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. was 12.3% (<i>n</i> = 37). No significant associations were found between infection and age, sex, or place of residence (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Molecular characterisation (23.08%). No statistically significant correlation was observed between subtypes and clinical symptoms, although ST1 and ST7 were more frequently detected in symptomatic individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Blastocystis</i> sp. showed notable subtype diversity in the studied population, including the potentially zoonotic ST7. However, no significant association was found between subtypes and clinical manifestations. These findings support sustained molecular epidemiological surveillance and larger-scale studies to clarify subtype-specific pathogenesis and transmission dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Barriers to Uptake of TB Preventive Treatment Among People Living with HIV in Zimbabwe: A Qualitative Assessment of Healthcare Workers' Perspectives.","authors":"Tawanda Mapuranga, Collins Timire, Ronald T Ncube, Sithabiso Dube, Nqobile Mlilo, Cynthia Chiteve, Owen Mugurungi, Tsitsi Mutasa-Apollo, Fungai Kavenga, Clorata Gwanzura, Manners Ncube, Nicholas Siziba, Selma Dar Berger, Talent Maphosa, Macarthur Charles, Riitta A Dlodlo, Julia Ershova","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080225","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at an increased risk of progressing from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (TB) infection to TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for PLHIV; however, its uptake remains suboptimal. In Zimbabwe, three months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP) and six months of daily isoniazid (6H) are the most commonly prescribed TPT regimens. We explored barriers to TPT uptake among PLHIV from the perspective of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Zimbabwe. Facility nurses who had been implementing TPT for at least six months were invited to participate in in-depth interviews and/or focus group discussions conducted in March 2023. Audio recordings were transcribed into English, coded using NVivo 12 (QSR International), and analyzed thematically. Eleven HCWs participated in in-depth interviews and 15 in focus group discussions. Barriers were categorized as person- and health system-related. Person-related barriers included misconceptions about TPT, fear of adverse events, and pill burden. Health system barriers included stock-outs of TPT medications, limited HCW knowledge and skills to promote TPT, limited expertise in initiating TPT among children under five years of age, and limited access to chest radiography. Barriers to TPT uptake and completion remain in Zimbabwe and contribute to missed opportunities for TB prevention among PLHIV. TPT implementation could be strengthened through an uninterrupted supply of TPT medications, continuous training and mentorship of HCWs, and community engagement to improve awareness of the benefits and risks of TPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting the Property of a New Series of 1,2,3-Triazole Compounds as Inhibitors of In Vivo and In Vitro Toxic Effects Caused by <i>Bothrops jararacussu</i> Snake Venom.","authors":"Aldo Rodrigues da Silva, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva, Eladio Flores Sanchez, Gabriel Alves Souto de Aquino, Vitor Francisco Ferreira, Sabrina Baptista Ferreira, André Lopes Fuly","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080224","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Snake bite envenomation is a neglected disease that affects impoverished and rural areas, causing deaths and physical sequelae. (2) Objective: A novel series of eight 1,2,3-triazole compounds, AM50, AM51, AM52, AM53, AM54, AM55, AM56, and AM57, were synthesized and assessed as inhibitors of toxic activities of <i>B. jararacussu</i> venom. Methods: <i>B. jararacussu</i> venom was pre-incubated with each of the compounds and after the coagulant, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, edematogenic, and lethal activities were assessed. The structure of compounds was analyzed by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques, and toxicity was predicted through OSIRIS and SwissADME. (3) Results: AM56 and AM57 inhibited the plasma coagulant and prevented hemorrhagic activity of the venom. Proteolysis and hemorrhage were inhibited by AM52, AM54, AM55, and AM56 (20-30%), as well as AM50, AM51, and AM57 (30-60%). AM57 fully protected the mice from death caused by venom, and AM50, AM53-AM57 inhibited edema of venom by 10-20%; AM51 and AM52 did not inhibit edema. In silico analysis of compounds revealed satisfactory parameters for drug discovery. (4) Conclusions: 1,2,3-triazole compounds inhibited the major toxic activities of <i>B. jararacussu</i> venom and should be considered as a lead for further investigation as adjunct of antivenom therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance-Related Mortality from <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>-Associated Lower Respiratory Infections: A GBD 2021 Analysis, 1990-2021.","authors":"Hongquan Chen, Shiyi Wang, Min Yuan, Zhiguo Liu, Zhenjun Li","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080222","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) is a leading cause of hospital- and community-acquired lower respiratory infections (LRI). The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially carbapenem-resistant strains (CRKP), poses a serious global health threat. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we estimated AMR-related mortality for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>-associated LRI across regions from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis identified temporal trends. Global mortality declined overall, with a 70% reduction in under-5 deaths but a doubling among adults over 70 years. Deaths associated with and attributable to AMR decreased by 18.9% and 4.5%, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) fell by nearly 50%. In contrast, the mortality burden associated with carbapenem resistance increased markedly, with AMR-associated deaths rising by 157% and disproportionately affecting high-burden regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Despite overall progress, the increasing mortality burden associated with carbapenem resistance in <i>K. pneumoniae</i>-associated LRI poses a critical and persistent global health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venomics of the Anchor Coral Snake <i>Micrurus ancoralis</i>: Composition, Toxicological Profile, and Neutralization by Commercial Antivenom.","authors":"Paola Rey-Suárez, Jonard David Echavarría-Rentería, Jeisson Gómez-Robles, Jaime Andrés Pereañez, Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Bruno Lomonte, Julián Fernández, Vitelbina Núñez","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080223","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coral snakes of the American continent are classified into two genera, <i>Micruroides</i> and <i>Micrurus</i>, with as many as 91 species recognized in the latter. Although envenomings caused by <i>Micrurus</i> are rare, they can be life-threatening due to neurotoxic effects leading to flaccid paralysis and potential respiratory failure. <i>Micrurus ancoralis</i> is found in the Pacific lowlands and along the western slope of the cordillera occidental Cordillera in Colombia. Although this species is relatively common within its distribution range, its phylogenetic position and the characterization of its venom have not been investigated. The results of phylogenetic analysis placed <i>M. ancoralis</i> within the triadal/bicolor clade of species with the characteristic triad pattern and group bicolor. Proteomic characterization of the venom showed predominance of phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) enzymes in its composition, with 51.7% of the total protein content, followed by three-finger toxins (3FTxs; 23.2%) and lower proportions of proteins belonging to several other minor families. Out of 28 chromatographic venom fractions obtained, the seven most abundant were evaluated for toxicity, with three of them (F7, identified as a 3FTx, and F18 and F20 (both identified as PLA₂s)) showing lethal activity by the intraperitoneal route in mice. The PLA₂ activity of F20 was confirmed and its edema-inducing, myotoxic, and lethal effects in mice were demonstrated. A therapeutic equine anti-coral antivenom (INS, Colombia) against coral snake envenomings immunorecognized the whole venom and its fractions in ELISA tests and was able to neutralize 2 × LD₅₀ (medial lethal dose) of <i>M. ancoralis</i> venom by preincubation, with an estimated potency of at least 0.2 mg venom/mL antivenom. This result suggests that envenomings by <i>M. ancoralis</i> could be effectively treated by this antivenom.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: Perspectives of People Living with HIV and Healthcare Professionals.","authors":"Nelsensius Klau Fauk","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080220","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for preventing HIV transmission and improving the health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, many barriers limit PLHIV from starting and adhering to ART, which explains why HIV responses in many settings, including Indonesia, have produced limited gains. This qualitative phenomenological study explored multilevel barriers to ART adherence in urban Yogyakarta (locally known as Jogja) and rural Belu, Indonesia, from the perspectives of PLHIV and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 92 PLHIV and 20 HCPs. Participants were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data were analysed using framework analysis informed by the Access to Healthcare Framework. The findings showed that PLHIV in Belu and Jogja had different experiences in terms of the provision of and ability to access and adhere to ART or HIV treatment. In rural Belu, ART was less available and visible, harder to approach, often unaffordable, less aligned with patients' needs, and strongly influenced by the widespread use of traditional medicine. PLHIV in Belu also reported a more limited ability to perceive the need for ART, reach services, pay costs, engage in care, and seek ART than those in urban Jogja. Personal, psychological, and social barriers were also reported to hinder PLHIV's ART adherence in both settings. These findings highlight the need for HIV policies that promote the equitable distribution of ART services and targeted interventions to improve understanding and acceptance of HIV care among PLHIV and the wider community.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya Vaccines in Travel Medicine: From Regulatory Approval to Real-World Challenges.","authors":"Yann Hervigo, Cornelia Staehelin, Olivia Veit, François Chappuis, Gilles Eperon, Stefano Musumeci","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080221","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is an emerging disease of growing concern to international travelers due to the expanding geographic distribution of competent vectors, climate change, and frequent outbreaks in endemic and previously unaffected regions. Until recently, prevention relied exclusively on vector control and bite prevention; however, the recent approval of chikungunya vaccines has introduced a new preventive strategy. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a narrative review of currently licensed chikungunya vaccines and candidates in clinical development, focusing on immunogenicity, safety, regulatory status, and implications for travel medicine practice. <b>Results:</b> Two vaccines have recently received regulatory approval: the live-attenuated vaccine IXCHIQ^® and the virus-like particle vaccine Vimkunya^®. Both demonstrated high immunogenicity based on neutralizing antibody thresholds accepted as surrogate markers of protection. Post-marketing safety signals associated with IXCHIQ^®, particularly in older adults, have led to divergent regulatory decisions between authorities. The indication of vaccination in national recommendations varies somewhat depending on age, duration of travel, and individual risk factors. Several additional vaccine platforms remain under investigation, although some candidates have been discontinued. <b>Conclusions:</b> The recent approval of chikungunya vaccines marks a significant milestone in the field of travel medicine. However, uncertainties regarding long-term protection, safety in specific populations, and optimal targeting of travelers remain. Individualized risk-benefit assessment is essential, and further data are needed to refine vaccination strategies for travelers and populations at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of <i>Leishmania infantum</i> DNA in Sand Flies and Assessment of Zoonotic Transmission Risk in Central Honduras: A One Health Approach.","authors":"Elisa Alcántara-Henríquez, Hugo O Valdivia, Gissella M Vásquez, Joel García, Estela Guevara, Juan F Sanchez, Adalid Palma, Arnold Houghton, Allan Iván Izaguirre González, Marcia D Laurenti, Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080219","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrated One Health studies are essential for assessing the risks of leishmaniasis transmission. In Honduras, the most prevalent clinical presentation of leishmaniasis is the non-ulcerated cutaneous form caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>; however, research on its transmission dynamics remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis and identify potential zoonotic risk factors in the municipality of Ojos de Agua, Department of Comayagua, central Honduras, using a One Health approach. We collected sand flies using CDC light traps placed in intra- and peridomestic settings of households with a history of leishmaniasis. Concurrently, we evaluated domestic dogs and collected blood samples for serological and molecular testing. We also conducted active surveillance among community residents to identify human infections. We collected a total of 644 phlebotomine sand flies, including 186 females. We identified eight sandfly species, with <i>Lutzomyia</i> (<i>Lutzomyia</i>) <i>longipalpis</i> as the predominant species, followed by <i>Pintomyia</i> (<i>Pifanomyia</i>) <i>evansi</i>. Among the 64 engorged females screened, the overall PCR positivity rate for <i>Leishmania</i> spp. was 14.1% (9/64). Blood meal analysis of PCR-positive sand flies identified humans and pigs as blood and meal sources. Additionally, 18.6% (8/43) of domestic dogs were seropositive for <i>Leishmania</i> spp., and 23.3% (10/43) tested positive by PCR. DNA sequencing identified the infecting species as <i>Leishmania infantum</i>. We detected no active human cases during the study period. These findings highlight the value of a One Health approach for improving transmission risk monitoring in newly emerging areas with a history of ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guinea Worm Eradication: New Clinical and Public Health Challenges at the Last Mile.","authors":"Barry R Davis, John Dunn, Lisette V Alcantara, Dennis G Maki, Timothy D Dye, Charles H Hennekens","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080218","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guinea worm disease is approaching eradication, with only 10 human cases reported worldwide in 2025, the lowest annual total recorded. Yet the final phase of eradication presents complex clinical and public health challenges that differ from earlier stages of control. Persistent animal infections, particularly in dogs, civil conflict, fragile health systems, financing disruptions, and the need for prolonged surveillance threaten progress at the point when global attention may wane. Unlike smallpox, Guinea worm has been driven to near-eradication without a vaccine, curative drug, or rapid diagnostic test, relying instead on safe water, filtration, vector control, case containment, community education, reporting incentives, and sustained field operations. This Perspective argues that eradication remains achievable but requires a specific policy agenda: protected financing for surveillance, animal-source transmission control, safe-water measures, operational access, and certification through 2030. Completing the final mile would represent a permanent preventive achievement and a durable victory for neglected populations too often overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria Vectors' Diversity and Seasonality in Sustaining Disease Transmission in an Endemic Area of Faladie, Mali.","authors":"Fatalmoudou Tandina, Safiatou Niare Doumbo, Moussa Djimdé, Sékou Sissoko, Privat Agniwo, Amagoron Mathias Dolo, Abdrahamane S Kamaté, Amatigue Zeguime, Salif Yirampo, Boucary Ouologuem, Aichata Dembélé, Hawa Dembélé, Mohamed Touré, Abdoulaye Kaloga, Francois Dao, Siaka Goita, Mamadou M Tekete, Mahamadou A Thera, Abdoulaye K Koné, Abdoulaye A Djimdé, Laurent Dembele","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080216","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11080216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread circulation of the <i>Anopheles</i> vector is observed during the rainy season and clearly decreases during the dry season, when only a few mosquitoes are able to survive. This study aimed to identify the major species sustaining continued malaria transmission across seasons. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a malaria-endemic area. Mosquitoes were captured in Faladie using pyrethroid spray catches during rainy and dry seasons. The collected mosquitoes were identified using morphological keys, combined with molecular techniques such as PCR-RFLP (IGS regions) for <i>Anopheles (An.) gambiae s.l.</i> identification. <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. positivity in each mosquito was characterized by qPCR using parasite 18 S genes. A total of 1082 and 1705 mosquitoes were captured inside the same houses in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. In the rainy season, 454 (41.9%) were <i>Anopheles</i>, 624 (57.7%) <i>Culex</i> and 4 (0.4%) <i>Aedes</i>. During the dry season, 65 (3.81%) mosquitoes were <i>Anopheles</i>, while 1,640 (96.19%) were <i>Culex.</i> Morphologically, the anopheline population consisted of 100% <i>An. gambiae s.l</i>. The <i>Anopheles</i> species diversity in the rainy season comprised the sister taxa, <i>An. gambiae s.s.</i> and <i>An. Coluzzii,</i> followed by an <i>An. gambiae/An. coluzzii</i> hybrid and <i>An. arabiensis</i>. However, <i>An. coluzzii</i> was found as the only vector across the rainy and dry seasons that sustained malaria transmission. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infection rates were 9.7% and 1.7%, respectively, for the rainy and dry seasons. <i>An. coluzzii</i> species can survive both the dry and the rainy seasons and sustain malaria through cross-seasonal transmission. This highlights the importance of tackling <i>An. coluzzii</i> species and residual malaria transmission to eradicate the disease in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}