Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Artemether-Lumefantrine Combined with a Single Dose of Primaquine on <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Gametocyte Clearance and Post-Treatment Infectivity to <i>Anopheles arabiensis</i>.","authors":"Awoke Minwuyelet, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Giulio Petronio Petronio, Roberto Di Marco, Getnet Atenafu","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a major public health concern in Africa, due to the persistence of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> gametocytes that sustain transmission post treatment. This study evaluated the effects of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) alone compared with AL combined with a single low-dose of primaquine (SLD-PQ) on gametocyte clearance and infectivity to <i>Anopheles arabiensis</i> post treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort and entomological study were conducted from January to September 2025 in Northwest Ethiopia. Ninety-six microscopically confirmed cases of <i>P. falciparum</i> gametocytemia mono-infection were proportionally assigned to both treatment groups. Follow-up assessments were conducted on days 3, 7, 14, and 28, and mixed-species infections were assessed using molecular diagnostic assays. Additionally, membrane feeding assays (MFAs) were performed to evaluate mosquito infectivity post treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gametocyte prevalence declined faster with AL + SLD-PQ (15.2% on day 3; 0% by day 7) compared to AL alone (28.9% on day 3: <i>p</i> = 0.001; 12.2% by day 7: <i>p</i> = 0.033). Higher baseline gametocyte density strongly predicted mosquito infection (95% in high vs. 59% moderate and 33% low). On day 3 post treatment, 28.6% of cases treated with AL only showed confirmed mosquito infection, compared to 6.8% in the AL + SLD-PQ group (<i>p</i> = 0.001). By day 7, 7.3% of cases remained infectious in the AL-only group, while none were detected in the AL+ SLD-PQ group (<i>p</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High baseline gametocyte density strongly correlated with increased infectivity. Adding SLD-PQ markedly accelerates gametocyte clearance and completely blocks post-treatment transmission. Submicroscopic gametocytemia contributed to residual transmission in the AL-only group. Incorporation of SLD-PQ alongside AL, in line with WHO recommendations, is advised to enhance post-treatment transmission blocking, with continued surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospirosis in Southeast Asia: Investigating Seroprevalence, Transmission Patterns, and Diagnostic Challenges.","authors":"Chembie A Almazar, Yvette B Montala, Windell L Rivera","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis remains a significant public health and economic burden in Southeast Asia, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where environmental, occupational, and socioeconomic factors contribute to its endemicity. Transmission is driven by close interactions between humans and infected animal reservoirs, alongside climatic conditions such as heavy rainfall and flooding. The region's high but variable seroprevalence reflects inconsistencies in diagnostic methodologies and surveillance systems, complicating disease burden estimation. Major gaps persist in diagnostic capabilities, with current tools often unsuitable for resource-limited settings, leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Environmental modeling and spatial epidemiology are underutilized due to limited interdisciplinary data integration and predictive capacity. Addressing these challenges requires a One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health sectors. Key policy recommendations include harmonized surveillance, standardized and validated diagnostics, expanded vaccination programs, improved animal husbandry, and targeted public education. Urban infrastructure improvements and early warning systems are also critical, particularly in disaster-prone areas. Strengthened governance, cross-sectoral collaboration, and investment in research and innovation are essential for sustainable leptospirosis control. Implementing these measures will enhance preparedness, reduce disease transmission, and contribute to improved public health outcomes in all sectors across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Brucella</i>, <i>Coxiella</i>, and <i>Theileria</i> Species DNA in <i>Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis</i> Ticks Collected from Goats and Sheep in Qinghai Province, Northwest China.","authors":"Kun Li, Xuxin Yang, Jianling Wang, Shengyu Li, Xu Zhao, Shengjun Cai, Leyu Wu, Guoqiang An, Hongyan Zhao, Dongri Piao, Qingqing Xu, Yu Fan, Jiquan Li, Hai Jiang","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis</i> is an endemic tick species distributed in the western plateau areas of China. Although they are three-host ticks, infesting multiple animals (including humans), the occurrence of various tick-borne agents has barely been investigated. In this study, we collected 136 <i>H. qinghaiensis</i> specimens from sheep and goats in Menyuan County in Qinghai Province, northwest China. The <i>Brucella</i>, <i>Coxiella</i>, and <i>Theileria/Babesia</i> species' DNA were detected by nested or hemi-nested PCR and further identified by amplifying their key genes. <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>B. melitensis</i> DNA were detected, with positive rates of 3.68% and 4.41%, respectively. This may be the first report that suggests that <i>H. qinghaiensis</i> harbors <i>Brucella</i> spp., the agents of human brucellosis. The <i>Coxiella</i> endosymbiont of <i>Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis</i>, a non-pathogenic <i>Coxiella,</i> was identified with an extremely high positive rate of 97.06%. In addition, two <i>Theileria</i> species, <i>Theileria luwenshuni</i> (75.00%) and <i>Theileria uilenbergi</i> (16.18%), were detected. Our results suggest the circulation of <i>Brucella</i> spp. and <i>Theileria</i> spp. in goats and sheep in the study area. Whether <i>H. qinghaiensis</i> ticks play a role in the maintenance and transmission of these agents has yet to be determined. Due to their human pathogenicity and their high positive rates in ticks, surveillance in local populations with relative symptoms is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alert for Imported Malaria in Non-Endemic Areas: A Case Report of Atypical Falciparum Malaria in a Young Child and Diagnostic Experience.","authors":"Jiali Feng, Yang Zhou, Bo Zhang, Ming Huang","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although China has eliminated indigenous malaria, imported cases, particularly among young and middle-aged workers returning from Africa, constitute a major challenge for current epidemic prevention and control. In contrast, imported malaria in children is extremely rare and often subject to diagnostic delays in non-endemic areas due to atypical clinical presentations.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of a 2-year-11-month-old boy who returned from Sudan, a malaria-endemic region, presenting with fever and diarrhea as the initial symptoms. The case was identified by the laboratory through the blood routine re-examination rules, crucially informed by the patient's epidemiological history. The diagnosis was ultimately confirmed as <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria by rapid diagnostic testing and microscopic examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This diagnostic pathway exemplifies a closed-loop model of \"clinical suspicion → targeted laboratory testing → definitive pathogen identification.\" It provides a practical framework for the early detection and diagnosis of pediatric imported malaria with atypical presentations in non-endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a One-Health Approach for Dermatophyte Infections.","authors":"Deborah Cruciani, Manuela Papini, Sara Spina, Carla Sebastiani, Vincenzo Piscioneri, Alessandro Fiorucci, Silvia Crotti","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatomycoses pose significant zoonotic and public health challenges, involving interactions among fungal agents, host immunity, and environmental reservoirs. Eight cases of dermatophyte infection involving five humans, two cats and one dog were investigated in the Umbria region applying a One-Health approach, as recommended by the CDC. Fungal isolates were identified by mycological and molecular methods as <i>Microsporum canis</i> (n = 4), <i>Nannizzia gypsea</i> (n = 3), and <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> var. <i>mentagrophytes</i> genotype III* (n = 1). The source of infection was identified in four cases enabling the implementation of appropriate treatment, removal of fomites, and environmental sanitization; as a result, no recurrences were observed. In the remaining cases, environmental assessments showed no fungal burden, indicating likely incidental transmission. Close cohabitation or contact with cats emerged as a risk factor. The patient's medical history should always include exposure to animals in order to facilitate early recognition, correct management, and prevention. Interdisciplinary collaboration among dermatologists, veterinarians, and laboratory technicians is essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and to prevent potential antifungal resistance phenomena. Moreover, continuous surveillance under a One-Health framework will enable better epidemiological understanding of dermatophyte species dynamics, particularly zoonotic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Infection Prevention Among Nurses and Laboratory Technicians Amidst Multiple Health Emergencies in Outbreak-Prone Country, D.R. Congo.","authors":"Nlandu Roger Ngatu, Sakiko Kanbara, Christian Wansu-Mapong, Daniel Kuezina Tonduangu, Ngombe Leon-Kabamba, Berthier Nsadi-Fwene, Bertin Mindje-Kolomba, Antoine Tshimpi, Kanae Kanda, Chisako Okai, Hiromi Suzuki, Nzaji Michel-Kabamba, Georges Balenda-Matondo, Nobuyuki Miyatake, Akira Nishiyama, Tomomi Kuwahara, Akihito Harusato","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Millions of healthcare workers experience percutaneous exposure to bloodborne communicable infectious disease pathogens annually, with the risk of contracting occupationally acquired infections. In this study, we aimed to assess the status of occupational safety and outbreak preparedness in Congolese nurses and laboratory technicians in Kongo central and the Katanga area, amidst multiple ongoing public health emergencies in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This was a multicenter analytical cross-sectional study conducted in five referral hospitals located in Kongo central province and the Katanga area between 2019 and 2020 amidst Ebola, Yellow fever, Cholera and Chikungunya outbreaks. Participants were adult A0 grade nurses, A1 nurses, A2 nurses and medical laboratory technicians (N = 493). They answered a structured, self-administered questionnaire related to hospital hygiene and standard precautions for occupational infection prevention. The majority of the respondents were females (53.6%), and 30.1% of them have never participated in a training session on hospital infection prevention during their career. The proportions of those who have been immunized against hepatitis B virus (HBV) was markedly low, at 16.5%. Of the respondents, 75.3% have been using safety-engineered medical devices (SEDs), whereas 93.5% consistently disinfected medical devices after use. Moreover, 78% of the respondents used gloves during medical procedures and 92.2% wore masks consistently. A large majority of the respondents, 82.9%, have been recapping the needles after use. Regarding participation in outbreak response, 24.5% and 12.2% of the respondents were Chikungunya and Cholera epidemic responders, respectively; 1.8% have served in Ebola outbreak sites. The proportion of the respondents who sustained at least one percutaneous injury by needlestick or sharp device, blood/body fluid splash or both in the previous 12-month period was high, 89.3% (41.8% for injury, 59.2% for BBF event), and most of them (73%) reported over 11 events. Compared to laboratory technicians, nurses had higher odds for sustaining percutaneous injury and BBF events [OR = 1.38 (0.16); <i>p</i> < 0.01], whereas respondents with longer working experience were less likely to sustain those events [OR = 0.47 (0.11); <i>p</i> < 0.001]. Findings from this study suggest that Congolese nurses and laboratory technicians experience a high frequency of injury and BBF events at work, and remain at high risk for occupationally acquired infection. There is a need for periodic capacity-building training for the healthcare workforce to improve infection prevention in health settings, the provision of sufficient and appropriate PPE and SEDs, post-exposure follow-up and keeping records of occupational injuries in hospitals in Congolese healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12845926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and Efficacy of Chlorinated Disinfectants in Beninese Hospitals: Issues for the Prevention and Control of Infections and Antibiotic Resistance.","authors":"Sènami Evelyne Soclo Dansi, Comlan Cyriaque Degbey, Alphonse Kpozehouen, Nicolas Gaffan, Affi Diane Agbokou, Ounoussa Tapha, Dona Euloge Saïzonou, Houénoukpo Henri Soclo, Honoré Sourou Bankolé","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In hospitals with limited resources, chlorine solutions are commonly used for biocleaning. The effectiveness of these solutions depends on the concentration of active chlorine and how they are prepared and stored. A study conducted in six University Hospitals in Benin from 10 March to 11 July 2025 aimed to evaluate the stability of active chlorine and the bactericidal efficacy of chlorine solutions used for disinfecting hospital environments. A total of 103 samples were analyzed using iodometric titration following the AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation) standard NF EN ISO 7393-3 (2000) and WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations. Bactericidal activity was tested on multi-resistant hospital strains using the germ carrier method based on the standard NF T72-281. The study revealed that 88.4% of the solutions had inadequate active chlorine concentrations. Overall, the bactericidal activity was low, with only 14.6% effectiveness compared to 85.4% ineffectiveness. Ineffectiveness was particularly pronounced against Gram-negative bacilli, with 79.6% ineffectiveness and 20.4% effectiveness. Similarly, Gram-positive cocci showed a high level of ineffectiveness, reaching 84.5%, corresponding to 15.5% effectiveness. A significant association was observed between compliance with active chlorine concentrations and bactericidal effectiveness, with an OR of 42.5 and a <i>p</i>-value below 0.000001. Factors contributing to inefficiency included storage without light protection, use of transparent containers, storage for more than two days, inadequate active chlorine concentration, and incorrect pH levels. These issues compromise hospital disinfection and contribute to the persistence of multi-resistant bacteria in the hospital environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns in the Public Health System in the Eastern Region of the Brazilian Amazon, Northern Tocantins State, Brazil: Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Stela B C Sousa, Cláudia D M Mangueira, Sandro E Moron, Raphael G Ferreira, Helierson Gomes, Noé M E P L Costa, Alex S R Cangussu, Bergmann M Ribeiro, Fabricio S Campos, Gil R Dos Santos, Raimundo W S Aguiar, Kelly M I Silva, Alice R Mazutti, Julliana D Pinheiro, Frederico Eugênio, Erica E L Gontijo, Sara F de Sousa, Jaqueline C M Borges, João B Neto, Marcos G da Silva","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis in neonates treated in the public health network of the eastern region of the Brazilian Amazon, northern Tocantins state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted with neonates born to mothers with gestational toxoplasmosis who received care between 2017 and 2024. The outcome under analysis was positivity for immunoglobulin M in the electrochemiluminescence assay (CLIA). We estimated the prevalence of transplacental infection and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and its association with risk factors using the odds ratio (or) with a <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 in infected neonates before and after 16 gestational weeks at maternal infection diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1142 neonates were surveyed, in which 496 were diagnosed with congenital toxoplasmosis (IgM positive), thus obtaining a prevalence of vertical transmission of 45.4%. The main risk factors for vertical transmission were the mother's education level equal to or less than eight years, (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2; 2.0) and having less than six prenatal consultations (OR = 22.8; 95% CI 3.0; 172.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis was observed, with higher rates of infection in neonates born to mothers with lower levels of education.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12845945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Incidence Following Mass Vaccination: An Interrupted Time Series Study in Paraná, Brazil.","authors":"Magda Clara Vieira da Costa-Ribeiro, Elias Teixeira Krainski, Angela Maron de Mello, Denise Siqueira de Carvalho, Karin Regina Luhm, Fredi Alexander Diaz-Quijano, Sonia Mara Raboni, Lineu Roberto da Silva, Marilene da Cruz Magalhães Buffon, Eliane Mara Cesário Pereira Maluf, Gabriel Graef, Gustavo Araújo de Almeida, Clara Preto, Silvia Emiko Shimakura","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In southern Brazil, dengue transmission in the state of Paraná has shown a significant increase in the number of cases since the first recorded occurrence in 1995, with more frequent outbreaks in the west, northwest, and north of the state. We evaluated the impact of a campaign of dengue vaccination administered to a fraction of the population in 30 municipalities in the state by conducting a 15-year interrupted time-series ecological study using data obtained from an official Brazilian data register. We modeled dengue incidence using Poisson regression adjusted by covariates (demographic, climate, and epidemiological factors), allowing for specific temporal variation for each site. A reduction of 18.7% in dengue incidence rate was estimated for a vaccination coverage of 100%. Although there was an increase in the crude dengue incidence rate, considering the three-dose coverage achieved in the municipalities, we estimated an 8.2% relative reduction in the incidence rate. This reduction would increase to 17% with a hypothetical coverage of 90%. The campaign was more effective in small municipalities since they had higher vaccination coverage. These findings underscore the significant impact of the vaccination campaign on reducing dengue incidence trends across the targeted municipalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Specific Expression Profile of Immune Cells in Infants and Young Children Infected with RSV and Construction of a Disease Prediction Model.","authors":"Kai Ren, Honggang Sun, Tian Ren, Kailun Ma, Jizheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/tropicalmed11010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been demonstrated that infants and young children exhibit immune tolerance as a consequence of immature immune systems, which are characterized by a natural Th2 bias. RSV infection has been reported to result in acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), while formalin-inactivated vaccination has been observed to exacerbate Th2 responses, consequently leading to enhanced respiratory disease (ERD). Transcriptomic data from three independent cohorts of RSV-infected infants were analyzed (GSE246622 served as the discovery and train set; GSE105450 and GSE188427 were used as validation sets). Immune infiltration analysis revealed immunological characteristics, which were then used to perform unsupervised clustering using feature-related genes. WGCNA was used to identify co-expressed gene modules, while Mfuzz and TCseq were employed to analyze temporal expression patterns. Machine learning models were developed using a refined panel of candidate genes. Severe symptoms of RSV infection exhibited a strong correlation with age, with younger infants demonstrating more intense inflammatory responses from neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells and dendritic cells. A predictive model was constructed using ten co-expressed genes: The following genes were identified: MCEMP1, FCGR1B, ANXA3, FAM20A, CYSTM1, GYG1, ARG1, SLPI, BMX and SMPDL3A. It was observed that infants of a younger demographic demonstrated a heightened degree of immunosuppression and pronounced innate immune activation in patients of severe symptoms with RSV infection. However, eosinophils exhibited minimal involvement in these processes. These gene models pertaining to the neutrophil, macrophage or mast cell was found to be a relatively effective predictor in patients of severe symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23330,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12846271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}