Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"The Incidence of Scabies in Far North Queensland, Tropical Australia: Implications for Local Clinical Practice and Public Health Strategies.","authors":"Mert Hamdi Korkusuz, Maria Eugenia Castellanos, Linton R Harriss, Allison Hempenstall, Simon Smith, Josh Hanson","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recognition and treatment of scabies has been incorporated into Australian guidelines for the prevention of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The incidence of both diagnosed ARF and RHD is increasing in Far North Queensland (FNQ) in northeast tropical Australia, but the local burden of scabies is incompletely defined. We reviewed the results of every skin scraping collected in FNQ's public health system between 2000 and 2023; 121/4345 (2.8%) scrapings were positive, including 19/1071 (1.8%) in the last 5 years of the study; the proportion of scrapings that were positive for scabies declined over the study period. Individuals who tested positive for scabies were no more likely to have had a prior diagnosis of ARF or RHD compared to the matched controls (1/101 (1%) versus 3/101 (3%), <i>p</i> = 1.0). During a median of 14.7 years of follow-up, individuals who tested positive for scabies were also no more likely to have a diagnosis of ARF or RHD than matched controls (2/100 (2%) versus 6/98 (6%); hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.30 (0.06-1.50) <i>p</i> = 0.14). Microbiologically confirmed scabies is uncommon in FNQ and appears to make a limited contribution to the local incidence of ARF and RHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-O1, Non-O139 <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Bacteremic Skin Infection with Multiple Skin Necrosis: Case Report.","authors":"Amer Ibrahim Alomar, Nasreldin Elhadi, Lamya Zohair Yamani, Reema Allahham, Rana Alghamdi, Ibrahim Alhabib, Asim Diab, Nehal Mahmoud, Bashayer AlDossary, Mariam Almejhim, Nouf Al-Romihi, Faye Aldehalan, Reem Al Jindan","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-O1, non-O139 <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (NOVC) extraintestinal infections are rare, but recently, several clinical incidents have been reported worldwide. Toxigenic <i>V. cholerae</i> is a well-known etiological agent of cholera, responsible for acute dehydrating watery diarrhea. Outbreaks occur in an epidemic seasonal pattern, particularly in countries with poverty and poor sanitation. Strains of NOVC are usually not involved in causing the epidemic or pandemic outbreaks seen with potential strains of <i>V. cholerae</i> serogroup O1 and O139. However, they can still cause severe sporadic cases of intestinal as well as extraintestinal infections. In this study, we investigated a case of extraintestinal infections associated with the NOVC serogroup isolated from a deep closed wound abscess. The isolate was screened for the presence of three major virulence genes, <i>tox</i>R, <i>ctx</i>A, and <i>tcp</i>A. The strain tested positive for the <i>tox</i>R gene encoding the regulatory protein and cholera toxin (<i>ctx</i>) gene and tested negative for the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) gene, which is essential for the colonization of the human intestine, causing the severe diarrheal disease cholera. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of extraintestinal infection caused by toxigenic <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> non-O1/non-O139 in a hospitalized patient in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeographic Patterns and Genetic Diversity of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>: Implications for Global Malaria Transmission.","authors":"Jehangir Khan, Dongjing Zhang, Saber Gholizadeh, Yidong Deng, Abdul Aziz, Jianhuang Chen, Pir Tariq Shah, Zhiyue Lv, Tao Chen","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040109","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>, a primary malaria vector in South Asia, is expanding its geographic range, raising concerns about increased malaria transmission. However, critical aspects of its genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, an endemic malaria region where <i>An. stephensi</i> is adapting to urban settings, posing challenges for the development of targeted vector control strategies. This study addresses this gap by analyzing COI, COII (cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II), and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) sequences from <i>An. stephensi</i> populations in KP and comparing them with global isolates. Additionally, egg morphology analysis was conducted to identify the biological form. <b>Methods</b>: Mosquitoes were collected from malaria-endemic districts (Nowshera, Charsadda, and Peshawar) using ovitraps. Eggs were characterized morphologically, and DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of COI, COII, and ITS2 markers. Sequences from 17 Pakistani isolates, along with global sequences, were analyzed. Phylogenetic relationships, haplotype networks, genetic diversity, and neutrality tests (Tajima's D and Fu's Fs) were assessed. <b>Results</b>: Egg morphology confirmed the mysorensis form (13-15 ridges per egg) in KP. COI sequences clustered into two subclades (Punjab and KP), with >99% similarity to global isolates. COII and ITS2 sequences showed high similarity (99.46-100%) with populations from China, Iran, India, and Brazil, reflecting strong genetic connectivity rather than distinct regional clustering. Haplotype analysis identified six COI, ten COII, and ten ITS2 haplotypes, with Hap_2 (50.7%) and Hap_1 (43.3%) being the most prevalent in COI, Hap_7 (29.4%) in COII, and Hap_3 (80.8%) in ITS2. Population genetic analysis revealed higher COI diversity in Pakistan and India, with moderate diversity in COII. Neutrality tests suggested balancing selection in COI for both countries, while COII and ITS2 indicated population contraction in Iran. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings reveal strong genetic connectivity within regions (e.g., Pakistan) and differentiation across global populations of <i>An. stephensi</i>, highlighting its potential for further expansion and adaptation. These insights are critical for informing global malaria control strategies, particularly in regions vulnerable to vector invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends and Clinical Outcomes of Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> in a Large Health Authority in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Calvin Ka-Fung Lo, Merisa Mok, Cole Schonhofer, Kevin Afra, Shazia Masud","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>From 2018 to 2021, travel-related extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi was identified in Ontario, Canada. Opportunities remain to characterize typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> antimicrobial susceptibility trends (including multi-drug resistance phenotypes; MDR) within a large health authority in British Columbia, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients with <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi or Paratyphi A, B or C bacteremia identified at Fraser Health regional microbiology laboratory from 2018 to 2024. The primary outcome was the proportion of cases with MDR and XDR typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i>. Secondary outcomes included annual antimicrobial susceptibility for ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ertapenem, meropenem and azithromycin. Clinical outcomes included hospitalization length, and 30-day mortality, clinical cure and infection relapse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 271 patients, most were previously healthy and recently travelled. There were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (1.1%) and MDR (1.5%) typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i>, with no XDR cases observed. In 2024, ciprofloxacin resistance was 96% while susceptibility rates were high for other studied antimicrobials. Within 30 days, no deaths were reported; however, six patients (3%) had infection relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Currently, in British Columbia, MDR typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> remains rare. Empiric ciprofloxacin should be avoided due to persistently high resistance rates. With ongoing travel patterns, it is beneficial for institutions to continue typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance, and travelers should seek pre-travel health assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteomyelitis Caused by <i>Moesziomyces aphidis</i> in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Yi-Ying Chen, Ting-Kuang Yeh, Chi-Jung Wu, Po-Yu Liu","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteomyelitis caused by <i>Moesziomyces aphidis</i> is exceedingly rare and, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in immunocompetent individuals. This case represents the first documented instance. A 19-year-old woman developed osteomyelitis following an open right leg fracture sustained in a traffic accident. Initial cultures yielded an unidentified yeast, later identified as <i>M. aphidis</i> through internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The patient demonstrated clinical improvement with combination therapy of amphotericin B and following oral voriconazole. This case underscores the emerging pathogenic potential of <i>Moesziomyces</i> spp., particularly in the setting of trauma and open wounds, and highlights the importance of including this genus in the differential diagnosis of osteomyelitis. A literature review indicates that <i>Moesziomyces</i> infections are predominantly observed in immunocompromised patients, especially in Asia. However, our case underscores the need for greater awareness of this emerging pathogen in immunocompetent hosts as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment-Decision Algorithm of Child TB: Evaluation of WHO Algorithm and Development of Indonesia Algorithm.","authors":"Rina Triasih, Finny Fitry Yani, Diah Asri Wulandari, Betty Weri Yolanda Nababan, Muhammad Buston Ardiyamustaqim, Fransiska Meyanti, Sang Ayu Kompiyang Indriyani, Tiffany Tiara Pakasi, Ery Olivianto","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical algorithms for child tuberculosis (TB) are a valuable guide for healthcare workers to initiate treatment. We evaluated the agreement of pediatric TB diagnosis using the current Indonesia diagnostic algorithms with the 2022 WHO treatment decision algorithm and developed a new Indonesia algorithm for child TB based upon our findings and expert opinion. We conducted a retrospective study at 10 hospitals in Indonesia, involving children (0-10 years), who were evaluated for TB diagnosis in 2022. A panel of child TB experts used participants' records to make a diagnosis using the 2022 WHO algorithm and the 2016 Indonesian algorithm. We assessed agreement between the diagnosis made by the attending doctor and those determined by the expert panel. A new Indonesia guideline was developed based on the findings and consensus of various stakeholders. Of 523 eligible children, 371 (70.9%) were diagnosed with TB by the attending doctors, 295 (56.4%) by the WHO algorithm, and 246 (47%) by the Indonesia algorithm. The Cohen's Kappa of TB diagnosis was: attending doctor vs. WHO algorithm (0.27), attending doctor vs. Indonesia algorithm (0.45), and WHO algorithm vs. Indonesia algorithm (0.42). A review of both algorithms revealed challenges for implementation. An algorithmic approach for child TB diagnosis may not be universally applicable or implementable due to variable access to diagnostic tests and the wide variety of clinical presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antimicrobial Resistance-Water-Corporate Interface: Exploring the Connections Between Antimicrobials, Water, and Pollution.","authors":"Jason P Burnham","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is a public health emergency, with ten million deaths estimated annually by the year 2050. Water systems are an important medium for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance from a variety of sources, explored in this perspective review. Hospital wastewater and wastewater systems more broadly are breeding grounds for antibiotic resistance because of the nature of their waste and how it is processed. Corporations from various sectors contribute to antibiotic resistance in many direct and indirect ways. Pharmaceutical factory runoff, agricultural antibiotic use, agricultural use of nitrogen fertilizers, heavy metal pollution, air pollution (atmospheric deposition, burning of oil and/or fossil fuels), plastic/microplastic pollution, and oil/petroleum spills/pollution have all been demonstrated to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Mitigation strategies to reduce these pathways to antibiotic resistance are discussed and future directions hypothesized.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Machine Learning Approach to Predict Snakebite Envenoming Outcomes Among Patients Attending the Snakebite Treatment and Research Hospital in Kaltungo, Northeastern Nigeria.","authors":"Nicholas Amani Hamman, Aashna Uppal, Nuhu Mohammed, Abubakar Saidu Ballah, Danimoh Mustapha Abdulsalam, Frank Mela Dangabar, Nuhu Barde, Bello Abdulkadir, Suraj Abdullahi Abdulkarim, Habu Dahiru, Idris Mohammed, Trudie Lang, Joshua Abubakar Difa","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Snakebite Treatment and Research Hospital (SBTRH) is a leading centre for snakebite envenoming care and research in sub-Saharan Africa, treating over 2500 snakebite patients annually. Despite routine data collection, routine analyses are seldom conducted to identify trends or guide clinical practices. This study retrospectively analyzes 1022 snakebite cases at SBTRH from January to June 2024. Most patients were adults (62%) and were predominantly male (72%). Key factors such as age, sex, and time between bite and hospital presentation were associated with outcomes, including recovery, amputation, debridement, and death. Adult males who took more than four hours to arrive to hospital were identified as a high-risk group for poor outcomes. Using patient characteristics, an XGBoost model was developed and was compared to Random Forest and logistic regression models. In general, all models had high positive predictive value and low sensitivity, meaning that if they predicted a patient to experience amputation, debridement, or death, that patient almost always actually experienced amputation, debridement, or death; however, most models rarely made this prediction. The XGBoost model with all features was optimal, given that it had both a high positive predictive value and relatively high sensitivity. This may be of significance to resource-limited settings like SBTRH, where antivenoms can be scarce; however, more research is needed to build better predictive models. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions for high-risk groups, and further research and integration of machine-learning-driven decision support tools in low-resource-limited clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in a Reactive Blood Bank Sample in Sonora, Mexico.","authors":"Idalia Paredes-Sotelo, Mónica Reséndiz-Sandoval, Adriana Garibay-Escobar, Edgar Alfonso Paredes-González, Aracely Angulo-Molina, Angel Ramos-Ligonio, Eric Dumonteil, Claudia Herrera, Olivia Valenzuela","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease is a neglected disease caused by the parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, a public health problem in both endemic and non-endemic countries. In Mexico, the southern region is considered endemic, and cases are frequently reported; however, in the northwestern region, only a few cases are confirmed annually. This study describes, for the first time, the Discrete Typing Unit (DTU) of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in a volunteer blood donor rejected for being reactive in the northwestern region of Mexico. Seroreactivity was confirmed using \"in-house\" ELISAs which employed three different antigens: total extract from <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> isolated from a vector (<i>Triatoma rubida</i>) from Sonora (strain T1), strain H1 and CL-Brener. The molecular characterization of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> was conducted by amplifying satellite DNA by qPCR and posterior sequencing of the mini-exon gene, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to enhance the accuracy of genetic characterization. The results show that the reactive status of this blood donor was confirmed using our in-house ELISAs, and the presence of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> by detecting TcI DTU confirmed the infection status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Among Child and Adolescent Household Contacts in Ethiopia.","authors":"Eshetu Abelti, Zewdu Dememew, Asfawesen Gebreyohannes, Yohannes Alemayehu, Tilay Terfassa, Taye Janfa, Degu Jerene, Pedro Suarez, Daniel Datiko","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed10040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10040102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are limited studies on the community-based outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among children and adolescent contacts <15 years in Ethiopia. Our objective was to assess TPT uptake and completion rates among eligible under-15-year-old TB household contacts through an enhanced community-based model of interventions. The study was conducted between July 2021 and June 2022 in twenty primary health care units in the Sidama and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) regions. A total of 4367 (99.2%) household contacts of 1069 bacteriologically confirmed PTB index cases were symptomatically screened for TB by trained health extension workers (HEWs) at the community level. A total of 696 (15.9%) symptomatic contacts were identified, of which 694 (99.7%) were evaluated for TB, resulting in 60 (8.6%) TB cases. A total of 1567 (95.3%) asymptomatic children and adolescent contacts <15 years of age were initiated on TPT (88.8%) at health posts in the community. After the interventions, there was a significant increase in contact screening coverage (95.6% vs. 99.2%, Odds Ratio (OR), 5.54; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 2.93-10.13) and TPT uptake (81.7% vs. 95.4%; OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.54-8.23). The TPT completion rate was also 98.1% (of 1567). The TPT completion rate at health posts in the community was higher than the rate at health centers (99.4% vs. 88.0%; OR, 20.95; 95% CI, 8.97-52.71). TPT uptake and completion in children and adolescent contacts could be improved remarkably with the implementation of an enhanced community-based model of intervention in high-TB-burden districts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}